• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.39-54
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• 2000

Presented in this paper is a modeling and simulation methodology for 3 dimensional man-made systems. Based on DEVS(discrete event system specification) formalism[13], we propose GK-DEVS (geometrical and kinematic DEVS) formalism to describe the geometrical and kinematic structure and continuous state dynamics. To represent geometry and kinematics, we add a hierarchical structure to the conventional atomic model. In addition, we employ the "empty event" and its external event function for continuous state changing. In terms of abstract simulation algorithm[13], the simulation method of GK-DEVS, named GK-Simulator, is proposed for combined discrete-continuous simulation. Using GK-DEVS, the simulation of an FMS(flexible manufacturing system) consisting of a luring machine, a 3-axis machine and a RGV-mounted robot has been peformed.en peformed.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2011년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.821-832
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• 2011

Recently, the noise of vehicle is the one of the key factors for customers to purchase a vehicle and the most important part which is related to the noise is the exhaust system. Thus, car makers have their own ways to assess this exhaust noise not only to decrease the level of noise but to enhance the feeling of it. Typically, to do these things in the early stage of development, the tuning code of the exhaust system has to be made by CAE tool, which is very reliable but expensive, and the prototype parts of this code would be made for the validation test. Then this process can be iterated to meet the target of the performance. In this study, a new algorithm which adapts the '3 dimensional convective sound wave theory 'and 'Doppler effect' has been developed. With this new algorithm, a brand new system for the calculation of tail pipe noise has been developed and validated by acoustic wind tunnel test. As a result of this study, various comparisons and have been carried out, for example, the comparison with other CAE tool has been performed for the validity and the improvement of the new calculation code could be achieved.

• 대한심미치과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2004

For the prosthodontic results which are compatible with esthetics to be fulfilled, the first prerequisite would be periodontal intervention and stability, the second one may be functional competency and the ultimate goal should be ascribed to esthetic considerations. Other words, esthetic dentistry is a whole entity which encompasses the biological stability of the periodontium, physical accuracy of the prosthodontic structure and finally, the beauty which can be found in natural dentition. It also implies the harmonized lip line which reveals the well-balanced tooth morphology and health gum profiles (Red-White Esthetics). Largely, there lie some differences in the input system of the 3-dimentional data from the prepared abutments between respective computer-assisted systems available now. But the manufacturing systems (CAM) are very similar between them, to say, comprise numeric control systems with whole 3-dimensional milling units according to the restorations to be made. Now the author is going to present CAD/CAM Zirconia All Ceramic Restoration on the topics for the Red-White Esthetics, periodontal control and maintenance, treatment for the discolored teeth, post & core build-up works for the devitalized teeth, characteristics of the Zirconium oxide All Ceramics, fabrication procedures, clinical considerations and its application to diverse clinical situations.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.357-360
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• 1997

For medical students and doctors, knowledge of the 3-dimensional (3D) structure of the heart is very important in diagnosis and treatment of the heart diseases. 2-dimensional (2D) tools (e.g. anatomy book) or classical 3D tools (e.g. plastic model) are not sufficient or understanding the complex structures of the heart. Moreover, it is not always guaranteed to dissect the heart of cadaver when it is necessary. To overcome this problem, virtual dissection systems of the heart have been developed. But these systems are not satisfactory since they are made of radiographs; they are not true 3D images; they can not be used to dissect freely; or they can only be operated on the workstation. It is also necessary to make the dissection systems incorporating the various races and tribes because of the organ's difference according to race and tribe. This study was intended to make the 3D image of the heart from a Korean cadaver, and to establish a virtual dissection system of the heart with a personal computer. The procedures or manufacturing this system were as follows. 1. The heart from a Korean adult cadaver was embedded with gelatin solution, and serially cross-sectioned at 1mm-thickness on a meat slicer. Pictures or 153 cross-sectioned specimens were inputted into the computer using a digital camera ($756{\times}504$ resolution, true color). 2. The alignment system was established by means of the language of IDL, and applied to align 2D images of the heart. In each of 2D images, closed curves lining clean and dirty blood pathways were drawn manually on the CorelDRAW program. 3. Using the language of IDL, the 3D image and the virtual dissection system of the heart were constructed. The virtual dissection system of the heart allowed or ree rotation, any-directional sectioning, and selected visualization of the heart's structure. This system is expected to become more advanced, and to be used widely through Internet or CD-title as an educational tool for medical students and doctors.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.259-265
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• 2014

