• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.1758-1763
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• 2000

The effect of tu-chung (Eucommia ulmoides, Oliver) leaf meal on reducing lipid accumulation in chickens fed 1% cholesterol containing diet was studied. Forty male White Leghorn chickens aged 56 days were weighed and divided into four groups of ten chickens, and fed diets with or without 1% dietary cholesterol which were supplemented with 0 and 5% tu-chung. Tu-chung supplementation to the diet without cholesterol increased acetyl-CoA carboxylase (p<0.01) but decreased 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activities (p<0.01) with no effect on fatty acid synthetase activities. However, its supplementation to the diet with cholesterol had no effect on these three enzyme activities as compared with the cholesterol containing diet without tu-chung. Tu-chung supplementation to the diet without cholesterol increased hepatic triglyceride (p<0.01), whereas its supplementation to the diet with cholesterol decreased it (p<0.01). Tu-chung supplementation to the diet with cholesterol decreased plasma cholesterol ester, free cholesterol, phospholipids (p<0.05) and triglyceride (p<0.01) as compared with the cholesterol containing diet without tu-chung. Supplementation of tu-chung to the diet without cholesterol decreased plasma free cholesterol (p<0.05). It is concluded that tu-chung leaf meal reduced an increase in lipid accumulation in chickens stimulated by 1% cholesterol feeding.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.535-539
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• 2001

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fermented chub mackerel extract (FCME) on lipid metabolism in rats fed diets without cholesterol. Four week-old male rats were divided into three groups of 10 rats with 0, 1% or 2% FCME supplementation to the diets. Purified diets were used in the present study. Feed and water were fed ad libitum. FCME supplementation had no effect on the activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthetase, and the content of free cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid in the liver (p>0.05). 1% FCME supplementation significantly increased serum triglyceride (p<0.05) and hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity (p<0.05) with no effect on serum total cholesterol, free cholesterol and phospholipid concentration. FCME supplementation significantly reduced serum LDL+VLDL-cholesterol (p<0.01) and atherogenic index (p<0.01) with no effect on HDL-cholesterol. The current study showed that FCME inclusion might reduce the risk of atherosclerosis in rats fed diet without cholesterol.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.666-670
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• 2008

본 연구는 Asp. terreus ATCC 20542 변이주로부터 lovastatin 생산용 seed culture의 대량제조를 위한 방법을 개발한 것이다. 배양체의 선발, 분석 및 최적 배양용기를 검토한 결과 대두를 이용하여 petri dish(${\phi}150{\times}20mm$)에 배양하였을 때 lovastatin의 생산성이 우수하였다. 포자의 발아 촉진을 위하여 대두에 Asp. terreus를 접종한 다음 열처리를 달리하여, 각 전배양체를 미강에 본배양하였다. 본배양액을 추출한 후 HPLC를 이용하여 lovastatin 생산량을 검토한 결과 $30^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 동안 열처리한 전배양체가 본배양 12일째에 가장 높은 lovastatin 생산성을 보이며, in vitro assay 결과, 대두를 $30^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 열처리하여 본배양하였을 경우에 HMG-CoA reductase가 82% 저해되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 기존의 포자현탁액 접종법보다 대두를 이용한 방법이 더욱 높은 HMG-CoA reductase 저해활성 및 배양시간의 단축성을 보여 산업화에 유리한 것으로 사료되었다.

• Annals of dermatology
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.676-687
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• 2018

Background: Rosacea is associated with chronic systemic disease. However, research is lacking in Asian countries. Objective: To evaluate the association between rosacea and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) related systemic comorbidities, and the use of antihypertensive and antihyperlipidemic drugs in Korea. Methods: A five-year retrospective study, using hospital database, was conducted in five medical centers for five years. Totally 1,399,528 patients were evaluated. Results: The overall frequency for diagnosed rosacea was 0.18% over five years (2,536 rosacea patients). Patients with diabetes and patients with dyslipidemia were more likely to have rosacea (odd ratio [OR] 2.724, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.295~5.730, p=0.016; OR 1.788, 95% CI 1.445~2.212, p<0.001). Patients with CVD were less likely to have rosacea (OR 0.431, 95% CI 0.244~0.760, p=0.003). Patients with ${\alpha}$-blocker prescriptions and patients with ${\beta}$-blocker prescriptions showed a tendency diagnosed with rosacea frequently (OR 1.963, 95% CI 1.200~3.212, p=0.006; OR 3.939, 95% CI 3.512~4.419, p<0.001). Patients with [beta]-hydroxy-[beta]-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, and those with fibrate, were prone to have rosacea (OR 1.599, 95% CI 1.390~1.839, p<0.001; OR 1.660, 95% CI 1.056~2.609, p=0.026). As adjusted results, among the patients who took HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor without dyslipidemia, rosacea was less likely to be diagnosed (OR 0.780, 95% CI 0.620~0.982, p=0.034). Conclusion: Rosacea is associated with chronic diseases and drugs.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2013

마늘 숙성 중 생성되는 S-allylmercaptocysteine의 콜레스테롤 생합성 억제 효과에 대하여 Hepatocytes를 이용하여 조사하였다. HepG2 cells을 Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)에 배양하여 S-allylmercaptocysteine의 농도를 20, 40, 60, 80 및 100 mL 씩 각각 첨가하여 cell viability를 살펴본 결과 20~40 ${\mu}g/mL$에서는 높았으며, 60 ${\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 약 50%가 유지되었다. S-allylmercaptocysteine을 5, 10, 15 및 20 ${\mu}g/mL$ 농도로 [$^{14}C$]-acetatecholesterol에서 처리하였을 경우 15 ${\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 cholesterol 생합성이 79%로 억제되었다. Fatty acid synthase의 활성은 0.95 nmol에서 19%의 억제효과를 나타내었으나, Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH)의 활성에는 거의 영향을 미치지 않았다. S-allylmercaptocysteine의 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase의 활성은 용량 의존형으로 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 마늘 숙성 과정에서 생성되는 주요 성분인 S-allylmercaptocysteine은 간 세포에서 cholesterol의 생합성을 억제하는데 기여하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 약학회지
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.388-393
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• 2013

