• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1159-1164
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• 1998

Background: Although operative outcome is progressing due to the development of operative techniques and myocardial protection, some patients face an increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it has become increasingly important to predict the operative morbidity and mortality. Material and Method: This retrospective study reports the results of risk factor analysis of morbidity and mortality of 137 consecutive patients who were underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery(CABG). Preoperative variables were age, sex, preoperative myocardial infarction, operative priority, left ventricular ejection fraction, obesity and triple vessel disease. Postoperative morbidities were arrhythmia, wound infection, cerebral infarction, prolonged postoperative hospitalization, pneumonia, acute renal failure, prolonged use of ventilator and operative death. Result: The mean age of total patients was 56.7 years, from 27 to 74. The overall mortality was 6.6%(9 of 137) with the mortality of 3.9%(5 of 128) for elective operation, and 44.4%(4 of 9) for emergent or urgent cases. The morbidity of patients over 65 years was stastistically higher than that of under 65 years. Sex distribution showed no difference in morbidity, however operative mortality rate was slightly higher in women (5/41, 12.19%) than in men(4/96, 4.17%). Morbidity of emergent or urgent operation was 100%, much higher than that of the elective operation. Mortality of the patients whose left ventricular ejection fraction was under 50% was higher than that of those over 50%. Conclusion: We concluded that the risk factors of morbidity after CABG were old age above 65 years and emergent or urgent operation, and that risk factors of mortality were low left venticular ejection fraction under 50% and emergent or urgent operation.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 1999

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the seroepidemiology of hepatitis A and hepatitis B in Korean children. Methods: 801 children aged 6 to 12 years were enrolled. IgG antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), and IgG antibody to HBc (anti-HBc) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results: Of the 801 children, the seroprevalence of anti-HAV was 0%. Three (0.4%) were seropositive for HBsAg. The seroprevalence of anti-HBs was 61.8%. Two (0.4%) of 495 anti-HBs positive subjects were positvie for anti-HBc. Of the 801 children, 658 (82.1%) had received hepatitis B vaccination. Conclusions: Since natural anti-HAV is not acquired in the childhood, the outbreak of hepatitis A is possible in adolescents and young adults. The decrease in seroprevalence of HBsAg and the increase in seroprevalence of anti-HBs might result from hepatitis B vaccination program in childhood.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2003

Purpose : This study was performed to determine the natural history of histologically confirmed IgA nephropathy in pediatric patients who presented with hematuria and proteinuria. Patients and Methods : We reviewed the clinical course of 57 patients diagnosed with IgA nephropathy at the age of 15 years or younger from 1981 to 2000. All patients presented with hematuria or minimal proteinuria($<40\;mg/m^2/day$) and had normal renal function and blood pressure at the time of renal biopsy. Based on the clinical and pathological findings at the time of diagnosis, we sought for complications of IgA nephropathy such as heavy proteinuria(${\ge}40\;mg/m^2/day$), hypertension, and chronic renal failure. Results : The mean age at presentation was $9.5{\pm}2.8$ years(4 to 15 years) and 42(74%) were male. Isolated gross hematuria was observed in 20 patients(35%), microscopic hematuria in 3(5%), minimal proteinuria in 4(7%), both gross hematuria and minimal proteinuria in 15(26%), and both microscopic hematuria and minimal proteinuria in 15(26%). During a median follow-up of $7.0{\pm}3.5$ years, 38(67%) had complete resolution of hematuria and proteinuria, 12(21%) had persistently abnormal urinalysis without development of adverse events. Only 7(12%) developed adverse events : 4(7%) developed severe proteinuria, 1(2%) became hypertensive, and 2(3%) developed Impaired renal function. By univariate analysis using the chisquare test, the age at presentation(>10 years)(P<0.01) and poor histological classes of the Lee or Haas classification at onset(P<0.05) were significantly correlated with adverse events, whereas sex and clinical signs at onset were less concordant. Conclusion : We can conclude that the prognosis of IgA nephropathy diagnosed in early childhood is better and a good correlation exists between the clinical manifestations of this disease and the histological classes.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.318-331
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• 2021

This study was conducted on the assumption that bone age would be more effective when it comes to physique and physical fitness assessment for adolescents, and the purpose of this study was to identify the differences in physique and physical fitness for students in their adolescence through bone age and chronological age in order to contribute to the well-balanced physique and physical fitness development in adolescents and the health improvement in students. Total 874 adolescents(483 males, 391 females) aged 11~16 were selected as subjects out of the total population of 1100 adolescents aged 6~16 based on the PAPS(Physical Activity Promotion System) and age standards of the TW3 method; and skeletal maturation, which symbolize the indicators of biological maturation, were evaluated by using the TW3(Tanner-Whitehouse 3) method after hand-wrist radiographs, and birth date was used for chronological age. A stadiometer and InBody 270 (Biospace, Korea) were used to measure 2 components in physique. A total of 7 components in physical fitness, which included muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, power, cardiovascular endurance, balance, agility, were measured as well. A independent samples t-test was conducted for data processing using SPSS 25.0, and the significance level was set at p< .05. The study results are as follows. First, bone age and chronological age used for physique comparison in males aged 11 and 12, height and weight showed significant difference; in males aged 13, weight showed signicant difference. Weight and height in females aged 11, and height in females aged 12 showed significant difference. Second, bone age and chronological age used for physical fitness comparison in males aged 11, muscular strength, power, flexibility, cardiovascular endurance showed significant difference; in males aged 12, muscular strength. power, cardiovascular endurance; in males aged 13, flexibility showed significant difference. Muscular strength, power, flexibility, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance in females aged 11, and flexibility in females aged 14 showed significant difference. As a result, this study concluded that in a period of rapid skeletal growth, evaluating physique and physical fitness based on bone age is more accurate than evaluating based on chronological age.

• Monthly Korean Chicken
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• v.6 no.10 s.64
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• pp.2-7
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• 2000

정부, 닭고기 수출지원 검토 - ND, 마이코플라즈마 백신지원등 내년도 양계방역예산 크게 확대 - 한국가금학회 추계산학협동 심포지움 개최 - 농업 기자재 부가세 영세율 적용 3년간 연장 - 일본, 올해 닭고기 수요 1백 74만 7천톤으로 전망 - 브라질, 올해 상반기 닭고기 수출량 증가 - 북한에서 가축과 사료원료의 현황 - 닭고기 수입에 따른 피해액 연간 6백40억원 - 중국산 닭고기 수입 계속 늘어

• Digital Contents
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• no.12 s.151
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• pp.108-113
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• 2005

일본 JAMMA(Japan Amusement Machinery Manufacturers Association)의 발표에 따르면, 2005년 일본 아케이드게임의 전체 시장 규모는 <표1>과 같이 전년 대비 7.2% 감소한 1조7,498억엔을 기록, 3년 연속감소세를 나타나고 있다. 이처럼 아케이드게임 시장 규모가 급격히 감소하고 있는 가운데 오히려 크게 성장하고 있는 아케이드게임의 네트워크화에 대해서는 눈여겨 볼 필요가 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1993.11a
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• pp.7-7
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• 1993

1989년 3월 Pons와 Fleischmann 두 전기화학자에 의하여 상온핵융합의 결과라고 주장된 연구발표가 있은 지 4년 반이 훨씬 지난 현재까지도 이 현상의 진위에 관한 논란은 계속되고 있다. 대부분의 학자(특히 고온 핵융합 물리학자)들은 이 현상의 가능성을 부정적으로 보고 있으나, 일부 연구그룹 (특히 일본을 중심으로 한) 에서는 꾸준히 연구를 계속해 오고 있으며, 이 Topic에 관하여 그동안 세 차례나 국제학술대회가 개최되었다. (중략)

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.92-101
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dental caries prevalence and occlusion pattern of children with deciduous dentition in Chonnam seashore area. Two thousand two hundred seventy two kindergarten children ranged 3 to 5 years of age were examined. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The rate of children with caries experience(dmf rate) in deciduous teeth was 66.8% at 3 years of age, 77.7% at 4 years of age, and 83.5% at 5 years of age and showed no significant gender differences(p>0.05). 2. The mean number of decayed, missing, filled deciduous teeth(dmft index) was 3.62 at 3 years of age, 4.73 at 4 years of age, and 5.96 at 5 years of age and showed no significant gender differences(p>0.05). 3. Most of the caries-prevailed tooth was mandibular 2nd primary molar and showed 39.48% at 3 years of age, 49.73% at 4 years of age, and 63.85% at 5 years of age. 4. The caries-experienced teeth in order were as follows : mandibular 2nd primary molar with 52.34%, mandibular 1st primary molar with 45.61%, maxillary 2nd primary molar with 38.81%, and maxillary primary central incisor with 38.86%, respectively. 5. In sagittal primary molar relationship, Class 1 occlusion pattern was 53.26%, Class 2 pattern was 1.41% and Class 3 pattern was 30.02%, respectively. Right Class 2 and Left Class 3 pattern was not observed.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 2005

Purpose : Children occupy a large proportion of burn victims. So we want to aid to pediatric burn care through the understanding of the bacterial distribution in burn wounds and antibiotic susceptibility against isolated microorganisms from burn wounds. Methods : We analysed the medical records of 213 pediatric burn patients(0~15 years), 406 samples that grew bacteria in burn wound sites. Results : Of the total 213 patients, male were 59.6% and female were 40.4%. Scalding burn was the most common(78.4%), flame burn was the second(16.4%). Pathogens were isolated in 406 samples. The most common was Pseudomonas aeruginosa(58.1%). Next were Enterococcus species, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus species, Acinetobacter species. P. aeruginosa was resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in 100%, cephalothin in 98.1%, ampicillin-sulbactam in 96.2%, ampicillin in 95.3%, ceftriaxone in 95.2%, tobramycin in 93.7%, cefoperazone in 68.9%, ceftazidime in 67.7%. Enterococcus species were resistant to tetracycline in 63.9%, streptomycin in 45.5%, gentamicin in 36.1%, penicillin G in 13.7%. S. aureus was resistant to gentamicin in 89.7%, tetracycline in 86.2%, ciprofloxacin in 86.2%, penicillin G in 84.3%, oxacillin in 78.4%, erythromycin in 76.5%. Acinetobacter species were resistant to ampicillin-sulbactam in 100%, gentamicin in 85.7%, ampicillin in 83.3%, piperacillin in 61.5%. Conclusion : P. aeruginosa was highly resistant to drugs like cefoperazone in 68.9%, ceftazidime 67.7%. S. aureus was highly resistant to penicillin G in 84.3%, oxacillin in 25.9 %, but none to vancomycin in 0%, teicoplanin in 2.2%. According to the study, Acinetobacter species turned out to be multi-resistant strains, so careful attention must be paid to the choice of antibiotics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.391-392
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• 2022

탄소중립도시 실현을 위해 내연기관의 폐지를 주장하고 있지만, 현재 자동차세금 구조를 유지하면서 친환경자동차 목표량을 달성한다면 2020년 세수 16.7조원에서 2050년에는 1.4조원으로 약 15.3조원이 감소될 것으로 추정하고 있다. 따라서, 탄소배출 특성 및 자동차세 현황 등을 분석하여 비연소성 배출가스와 상관성이 높은 차량 중량과 차량가를 기반으로 자동차세 개선방안을 제시하였다.