• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.413-417
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• 2015

Recently, we isolated HY253, a novel decahydrofluorene analog with a molecular structure of 7,8a-divinyl-2,4a,4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-decahydro-1H-fluorene-2,4a,4b,9a-tetraol from the roots of Aralia continentalis, which is known as Dokwhal (獨活), a traditional medicinal herb. Moreover, we previously reported its cytotoxic activity on cancer cell proliferation in human lung cancer A549 and cervical cancer HeLa cells. The current study aimed to evaluate its detailed molecular mechanisms in cell cycle arrest and apoptotic induction in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Flow cytometric analysis of HepG2 cells treated with $60{\mu}M$ HY253 revealed appreciable cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase via inhibition of Rb phosphorylation and down-regulation of cyclin D1. Furthermore, using western blots, we found that up-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, such as p21^CIP1 and p27^KIP1, was associated with this G₁ phase arrest. Moreover, TUNEL assay and immunoblottings revealed apoptotic induction in HepG2 cells treated with $60{\mu}M$ HY253 for 24 h, which is associated with cytochrome c release from mitochondria, via down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, which in turn resulted in activation of caspase-9 and -3, and proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Accordingly, we suggest that HY253 may be a potent chemotherapeutic hit compound for treating human liver cancer cells via up-regulation and activation of the p53 gene.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.433-437
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• 2010

In the course of screening for novel modulators of cell cycle progression and apoptosis as anticancer drug candidates, we generated an analog of sangivamycin, MCS-C2, which was elucidated as 4-amino-6-bromo-7-cyclopentyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide. In the present study, we evaluated the molecular mechanisms of MCSC2-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in A549 human lung cancer cells. To investigate the effects of MCS-C2 on cell cycle progression in A549 cells, we measured the DNA content of A549 cells treated with $5\;{\mu}M$ MCS-C2 using flow cytometry. The analysis revealed an appreciable $G_2$ phase arrest in treated cells. This event was associated with significant upregulation of p53 and $p21^{Cip1}$. In addition, the TUNEL assay was used to examine apoptotic induction in treated cells, and the effects of MCS-C2 on the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins were examined by Western blot. Apoptotic induction in MCS-C2-treated A549 cells was associated with cytochrome c release from mitochondria, which in turn resulted in the activation of caspase-9 and -3 and the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Based on these results, we conclude that MCS-C2 is a candidate therapeutic agent for the treatment of human lung cancer via upregulation and activation of p53.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.5139-5145
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• 2016

There has been an increment in the number of studies focused on marine bioactive materials. Many peptides and other biomaterials with anticancer potential have been extracted from various marine animals. Artemia extracts have found uses in sun-light protection cosmetics and anti-aging products. However, contents of biochemical compounds in Artemia spp. and molecular mechanisms of have not been clearly studied in leukemic cells in vitro. In this work, we isolated and purified proteins of Artemia Urmiana. Six clear fractions (A-F) observed on DEAE-cellulose chromatography were assayed for effects on cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis using the human leukemic HL-60 cell line. Cell proliferation analysis by MTT and BrdU assays indicated that did not affect cells, growth. Cells treated with crude extract and fractions A, B and C, but not E and F (up to $100{\mu}g/mL$), exhibited increase of cell growth in a dose dependent manner. Stimulatory effects of fraction D were observed at concentrations of $10{\mu}g/mL$ and above. In nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assays, treatment with $100{\mu}g/mL$ of fraction E or F for 96 hr increased the fraction of differentiated cells up to $14.8{\pm}3.56%$ and $16.5{\pm}2.08%$ respectively. Combination of those fractions with retinoic acid had significant synergistic effects on the differentiation of cells ($56.8{\pm}3.7%$ and $67.4{\pm}4.2%$, $p{\leq}0.01$). Annexin-V FITC staining for apoptosis and flow cytometric assays indicated induction of apoptosis by fractions E and F up to 23.8 and 31.8% of cells.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제8권9호
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• pp.783-790
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• 1998