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to develop a dental image processing system using a three-dimensional (3D) camera and stereovision technology. The reliability of the system for measuring axial wall convergence angles was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The new system predicted 3D coordinate points from 2D images and calculated distances and angles between points. Two examiners measured axial wall convergence angles for seven artificial abutments using a traditional tracing-based method (TBM) and the stereovision-based method (SVBM). Five wax abutment models of simplified abutment forms were made and axial wall convergence angles of wax models were measured by both methods. The data were statistically analyzed at the level of significance, 0.05. RESULTS. Intraclass correlation coefficients showed excellent intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliabilities for both methods. Bland-Altman plots and paired t-tests showed significant differences between measurements and true values using TBM; differences were not significant with SVBM. CONCLUSION. This study found that the SVBM reflected true angle values more accurately than a TMB and illustrated an example of 3D computer science applied to clinical dentistry.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2004

A CCD camera with a laser stripe was applied to realize the automatic weld seam tracking in GMAW. It takes relatively long time to process image on-line control using the basic Hough transformation, but it has a tendency of robustness over the noises such as spatter and arc tight. For this reason, it was complemented with adaptive Hough transformation to have an on-line processing ability for scanning specific weld points. The adaptive Hough transformation was used to extract laser stripes and to obtain specific weld points. The 3-dimensional information obtained from the vision system made it possible to generate the weld torch path and to obtain the information such as width and depth of weld line. In this study, a neural network based on the generalized delta rule algorithm was adapted for the process control of GMA, such as welding speed, arc voltage and wire feeding speed.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

영상레이더(SAR)에서 인공표적에 대한 모델링은 주로 3차원 CAD(Computer Aided Design) 모델의 면(face) 및 모서리(edge)에서 반사되는 레이더 신호를 광선추적(ray-tracing) 방식으로 시뮬레이션하고 있고, 지구 표면의 클러터(clutter)에 대한 모델링은 영상레이더 이미지 자체에 대한 통계학적(statistical) 분석을 통해 분포(distribution) 특성이 유사한 종류들을 구분하는 방식을 사용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 지상의 인공표적 및 지표면의 배경 클러터를 3차원 점구름(point cloud) 산란점(scatterer point) 모델로 만들고 두 개의 모델이 통합된 상황에서 계산적(computational)인 신호처리 과정을 통해 영상 레이더 이미지를 생성하였으며, 이것을 실제 차량탑재형 영상레이더 시스템의 스트립맵(stripmap) 이미지 생성 결과 및 전자기적(EM) 모델링 또는 통계학적 분포 모델을 사용하여 분석한 결과와 유사한 지 비교해 보았다. 모델링 대상은 지상의 인공표적인 교량(다리)을 선정 했는데, 그 이유는 교량의 경유 주변에 수면과 지면이 같이 존재하는 특성이 있고 또한 군사용 및 민간용 활용에서 모두 관심이 많은 표적이기 때문이다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2006