Previously, we have reported that lovastatin, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, increased melanin synthesis through intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ release in B16 cells. In this study we investigated the possible involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the mechanism of lovastatin-induced melanogenesis. Lovastatin elevated NO formation in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with mevalonate, farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), precursors of cholesterol, did not significantly alter the lovastatin-induced NO production, suggesting that inhibition of cholesterol metabolism may not be involved in the mechanism of this action of lovastatin. Both NO formation and melanogenesis induced by lovastatin was significantly suppressed by treatment with $N^G$-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and 2-(4-carboxy-2-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylinidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO), an inhibitor of NO synthase and a NO scavenger, respectively. The lovastatin-induced NO production was significantly affected not by EGTA, an extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ chelator, but by an intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ chelator (BAPTA/AM) and intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ release blockers (dantrolene and TMB-8). Taken together, these results suggest that lovastatin may induce melanogenesis through NO formation mediated by intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ release in B16 cells. These results further suggest that lovastatin may be a good candidate for the therapeutic application of various hypopigmentation disorders.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.725-741
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• 2019

In the current study, we first investigated a method for directly transforming lactose into galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) for manufacturing low-lactose and GOS-enriched skim milk (GSM) and then evaluated its prebiotic potential by inoculating five strains of Bifidobacterium spp. In addition, fermented GSM (FGSM) was prepared using a potentially probiotic Lactobacillus strain and its fermentation characteristics and antioxidant capacities were determined. We found that GOS in GSM were metabolized by all five Bifidobacterium strains after incubation and promoted their growth. The levels of antioxidant activities including radical scavenging activities and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibition rate in GSM were significantly increased by fermentation with the probiotic Lactobacillus strain. Moreover, thirty-nine featured peptides in FGSM was detected. In particular, six peptides derived from ${\beta}$-casein, two peptides originated from ${\alpha}s_1$-casein and ${\kappa}$-casein were newly identified, respectively. Our findings indicate that GSM can potentially be used as a prebiotic substrate and FGSM can potentially prevent oxidative stress during the production of synbiotic fermented milk in the food industry.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2003

In experiment 1, rats (n＝6) fed diet containing 10 g/kg cholesterol for 4 wk (control) with either no amaranth (control), amaranth grain (300 g/kg, AG) or amaranth oil (90 g/kg, AO). Both the AG and AO groups had lower concentration of serum and hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride than the controls (p < 0.05). Fecal excretions of cholesterol and bile acid in AO group increased about 4 fold and 2 fold, respectively, while AG affected only bile acid excretion (p < 0.05). In experiment 2, rats (n＝6) were fed the cholesterol diet for 4 wk and injected intraperitoneally with saline (control) or amaranth squalene (AS) for 7d. The hypolipidemic effect of AS was evident in both serum and liver. Fecal excretions of cholesterol and bile acid were greater (p < 0.05) in AS than control. HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A) reductase activity was reduced in AS group (11.6%, p=0.13). This study suggests that the cholesterol-lowering effect of AS is mediated by greater fecal elimination of steroids through interference with cholesterol absorption.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2020

Objective: The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) are frequently prescribed medications worldwide for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Statins are considered to be well tolerated; however, they have a potential for myotoxicity. Concomitant drugs that inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 can increase the concentration of statins and thus the risk of developing myotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk factors associated with potential drug-drug interactions in patients receiving statins. Methods: The subjects of this study were patients aged more than 18 years who received at least one prescription of statins in a general hospital located in Chuncheon-si, Korea, between January 1, 2018, and March 31, 2018. Data regarding statin use and baseline characteristics was collected from the computerized hospital database. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with potential drug-drug interactions. Results: A total of 1061 patients were finally included in the study. The incidence of potential drug-drug interactions was 45% in all subjects. According to the results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis, myocardial infarction as the indication of statin, arrhythmia or heart failure as a comorbidity, and aspartate aminotransferase levels higher than 40 IU/L were significant risk factors for potential drug-drug interactions in study subjects. Diltiazem was the most commonly co-prescribed drug that caused potential drug-drug interactions with statins. Conclusion: There was a considerable rate of potential drug-drug interactions in patients receiving statins. Health care professionals should attempt to reduce potential drug-drug interactions during statin administration.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.432-442
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• 2008

Objective : Ssanggang-tang(SGT) is noted as an effective method to treat hyperlipidemia in China. The main purpose of this study was analysis of the effects of Ssanggang-tang(SGT) on rats induced with caused hyperlipidemia. Methods : We observed 3 experimental groups: normal, control, and SGT. Rats were provided a normal diet in the normal group, and the other groups were provided a hyperlipidemic diet to induce hyperlipidemia. After 2 weeks, SGT was treated in the SGT group. For 6 weeks, values related to hyperlipidemia were observed in the 3 experimental groups. Results : SGT decreased some values related to hyperlipidemia like total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL cholesterol), triglyceride, acetocoenzyme A acetyltransferase(ACAT), and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase(HMG-CoA reductase). However, it showed no effect on weight change or high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL cholesterol). Conclusion : These results suggest that SGT might be effective in treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia.