• Title/Summary/Keyword: 3-D MUSIC

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A Case Study for Analysis on Present Condition and Cause of Indoor Noise in University Cafeteria (대학교 학생식당의 실내소음 실태 및 원인 분석 사례연구)

  • Choi, Yoon-Jung;Lee, Seon-A;Kim, Hye-Kyeong
    • Journal of the Korean housing association
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.85-91
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    • 2007
  • This is a case study for improving the sound environmental quality of cafeteria in university campus. The purpose of the study is to find out the present condition of physical level, type, and cause of indoor noise of cafeteria in university campus by comparison with a restaurant near campus. Research methods were field survey and questionnaire survey. Field survey was consisted of measurement on equivalent and instant noise level and observation on noise type. Respondents of questionnaire survey were 60 students using subject cafeteria or restaurant. Surveys were carried out in the 8th and in the 14th of December 2005. The results are as follows. 1) Indoor noise levels of the cafeteria were measured as $67.2{\sim}76.6$ (average 73.3) dB(A)Leq5min and $60.3{\sim}90.5$ (average 71.2) dB (A), exceeded the indoor noise recommended value of ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers). But noise levels of the restaurant were $61.6{\sim}70.4$ (average 66.9) dB(A)Leq5min and $59.8{\sim}70.6$ (average 64.9) dB(A). 2) The users's responses on major noise type in the cafeteria were 'noise by handling equipment and tableware', 'noise by moving chairs', and 'talcing noise', but 'taking noise' and 'background music' in the restaurant. 3) It was found that indoor noise level of the cafeteria was caused by sound reflection of finishing materials, noise diffusion by open type kitchen, and dragging noise of movable furniture.

Long Term Average Spectrum Characteristics of Head and Chest Register Sounds of Western Operatic Singers : Extended Study (성악다들의 목소리에 대한 Long Term Average Spectrum 분석 -$2^{nd}$ Singer's Formant의 존재 가능성에 대하여-)

  • Ban, Jae-Ho;Kwon, Young-Kyung;Jin, Sung-Min
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.31-36
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    • 2004
  • Background and Objectives : It has been shown that the epilaryngeal tube in the human airway is responsible for vocal ring, or the singer's formant. In previous study, authors showed that in trained tenors, besides the conventional singer's formant in the region of ,5500Hz, another energy peak was observed in the region of 8,000Hz. This peak was interpreted as the second resonance of the epilarynx tube. Singers in other voice categories who produce vocal ring are assumed to have the same peak, but no measurements have as yet been made. Materials and Methods : Fifteen tenors, fourteen baritones, seven sopranos and five mezzo sopranos attending the music college, department of vocal music who could reliably produce the head and chest registers were chosen for this study. Each subject was asked to produce an/ah/sound for at least three seconds for the head register sound(tenors ; G4, barions ; E4 sopranos ; F5 and mezzosopranos ; C5) and for the chest register sound (tenors ; C3, baritones ; D3, sopranos ; D4 and Mezzosoprano ; A3). The sound data was analyzed using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)-based power spectrum, Long term average(LTA) power spectrum using the FFT algorithm of the Computerized Speech Lab (CSL, Kay elemetrics, Model 4300B, USA). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test of the Statistical Package for Social sciences(SPSS). Results : For head register sounds, a significant increase was seen in the 2,200-3,400Hz region(p<0.05) and the Similar to the head register sounds, there was a significant increase in energy in the four trained singer group compared with the untrained group in the 2,200-3,100Hz region(p<0.05), the 7,800-8,400Hz region(p<0.05) for the chest register sounds. Conclusions : When good vocal production was made for the head and chest registers, an energy peak was observed near 2,500Hz, a frequency already known as the "singer's formant', in all subjects in the study group. Another region of increased energy was observed around 8,000Hz that had not been noticed previously. The authors believe this region to be the second singer's formant.

