• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 1989

Periodic layered domain structures in doped LiNbO3 crystals grown by Czochralski method were obtained by thermal fluctuation and crystal rotation with inhomogeneous radial temprature distribution. The stressinduced domain formation mechanism model was suggested and discussed.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.36-46
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• 1993

The purposes of this study are to develop three-layered Green-Ampt infiltration model considering temporal variation of physical properties of soil and to evaluate the model with field experiment on bare-tilled and soybean-growing soil plots under natural rainfalls. Infiltration tests were conducted on a sandy loam soil. The model has three-layered soil profile including a surface crust, a tilled layer, a subsoil and considers temporal variation of porosity, hydraulic conductivity, capillary pressure head on a tilled layer by natural rainfalls and canopy density variation of crop. Field measurement of porosity, average hydraulic conductivity and average capillary presure head on a tilled layer were conducted by soil sampler and air-entry permeameter at regular intervals-after tillage. It was found that temporal variation of porosity and average hydraulic conductivity might be expressed as a function of cumulative rainfall energy and average capillary pressure head might be expressed as a function of porosity of a tilled soil. The model was calibrated by an optimization technique, Hooke and Jeeves method using hourly surface runoff data. With the calibrated parameters, the model was verified satisfactorily.

• 폴리머
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.260-265
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• 2005

약물의 서방화에 있어서 독성이 특히 강하거나 유효 치료영역이 좁은 약물일수록 초기 버스트는 매우 중요하다. 이러한 약물의 전달을 위한 단일층으로 이루어진 나노미립구의 이용은 표면에 존재하는 약물 때문에 초기 버스트가 커서 서방화에 적절치 못하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 생분해성 고분자인 덱스트란과 락타이드-글리콜라이드 공중합체(PLCA)를 이용한 이중층 나노미립구를 제조하여 서방성 방출 거동을 보이는 약물 전달체 제조에 대한 연구를 수행 하였다. 덱스트란과 PLCA의 나노미립구는 W/O/W법을 이용하여 이중 에멀젼 과정을 통해 제조하였고 계면활성제로는 폴리(비닐 알코올)(PVA)을 사용하였다. 덱스트란의 생체외 방출 거동을 확인하기 위해 동결 건조된 시료를 직경 $3{\times}1mm$ 몰드를 이용하여 웨이퍼를 제조하여 증류수에서 7일간 방출 거동을 확인하였다. 이중층 나노미립구는 각각의 단일고분자로 이루어진 나노미립구에 비해 다른 방출거동을 보였다. 특히 유화제인 PVA농도가 $0.2\%$인 것이 0차 방출에 가까운 결과를 보였다. 본 실험을 통해 대조군인 물리적인 혼합 모델, 덱스트란 또는 PLGA로만 이루어진 웨이퍼 및 단일층 미립구에 비해 이중층 나노미립구의 내부물질인 덱스트란의 방출 거동이 서방형을 보임을 확인할 수 있었으며 PVA의 함량에 따라 방출 거동을 조절할 수 있었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.471-492
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• 2016

Underground tunnelling is one of the sustainable construction methods which can facilitate the increasing passenger transportation in the urban areas and benefit the community in the long term. Tunnelling in various ground conditions requires careful consideration of the stability factor. This paper investigates three dimensional stability of a shallow circular tunnel in a layered soil. Upper bound theorem of limit analysis was utilised to solve the tunnel face stability problem. A three dimensional kinematic admissible failure mechanism was improved to model a layered soil and limiting assumptions of the previous studies were resolved. The study includes calculation of the minimum support pressure acting on the face of the excavation in closed-face excavations. The effects of the characteristics of the layers on the minimum support pressure were examined. It was found that the ratio of the thickness of cover layers particularly when a weak layer is overlying a stronger layer, has the most significant influence on the minimum tunnel support pressure. Comparisons have been made with the results of the numerical modelling using FLAC3D software. Results of the current study were in a remarkable agreement with those of numerical modelling.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.203-211
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• 2023

층상 반무한체에서의 확률론적 완전파형역산을 위한 Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) 모사 기법을 정식화한다. Thin-layer method를 사용하여 조화 수직 하중이 작용하는 층상 반무한체의 지표면에서 추정된 동적 응답과 관측 데이터와의 차이 및 모델 변수의 사전 정보와의 차이를 최소화하도록 목적함수와 모델 변수의 사후 확률밀도함수를 정의한다. 목적함수의 기울기에 기반하여 MCMC 표본을 제안하기 위한 분포함수와 이를 수락 또는 거절할지 결정하는 수락함수를 결정한다. 기본 진동모드 뿐만이 아니라 고차 진동모드가 우세한 경우를 포함하여 다양한 층상 반무한체의 전단파 속도 추정에 제안된 MCMC 모사 기법을 적용하고 그 정확성을 검증한다. 제안된 확률론적 완전파형역산을 위한 MCMC 모사 기법은 층상 반무한체의 전단파 속도와 같은 재료 특성의 확률적 특성을 추정하는 데 적합함을 확인할 수 있다.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.139-155
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• 2003

The aim of this study is to identify the data traffic capacity of 3G mobile communication networks, especially of cdma2000-1X networks. Three-layered ON/OFF traffic model is used to describe the dynamics of data traffics and the process of data transmission such as packet scheduling. We construct a simulator fully incorporating packet handling process of cdma2000-lX data network as well as three-layered ON/OFF traffic model describing the behavior of source data traffics. To get influence of traffic parameters on performance measures, the extensive simulations were performed for several data sets which are obtained from real trace data or previous studies. The experimental results show that the engineered throughput satisfying QoS criteria is approximately 25% of total capacity. Finally, some proposals to improve the system capacity are followed.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.3-11
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• 2002

A moment-curvature relationship to simulate the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) columns under cyclic loading is introduced. Unlike previous moment-curvature models and the layered section approach, the unposed model takes into account the bond-slip effect by using a monotonic moment-curvature relationship constructed on the basis of the bond-slip relation and corresponding equilibrium equation at each nodal point. In addition, the use of curved unloading and reloading branches inferred from the stress-strain relation of steel gives more exact numerical result. The pinching enact caused by axial force is considered with an assumption that the absorbing energy corresponding to any deformation level maintains constant regardless of the magnitude of applied axial force. The advantages of the proposed model, comparing tn layered section approach, may be on the reduction in calculation time and memory space in case of its application to large structures.. Finally, correlation studies between analytical results and experimental studies are conducted to establish the validity of the proposed mood.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• 제68권
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• pp.311-324
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• 2018

Herein,the Neodymium ion ($Nd^{3+}$) doped CoAl-LDH have been successfully prepared via co-precipitation method and was used as a precursor of Nd-doped CoAl-mixed metal oxides (MMO). The photocatalytic activity of doped LDH and MMO was investigated in the degradation of an azo dye, C.I. Acid Red 14, under visible light irradiation. DRS and PL analysis demonstrated decreasing in the band gap energy and recombination of photo-induced charge carriers of Nd-doped LDH and MMO compared with the pristine CoAL-LDH. Due to significant difference in photocatalytic performance. A power law empirical kinetic model was obtained for predicting the photocatalytic degradation efficiency.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.245-256
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• 2014

I-core sandwich panel that has been used more widely is assembled using high power $CO_2$ laser welding. Kim et al. (2013) proposed a circular cone type heat source model for the T-joint laser welding between face plate and core. It can cover the negative defocus which is commonly adopted in T-joint laser welding to provide deeper penetration. In part I, a volumetric heat source model is proposed and it is verified thorough a comparison of melting zone on the cross section with experiment results. The proposed model can be used for heat transfer analysis and thermal elasto-plastic analysis to predict welding deformation that occurs during laser welding. In terms of computational time, since the thermal elasto-plastic analysis using 3D solid elements is quite time consuming, shell element model with multi-layers have been employed instead. However, the conventional layered approach is not appropriate for the application of heat load at T-Joint. This paper, Part II, suggests a new method to arrange different number of layers for face plate and core in order to impose heat load only to the face plate.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.387-391
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• 2008

움직이는 객체를 검출하기 위해서 정확한 배경을 사용하기 위해 널리 사용되는 방법으로는 가우시안 혼합 모델이다. 가우시안 혼합 모델은 확률적 학습 방법을 사용하는데, 이 방법은 움직이는 배경일 경우와 이동하던 물체가 정지하는 경우 배경을 정확히 모델링하지 못한다. 본 논문에서는 확률적 모델링을 통해 혼잡한 배경을 모델링하고 객체의 계층적 처리를 통해 보다 정확한 배경으로 갱신할 수 있는 학습 방법을 제안한다.