• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2001

Paenibacillus sp. JB-13 producing the cyclodextrin glucan-otransferase(CGTase) [EC 2.4.1.19] that glucosylated ascorbic acid(AA) at the C-2 position was isolated form soil and the optimal conditions for the production of 2-O-$\alpha$-D- Glucopyranosl L-Ascorbic acid(AA-2G) with CGTase were investigated. CGTase produced AA-2G efficiently using dextrin as a substrate and AA as an aceptor. Several AA-2-oilgosaccharides(AA-2Gs) were also produced in this reaction mixture, and these were efficiently hydro-lyzed to AA-2G and glucose by the treatment with glucoamylase. The optimal temperature for AA-2G production was $37^{\circ}C$ and the optimal pH was around 6.5. CGTase also utilized $\alpha$-,$\beta$-,${\gamma}$-CDs, soluble starch, com statch, dia-static solution from rice and diastatic solution from malt as substrate, but not glucose. The reaction mixture for the maximal production of AA-2G was following; 15% total substrate concentration, 2,500 units/ml of CGTase and a mixing ration of 3:2(g of AA: g of dextrin). Under this condition, 56 mM of AA-2G ,which corresponded to 12.4% yield based on AA. was produced after incubation for 44 hrs at $37^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.5.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.95-103
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• 2009

An efficient symbol time synchronization scheme for IEEE 802.11n MIMO-OFDM based WLAN systems using cyclic shift diversity (CSD) preamble is proposed. CSD is used to prevent unintentional beamforming when the same preamble signal is transmitted through transmit antennas. However, it is difficult to find a proper starting-point of the OFDM symbol with the conventional algorithms because of time offset by multi-peaks which are result from cross-correlation of received CSD preamble with a known short training symbol. In addition, the performance of symbol time sync. is affected by AGC and packet detection position. In this paper, an optimal symbol time synch. algorithm which is composed of the boundary detection scheme between LTS and OFDM symbols, the verification scheme for enhancement of boundary detection accuracy, and the SNR-varying threshold estimation scheme is proposed. Simulation result show that the proposed algorithm has performance gains of 4.3dB in SNR compared to the conventional algorithms at the rate of 1% sync. failure probability for $2{\times}2$ MIMO-OFDM system and 18dB at 0.1% when maximum frequency offset exists. It also can be applied to $4{\times}4$ MIMO-OFDM system without any modification. Hence, it is very suitable for MIMO-OFDM WLAN systems using CSD preamble.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.615-623
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the specificity, sensitivity, and diagnostic power of caries activity test using LED fluorescence. The subjects of this study were 55 children of $6{\sim}7$ years old. LED light were irradiated to labial or buccal surface of all teeth. Fluorescence from initial carious lesion of teeth illuminated by an LED light was observed through barrier filter and the number of teeth showing lesion, size and position of lesion were counted. Streptococcus mutans colony counting and dDfFtT rate test were also done and their correlation was compared. And then specificity, sensitivity, diagnostic power of optical caries activity test using LED light were evaluated. 1. There was positive $correlation({\gamma}=0.43)$ between LED fluorescence test and Streptococcus mutans count(P<0.05). 2. When visual examination was defined to standard testing method, the specificity, sensitivity, diagnostic power of LED fluorescence test were 100%, 76.1%, and 100%. 3. When dDfFtT rate was defined to standard testing method, the specificity, sensitivity, diagnostic power of LED fluorescence test were 88.9%, 47.8%, and 95.7%. 4. When S. mutans colony counting was defined to standard testing method, the specificity, sensitivity, diagnostic power of LED fluorescence test were 100%, 58.7%, and 100%. Considering the above results, optical caries activity test using LED light could be regarded as a practical method because of its close relationship with microbiological caries activity test.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.351-356
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• 2007

The crystal structure of $Li(ND_4)SO_4$ was analyzed by X-ray and neutron diffraction methods. The crystal is a deuterated $Li(NH_4)SO_4$ and one of the ferroelectric materials with hydrogen atoms. The crystal is orthorhombic at room temperature, $P2_1nb$, with lattice parameters of $a=5.2773(5)\;{\AA},\;b=9.1244(23)\;{\AA},\;c=8.7719(11)\;{\AA}$ and Z=4. Neutron intensity data were collected on the Four-Circle diffractometer (FCD) at HANARO in Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute and X-ray date were given by Prof. Y. Noda of Tohoku University Japan. The structure was refined by full-matrix least-square to final R value of 0.070 for 1450 observed reflections by X-ray diffraction and to final R=0.049 for 745 observed reflections by neutron diffraction. With X-ray data we obtained only one hydrogen atomic position. However, not only all atomic positions of four hydrogen atoms at $NH_4$ but also the occupation factors of D and H were refined with neutron data. From this results we obtained the average chemical structure of this sample, $LiND_{3.05}H_{0.95}SO_4$.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.711-719
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• 2021

EBS has been producing numerous educational contents with traditional virtual studio production systems since the early 2000s and applied AR video production system in October 2020, twenty-years after. Although the basic concept of synthesizing graphic elements and actual image in real time by tracking camera movement and lens information is similar to the previous one but the newly applied AR video production system contains some of advanced technologies that are improved over the previous ones. Marker tracking technology that enables camera movement free and position tracking has been applied that can track the location stably, and the operating software has been applied with Unreal Engine, one of the representative graphic engines used in computer game production, therefore the system's rendering burden has been reduced, enabling high-quality and real-time graphic effects. This system is installed on a crane camera that is mainly used in a crane shot at the live broadcasting studio and applied for live broadcasting programs for children and some of the videos such as program introductions and quiz events that used to be expressed in 2D graphics were converted to 3D AR videos which has been enhanced. This paper covers the effect of introduction and application of the AR video production system on EBS content production and the future development direction and possibility.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.568-576
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• 2003

This paper proposes a moving object tracking algorithm by using hierarchical search method in dynamic scenes. Proposed algorithm is based on two main steps: generation step of initial model from different pictures, and tracking step of moving object under the time-yawing scenes. With a series of this procedure, tracking process is not only stable under far distance circumstance with respect to the previous frame but also reliable under shape variation from the 3-dimensional(3D) motion and camera sway, and consequently, by correcting position of moving object, tracking time is relatively reduced. Partial Hausdorff distance is also utilized as an estimation function to determine the similarity between model and moving object. In order to testify the performance of proposed method, the extraction and tracking performance have tested using some kinds of moving car in dynamic scenes. Experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm provides higher performance. Namely, matching order is 28.21 times on average, and considering the processing time per frame, it is 53.21ms/frame. Computation result between the tracking position and that of currently real with respect to the root-mean-square(rms) is 1.148. In the occasion of different vehicle in terms of size, color and shape, tracking performance is 98.66%. In such case as background-dependence due to the analogy to road is 95.33%, and total average is 97%.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.325-330
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• 2004

This study was carried out to determine adequate planting date, to compare the growth characteristics between early and late maturing cultivars, and to provide the data for the cultivation techniques of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in double cropping system with winter crops on paddy field in Korea. Cultivars were planted on 26 May, 16 June, and 7 July with a planting density of $70cm(row\;widtb)\;{\times}\;10cm$ (planting spacing). Seed yield of soybean planted on June 16 and July 7 was approximately $37\%\;and\;53\%$, respectively, less than that of conventional planting date of May 26 in Pungsan-namulkong, and planted on June 16 and July 7 was about $30\%\;and\;37\%$, respectively, less then that of conventional planting date of May 26 in Hanamkong. The number of pods and seeds per plant decreased as planting date delayed. Seed weight increased in Pungsan-namulkong but decreased in Hannamkong as planting date delayed. The flowering date was late in delayed planting plots, but it was shorted for days from emergence to flowering and from emergence to maturity. The plant height of Hannamkong was greater than Pungsan-namulkong from the emergence to flowering stages, but in contrast, it was greater in Pungsan-namulkong than Hannamkong after flowering stage (50d after emergence) when it planted on May 26. There were no significant differences between two soybean cultivars at planting dates of June 16 and July 7. Leaf number, leaf area, and dry matter were also reduced by late planting, and Both of them were shown in high reduction at the later planting. There was a high significant difference at the flowering $(r\;=\;0.87^{**})$ and pod formation $(r\;=\;0.91^{**})$ stages between leaf dry matter and seed yield. Crop growth rate (CGR) was greater at $R2\~R3$ growth stages compared to $R3\~R4\;or\;R4\~R5$ growth stages in two soybean cultivars and the greatest CGR was obtained at planting date of May 26 in two soybean cultivars except for R4-R5 growth stage in Pungsan-namulkong. There was a highly significant positive difference between the seed yield and the leaf area index (LAI) across R3 to R4 and R2 to R3 stages. The photosynthetic rate $(P_N)$ of the uppermost leaf position had no significant difference among planting dates and between two soybean cultivars. However, $P_N$ of the $7^{th}$ leaf position increased as the planting date delayed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.211-221
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• 2012

To utilize omni-directional images acquired by a rotating line camera for indoor spatial information services, we should register precisely the images with respect to an indoor coordinate system. In this study, we thus develop a georeferencing method to estimate the exterior orientation parameters of an omni-directional image - the position and attitude of the camera at the acquisition time. First, we derive the collinearity equations for the omni-directional image by geometrically modeling the rotating line camera. We then estimate the exterior orientation parameters using the collinearity equations with indoor control points. The experimental results from the application to real data indicate that the exterior orientation parameters is estimated with the precision of 1.4 mm and $0.05^{\circ}$ for the position and attitude, respectively. The residuals are within 3 and 10 pixels in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. Particularly, the residuals in the vertical direction retain systematic errors mainly due to the lens distortion, which should be eliminated through a camera calibration process. Using omni-directional images georeferenced precisely with the proposed method, we can generate high resolution indoor 3D models and sophisticated augmented reality services based on the models.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.177-181
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• 1988

Korean native goat's bone marrow was low in triglycerides high in phospholipids and glycolipids. In the fatty acid composition, goat's bone marrow was high in $C_{18:1}$ and low in $C_{18:0}$. Goat's bone marrow also contained more unsaturated fatty acid than saturated fatty acid. Triglyceride and sterylester were more than others in the neutral lipids. Esterified glycoside and monogalactosyl diglyceride were higher than others in the glycolipids. Diphosphatidyl glycerol and phosphatidyl ethanolamine were higher than others in the phospholipids. In the fatty acid composition of triglycerides, Humerus and Radius, Femur and Os coxae and Lumbar vertebra were all higher in $C_{16:0}$, $C_{18:0}$ and $C_{18:1}$ than others in the 1-position of triglycerides and higher in $C_{18:0}$, $C_{18:2}$ and $C_{18:3}$ than others in the 2-position of triglycerides.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.299-311
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• 2022

Water-resisting key stratum (WKS) between coal seams is an important barrier that prevents water inrush from goaf in roof under multi-seam mining. The occurrence of water inrush can be evaluated effectively by analyzing the fracture of WKS in multi-seam mining. A "long beam" water inrush mechanical model was established using the multi-seam mining of No. 2+3 and No. 8 coal seams in Xiqu Mine as the research basis. The model comprehensively considers the pressure from goaf, the gravity of overburden rock, the gravity of accumulated water, and the constraint conditions. The stress distribution expression of the WKS was obtained under different mining distances in No. 8 coal seam. The criterion of breakage at any point of the WKS was obtained by introducing linear Mohr strength theory. By using the mechanical model, the fracture of the WKS in Xiqu Mine was examined and its breaking position was calculated. And the risk of water inrush was also evaluated. Moreover, breaking process of the WKS was reproduced with Flac3D numerical software, and was analyzed with on-site microseismic monitoring data. The results showed that when the coal face of No. 8 coal seam in Xiqu Mine advances to about 80 m ~ 100 m, the WKS is stretched and broken at the position of 60 m ~ 70 m away from the open-off cut, increasing the risk of water inrush from goaf in roof. This finding matched the result of microseismic analysis, confirming the reliability of the water inrush mechanical model. This study therefore provides a theoretical basis for the prevention of water inrush from goaf in roof in Xiqu Mine. It also provides a method for evaluating and monitoring water inrush from goaf in roof.