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A Study on Self-Expression Improvement of Children through Orff Activities (유아의 자기표현능력 증진을 위한 오르프 음악활동의 적용)

  • Kwon, Se mi
    • Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.55-80
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    • 2009
  • The objective of this study was to improve the self-expression of children through Orff activities. In this study, three (3) children from D day care center in Seoul who demonstrated withdrawn behaviors were chosen as research subjects, based on a self-expression test score of 50 points. The activities were conducted for 6 weeks, totaling fourteen (14) sessions, with each session being scheduled for forty (40) minutes. Across 14 sessions, the researcher conducted, analyzed and compared the self-expression scale of subjects, measured during the third and the last session. The researcher then qualitatively analyzed verbal and non-verbal self-expression behaviors of subjects by video recording the session. The analysis results shown by the study are as follows. First, the results of a quantitative analysis of the self-expression scale showed significant changes in self expression. Furthermore, the results of a qualitative analysis of verbal self-expression showed positive changes in self-perception and an increase in feelings of independence and activity than that of initial sessions.

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Stereo Sound Image Expansion Using Phase Difference and Sound Pressure Level Difference in Television (위상차와 음압 레벨차를 이용한 텔레비전에서의 스테레오 음상 확대)

  • 박해광;오제화
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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    • 1998.10a
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    • pp.1243-1246
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    • 1998
  • Three-dimensional(3-D) sound is a technique for generating or recreating sounds so they are perceived as emanating from locations in a three-dimensional space. Three dimensional sound has the potential of increasing the feeling of realism in music or movie soundtracks. Three-dimensional sound effects depend on psychoacoustic spectral and phase cues being presented in a reproduced signal. In this paper we propose an effective algorithm for the sound image expansion in television system using stereo image enhancement techniques. Compared to the other techniques of three-dimensional sound, the proposed algorithm use only two speakers to enhance the sound image expansion, while maintaining the original sound characteristics.

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Comparisons between Dancing Costumes Style of Kokurye and Han dynasty (漢代와 고구려의 長袖衣 무용복 비교)

  • 윤지원
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.50 no.5
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    • pp.41-52
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    • 2000
  • During the 3C(B.C.) and 2C(A.D.), there were large influx of variety of arts to Jin and Han dynasty such as music, dancing, and at performing from neighboring countries. It made a tremendous impact on the development of dancing an in Han dynasty. On the other hand, Kokurye people had also enjoyed their own singing and dancing culture (styles) for a long time. Han and Kokurye's dancing costumes were studied based on artifacts (data) such as wall paintings, clay doll, and other small paintings all from tombs in Han and Kokurye. A similarity was found between two dynasties' dancing costume, since both had tong sleeve dresses. However, the further detailed study showed that one can't simply say both are in the same style. For example, the dress in Han dynasty had a long length style of coat(深衣) covering all the way to feet, and there were round neckline coat(團領) and long Jacket(장유). In contrast, that of Kokurye had a shorter length in coat(直領) covering only up to calf of the leg or long jacket(장유).

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Content-based music retrieval using temporal characteristics (Temporal 특성을 이용한 내용기반 음악 정보 검색)

  • Park Chuleui;Park Mansoo;Kim Sungtak;Kim Hoi-Rin;Kang Kyeongok
    • Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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    • autumn
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    • pp.299-302
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    • 2004
  • 본 논문에서는 내용 기반 음악 정보 검색에 음악의 temporal 특징을 이용한 검색 방법을 제안한다. 방송환경에 적용하기 위해 검색 범위를 드라마나 영화의 배경 음악으로 사용되는 OST 앨범으로 제한하였다. 오디오의 특징 벡터로써 UFCC(Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient)를 사용하였으며 이 특징 벡터를 이용하여 VQ(Vector Quantization)로 부호화한 codeword로 오디오 신호의 시변 특성을 표현한다. 본 논문에서는 제안한 음악의 temporal 특성을 반영한 codeword-sequence를 이용하는 방법을 pitch-histogram을 기반으로 하는 방법 및 MFCC codeword-histogram을 기반으로 하는 방법과 비교하고 성능 개선을 보여주었다.