용융점 및 물리.화학적 특성이 $\textrm{UO}_{2}$와 비슷한 yttria-stabilized-zirconia ($\textrm{ZrO}_{2}$-$\textrm{Y}_{2}\textrm{O}_{3}$)분말을 유도플라즈마(induction plasma)로 용융 침적시켜 원자력발전용 핵연료펠렛 제조공정에 응용하고자 하였다. 분말의 용융정도는 플라즈마동력 및 분말의 크기에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 쉬스가스 조성, 분말분사관 위치, 입자크기 및 분사거리 등을 최적화 하여 Ar/$\textrm{H}_{2}$유량120/20$\ell$/min, 플리즈마 동력 80KW, 분사관의위치 8cm , 챔버압력 200Torr, 분사거리 18cm에서 이론밀도의 97.91%, 침적속도 20mm/min의 최적조건을 도출하였다. 침적시험에서 도출된 최적조건으로 펠렛몰더에서 제조한 펠렛은 96.5%의 밀도를 나타내었으며, 균일도 및 외곤도 우수하여 신기술에 의한 핵연료의 제조가능성을 확인하였다. 고밀도 침적에 영향을 미치는 각 변수들의 영향과 이들 변수들의 상호영향은 ANOVA(Analysis of Variance)을 이용하여 분석하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.934-944
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• 2007

Fine suspended solids (SS) induced into a reservoir after flood events play important ecological and water quality roles by presenting persistent turbidity and attenuating light. Thus the origin and physical features must be characterized to understand their transport processes and associated impacts, and for the establishment of watershed based prevention strategies. This study was aimed to characterize the physical properties of the SS sampled from Daecheong Reservoir and its upstream rivers during flood events. Extensive field and laboratory experiments were carried out to identify the turbidity-SS relationships, particle size distributions, settling velocity, and mineral compositions of the SS. Results showed that the turbidity-SS relationships are site-specific depending on the locations and flood events in the system. The turbidity measured within the reservoir was much greater than that measured in the upstream rivers for the same SS value. The effective diameters ($D_{50}$) in the rivers were in the range of $13.3{\sim}54.3{\mu}m$, while those in the reservoir were reduced to $2.5{\sim}14.0{\mu}m$ due to a fast settling of large particles in the rivers. The major minerals consisting of the SS were found to be Illite, Muscovite, Albite, and Quartz both in the rivers and reservoir. Their apparent settling velocities at various locations in the reservoir were in the range of 0.06~0.13 m/day. The research outcome provides a fundamental information for the fine suspended particles that cause persistent turbidity in the reservoir, and can be used as basic parameters for modeling study to search watershed based optimal control measures.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2012

양전자 방출단층 촬영은 $^{18}F$-FDG 주사하고 1시간 후에 촬영한다. 하지만 장비의 결함 또는 예상하지 못한 상황으로 2-3시간정도 경과되어 촬영을 하는 경우가 발생한다. 이에 시간 흐름에 따라 획득된 영상에서 체내 부위별 표준화 섭취계수를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 정상기관 중 정상부위는 간(간우엽 중앙부), 지방(좌측 둔부), 폐(우측 상엽부), 대동맥(상행 대동맥)의 경우는 지연영상에서 크고 작은 감소가 나타났으며, 정상부위 중 유일하게 뼈(제 5요추 체부)에서 ${\Delta}$SUVmax 37%의 증가가 나타났다. 병소부위는 시간의 흐름에 따라 증가함을 보였으며 ${\Delta}$SUVmax는 37.6%증가로 나타났으며 병소의 섭취증가와 정상부위 섭취감소로 대조도의 차이가 커짐을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.203-213
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• 2005

Oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline and doxycycline in honey were separated by solid phase extraction (SPE) and determined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV/Visible detector. Analysis was carried out using following conditions: XTerra $C_8$ column $(3.9\times150mm\;i.d. 5{\mu}m)$, mobile phase composed of 0.01M oxalic acid : methanol : acetonitrile (820 : 80 : 100, v/v/v), isocratic pump at a flow rate of 0.9 ml/min. and $50{\mu}l$ of injection volume, UV/Visible detector with wavelength of 360nm. The calibration curves of four tetracyclines showed linearity $(\gamma^2>0.999)$ at concentration range of $100\~1,000 ng/ml$. The recoveries in fortified honey represented more than $70\%$ with low coefficient of variation $(<10\%)$ for concentration range of four tetracyclines. The detection limits for oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline and doxycycline were 13.8, 14.6, 26.2 and 24.9ng/g in acacia honey. respectively. We also monitored tetracyclines residue in domestic honey [n : 38, acacia (20), wild flower (18) ] and foreign honey [n=22, legally distributed (13), illegally distributed (9)] using modified Charm II screening and HPLC confirmation methods. Seven of the 60 samples $(11.7\%)$ were suspect positive using modified Charm II screening test. Chlortetracycline residue was found in one foreign honey (illegally distributed) tested at concentrations of 0.22 ppm. Conclusively, for more effective control of tetracyclines used in beekeeping should be further survey for residues in honey and also national guidelines (maximum residue limit : MRL) and methods should be obligatory.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.10-14
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• 2008

GaN nanowires는 수평 VPE법으로 합성 되었다. 본 실험에서는 source와 기판과의 거리가 합성된 GaN nanowires의 형상에 미치는 영향에 대하여 실험하였다. GaN nanowires는 $950^{\circ}C$ 온도에서 Ar 과 $NH_3$ 가스가 각각 1000, 50 sccm 의 유량에서 합성되었다. 합성된 GaN nanowires의 단면형태는 삼각형의 모양을 가졌으며, GaN nanowires의 길이는 200에서 500 nm 정도 였다. 합성된 GaN nanowires의 모양은 FESEM 으로 확인하였고, XRD 분석을 통하여 그 구조가 wurzite 구조인 것을 확인하였다. 또한, HRTEM 사진과 SAED 패턴을 통하여 합성된 GaN nanowires의 표면과 구조를 분석하였다. 성장된 GaN nanowires의 광학적 특성은 PL분석을 통하여 이루어졌다.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2002년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.133-138
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• 2002

A 3-D axisymmetric computer program is developed to predict the NO behavior in SNCR system for the stoker incinerator with the waste treatment capacity, 200ton/day. To this end a turbulent reacting flow field calculation is made using proper assumption and empiricism. The stoker bed is assumed to be a homogeneous waste-volatilized gaseous state. The initial composition or reactants are assumed based on the data of the ultimate analysis. Turbulent is resolved by k-e model and turbulent reaction is handled by eddy-breakup model harmonized with empirical chemistry data for gaseous combustion, NO and urea reaction. The liquid droplet is traced by Lagrangian method incorporated by aerodynamic drag, Coriolis and crntrifugal forces. Radiation is treated by sensible heat loss model. Calculation results are in good agreement with experimental data at the outlet of post combustion chamber in Daejon 4th industrial complex. The flue gas shows the temperature range of $900\sim1000^{\circ}C$, velocity of 5m/s and NO concentration of 140ppm at the exit while the measured temperature, flue gas velocity and NO concentration are $967^{\circ}C$, $3\sim4m/s$ and $100\sim200ppm$respectively. Using the developed computer program a parametric study has been made with the variation of heat content of waste, castable length and SNCR variables for the determination of proper injector location. In general, the calculated results are consistent and physically acceptable.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.172-182
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• 2013

In this study we consider a flow line CONWIP system in which two types of product are produced. The processing times of each product type at each station follow an independent exponential distribution and the demands for the finished products of each type arrive according to a Poisson process. The demands that are not satisfied instantaneously are either backordered or lost according to the number of unsatisfied demands that exist at their arrival instants. For this system we develop an approximation method to obtain the performance measures such as steady state probabilities of the number of parts of each product type at each station, mean waiting times of backordered demands and the proportion of backordered demands. For the analysis of the proposed CONWIP system, we model the CONWIP system as a two class closed queueing network with a synchronization station and analyze the closed queueing network using a product-form approximation method for multiple classes developed by Baynat and Dallery. In the approximation method, each subsystem is analyzed using a matrix geometric method. Comparisons with simulation show that the approximation method provides fairly good results for all performance measures.