최근 들어 항공 라이다 데이터를 도시모델링에 활용하려는 많은 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 도시모델을 구성하는 인공 구조물을 효율적으로 추출하기 위해서는 측정된 3차원 점의 집합으로부터 평면패치를 자동으로 추출하는 것이 중요하다. 평면 패치의 자동 추출에 대한 상당한 연구가 수행되었지만 아직도 추출의 정확도와 완전성 및 계산의 효율성 측면에서 만족할 만한 결과를 얻지 못하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 항공 라이다 측량으로 취득된 3차원 점의 집합을 자동으로 분할하여 표면패치를 구성하는 효율적인 방법의 개발을 목표로 한다. 제안된 방법은 3차원 점간의 인접성을 수립하고, 소량의 인접점을 그룹핑하여 초기패치를 생성하고, 이를 성장시켜 표면패치를 생성하는 과정으로 구성된다. 제안된 방법은 패치를 성장시키는 과정에서 통계적 분석에 기반하여 가변적으로 설정되는 임계값을 이용하여 분할 결과의 질을 향상시키고, Priority Heap과 순차적최소제곱법에 기반한 효율적인 계산 방법을 사용하였다는 점이 특징적이다. 제안된 방법을 다양한 실측 라이다 데이터에 적용하여 성능을 검증하였다. 제안한 분할 방법을 통해 대용량 3차원 점으로 구성되는 라이다 데이터는 명시적이고 강인한 표현 형태인 표면 패치의 집합으로 변환될 수 있었다. 이러한 중간 변환 과정을 통해 빌딩 추출과 같은 객체 인식의 문제를 효과적으로 해결할 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Geomatics
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2002

LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) system has a profound impact on geoinformatics. The laser mapping system is now recognized as being a viable system to produce the digital surface model rapidly and efficiently. Indeed the number of its applications and users has grown at a surprising rate in recent years. Interest is now focused on the reconstruction of buildings in urban areas from LiDAR data. Although with present technology objects can be extracted and reconstructed automatically using LiDAR data, the quality issue of the results is still major concern in terms of geometric accuracy. It would be enormously beneficial to the geoinformatics industry if geometrically accurate modeling of topographic surface including man-made objects could be produced automatically. The objectives of this study are to reconstruct buildings using airborne LiDAR data and to evaluate accuracy of the result. In these regards, firstly systematic errors involved with ALS (Airborne Laser Scanning) system are introduced. Secondly, the overall LiDAR data quality was estimated based on the ground check points, then classifying the laser points was performed. In this study, buildings were reconstructed from the classified as building laser point clouds. The most likely planar surfaces were estimated by the least-square method using the laser points classified as being planes. Intersecting lines of the planes were then computed and these were defined as the building boundaries. Finally, quality of the reconstructed building was evaluated.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.176-182
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• 1998

시추공 레이다 반사법 탐사는 기반암 하부에 대한 고해상도 영상을 얻을 수 있으나, 그 원리상 반사층의 방위각 정보의 획득이 불가능하기 때문에 감지된 지하 불균질대가 시추공을 중심으로 어느 방향에 위치하는가를 알 수가 없다는 문제가 있다. 반사층의 방위각 정보의 획득을 위하여, 방향탐지 안테나를 이용한 탐사가 이용된다. 그러나 지금까지 사용되고 있는 방향탐지 안테나 탐사자료의 해석 방법은 시간이 많이 걸릴 뿐만 아니라, 때로는 해석에 있어서 오류를 유발할 가능성까지 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 반사층의 방위각을 자동 결정할 수 있는 방법을 개발하였다. 알고리듬은 최소자승 오차의 개념 하에서 최대 또는 최소진폭을 나타낼 수 있는 전자파의 입사각을 결정함에 그 원리를 두고 있다. 새로이 개발된 알고리듬을 이용하여 석산자원탐사 목적으로 수행된 탐사자료의 방위각 영상을 작성하였으며, 이를 통하여 거의 대부분의 반사층의 방위각에 대한 정보를 획득할 수 있었다. 지질조사 결과 확인된 단층 및 암맥, 그리고 지표에 인위적으로 존재하는 채석단면의 위치 등의 알려진 구조의 위치와, 방향탐지 안테나 영상에서 확인된 방위각과 매우 잘 일치하고 있음이 확인되었으며, 이러한 사실은 본 연구에서 개발된 방위각 자동 결정 알고리듬의 정확성을 대변하여 주고 있다.