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A Multi-Modal Complex Motion Authoring Tool for Creating Robot Contents

  • Seok, Kwang-Ho;Kim, Yoon-Sang
    • Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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    • v.13 no.6
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    • pp.924-932
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    • 2010
  • This paper proposes a multi-modal complex motion authoring tool for creating robot contents. The proposed tool is user-friendly and allows general users without much knowledge about robots, including children, women and the elderly, to easily edit and modify robot contents. Furthermore, the tool uses multi-modal data including graphic motion, voice and music to simulate user-created robot contents in the 3D virtual environment. This allows the user to not only view the authoring process in real time but also transmit the final authored contents to control the robot. The validity of the proposed tool was examined based on simulations using the authored multi-modal complex motion robot contents as well as experiments of actual robot motions.

Music Bank of 3D Sound (입체음향을 구현하는 뮤직뱅크)

  • 김천덕;박만곤
    • Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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    • 2002.11b
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    • pp.377-380
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    • 2002
  • 멀티미디어 시대에서 중요한 기술 중에 한 부분인 디지털 컨텐츠 제작 및 처리부분이 있을 것이다. 최근 가장 급성장하고 발전하고 있는 인터넷 관련 하드웨어 기술과 소프트웨어 기술에서 디지털 영상을 처리하는 기술은 급격히 증가하고 있으며 이러한 발전은 디지털 사운드 기술개발에도 많은 발전이 필요하고 계속해서 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 인터넷이라는 매체를 통한 디지털 컨텐츠 서비스분야는 급격히 증가하고 있으며 사회에서는 더욱더 좋은 양질의 컨텐츠 서비스를 원하고 있다. 인터넷 사용자들은 2채널 스테레오 음질에서 만족하지 않고 영화에서 느낄 수 있는 입체음향 5.1채널의 고음질을 원하고 있으며 이러한 입체음향을 서비스를 받기 위해서는 하드웨어 시설을 갖추어야 하는 단점이 있다. 이번 입체음향을 구현하는 뮤직뱅크는 하드웨어시설을 최소화한 상태에서 2개의 스피커에서 입체음향을 느낄 수 있는 기술이 될 것이며 양질의 디지털 사운드 서비스에 크게 기여할 수 있는 점이 중요한 목적이라고 하겠다.

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Digital Watermarking Using Psychoacoustic Model

  • Poomdaeng, S.;Toomnark, S.;Amornraksa, T.
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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    • 2002.07b
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    • pp.872-875
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    • 2002
  • A digital watermarking technique applying psychoacoustic model for audio signal is proposed in this paper. In the watermarking scheme, the pseudo-random bit stream used as a watermark signal is embedded into the audio signal in both speech and music. The strength of the embedded signal is subject to the human auditory system in such a way that the disturbances on host audio signal are beyond the sensing of human ears. The experimental results show that the quality of the watermarked audio signal, in term of signal to noise ratio, can be improved up to 3.2 dB.

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Issues in Localising 3D Sound in Space Using Head- Related Transfer Functions (머리전달함수를 이용한 공간 음상 정위의 문제점 고찰)

  • Cheung Wan-Sup;Hwang Shin;Lee Jeung-Hoon;Kyun Hyu-Sang
    • Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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    • spring
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    • pp.149-152
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    • 1999
  • This paper addresses major issues in localising sound sources in space using the experimental data set of head-related responses in the time or frequency domain. They come from the technical realisation steps for implementing the convolution of HRIR's with sound sources, the cross-talk cancellation for transaural filtering, the matched time delay compensation, etc. in real, those technical matters seem to be minor because they can be realised in off-line signal processing schemes. This paper puts much emphasis on what we misunderstood about the sets of HRTF's or HRIR's, More specifcaily, the sets of HRTF's or HRIR's of course supply relevant information to sound localisation but include much useless 'rubbish' that have made for us to fail to put spatial image into real souno signals such as voices and music's. This paper proposes possible reasons for such failure and, furthermore, introduces detained subjects that should be challenged so as to resolve them.

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