• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2008

Antimicrobial activity of Zanthoxylum piperitum was investigated against Streptococcus mutans that causes dental caries. Although the methylene chloride extract of seeds exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than other organic solvent extracts, including methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane extracts of pericarps or seeds of Z. piperitum, essential oils prepared from both seeds and pericarps possessed more potent inhibitory activity than the methylene chloride extract of seeds. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the essential oils of seeds and pericarps were 0.3 mg/ml and 4.0 mg/ml against S. mutans, respectively. When the seed essential oil was further separated into seven fractions (CS-SD-A${\sim}$CS-SD-G) by thin layer chromatography (TLC), all fractions exhibited lower antimicrobial activity than the essential oil. To understand the antimicrobial ingredients of Z. piperitum, seeds the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data of the methylene chloride extract of seeds was compared with those of the seed essential oil (CS-SD). Whereas the methylene chloride extract of seeds contained carvacrol (0.24%), ${\beta}$-caryophyllene (1.72%), and ${\alpha}$-humulene (0.88%), which were previously known to inhibit growth of S. mutans, the seed essential oil contained sabinene (1.57%), linalool (1.55%), citronellal (13.67%), terpinene-4-ol (0.45%), citronellol (3.69%), geraniol (0.9%), linalyl acetate (1.35%), ${\beta}$-caryophyllene (1.35%), ${\alpha}$-humulene (0.78%), and ${\delta}$-cadinene (0.67%) in this regard. These results indicate that Z. piperitum seeds possess various inhibitory substances against S. mutans, and an effective method to isolate the active ingredients from the seeds is to prepare the essential oil. These results also suggest that the essential oil of Z. piperitium seeds may be applicable to preventing dental caries.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.238-244
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• 2008

The essential oil was obtained from the aerial part of Caryopteris incana Miq. by steam distillation, samples were collected by headspace (HS) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) methods, and the compositions of the essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). The fragrance of the essential oil was fougere and woody. There were sixty-nine constituents in the essential oil: 28 carbohydrates, 22 alcohols, 7 acetates, 7 ketones, 3 aldehydes, and 2 others. Major constituents were 4,6,6-trimethyl [1S-($1{\alpha},2{\beta},5{\alpha}$)]-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-ol (11.8%), taucadinol (9.4%), myrtenyl acetate (9.2%), pinocarvone (7.0%), 1-hydroxy-1,7-dimethyl-4-isopropyl-2,7-cyclodecadiene (6.3%), ${\delta}$-3-carene (6.2%). By SPME extraction, forty-nine constituents were identified: 22 hydrocarbons, 16 alcohols, 6 acetates, 3 ketones, and 2 ethers. Major constituents of the SPME-extracted sample were ${\delta}$-3-carene (12.6%), (-)-myrtenyl acetate (11.2%), 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylene-bicycol [3.1.1] heptan-3-o1 (10.9%), pinocarvone (9.3%). By HS extraction, ten constituents were identified: 5 hydrocarbons, 2 amines, 1 alcohol, and 2 others. Major constituents of the HS-extracted sample were (Z)-2-fluoro-2-butene (34.9%), ${\delta}$-3-carene (6.9%), 6-(4-chlorophenul)tetrahydro-2-methyl-2H-1,2-oxazine (5.9%). The $IC_{50}$ value (0.011 ${\mu}g/mg$) in MTT assay using HaCaT keratinocyte cell line was lower than those of commercially-selling rosemary and tea tree, suggesting more toxicological studies are needed for commercial use of the essential oil of Caryopteris incana Miq.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.4 s.71
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• pp.548-552
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• 2005

Volatile fragrance components in 5 kinds of Korean native Lilium were investigated and compared. The volatile components were extracted by SDE (simultaneous steam distillation and extraction) and identified by CC and GC-MS. As a result of the analysis of volatile aromatic ingredient of L. leichtlinii var. tigrinum Nickels., L. concolor var. parthneion Bak., L. tsingtauense Gilg., L. hansonii Leichtl., and L. amabile Palibin., using frozen materials, 60 kinds of volatile compound were identified, which were 28 aldehydes, 9 ketones, 8 alcohols, 5 esters, 5 acids, 3 furans and 2 others. The GC patterns of the aroma components of all samples resembled but the peak areas were different according to species, though all of them are Korean native Liliums.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.155-159
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• 2019

As a part of improving the quality for the fraction of the waste plastics pyrolysis oil (WPPO), the recovery of paraffin components contained in the fraction was investigated by dimethylformamide (DMF) equilibrium extraction. The fraction of a distilling temperature of $120{\sim}350^{\circ}C$ recovered from WPPO by the simple distillation and the aqueous solution of DMF were used as a raw material and solvent, respectively. The concentrations of paraffin components ($C_{12}$, $C_{14}$, $C_{16}$ and $C_{18}$) contained in the raffinate decreased by increasing the mass fraction of water in the solvent at an initial state ($y_{w,0}$), whereas, the concentrations of paraffin components contained in the raffinate increased by increasing the mass ratio of the solvent to the feed at an initial state $(S/F)_0$. The concentrations of $C_{12}$, $C_{14}$, $C_{16}$ and $C_{18}$ paraffin components present in the raffinate recovered at $(S/F)_0=10$ were about 1.37, 2.0, 2.46 and 3.16 times higher than those of the raw materials, respectively. Recovery rates (residue rates present in raffinate) of paraffin components rapidly increased with increasing $y_{w,0}$, and decreasing $(S/F)_0$. The raffinate recovered through this study was expected to be used as a renewable energy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.03b
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• pp.21-21
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• 2010

현재 시대에는 자원의 부족으로 인하여 원재료의 낮은 등급을 정제하는 것이 중요하다. 자기분리 기술이 산업 계 원재료들의 정제에 적용되는 것이 기대된다. 예를 들면 고순도의 유리나 절연체를 제작하기 위한 원재료에서 철산화물의 제거는 매우 중요하다. 자기를 띠는 입자들과 자기분리 필터 와이어 사이에 발생하는 끌어당기는 힘은 다른 자기분리와 비교 할 때 초전도 자기분리에서 훨씬 강하다. 초전도 마그네트를 이용하여 높은 자기장을 형성하기 때문에 일반 자기분리의 자성 입자 포획력을 능가한다. 본 연구에서는 습식 조건에서 산업계 원재료로부터 철계 산화물을 제거하기 위해서 초전도 자기문리를 사용하여 실험하였다. 실험에 사용된 시료는 유리원료로 사용되는 2종류로 시료A는 0.1 ~ 0.3 mm의 평균입도를 갖는 모래형상이며 시료B는 평균입도 0.03 ~ 0.1 mm의 고운모래 형태이다. 자기분리를 위해 상온에서 100 mm의 직경을 갖는 600 mm의 높이의 전도냉각형 Nb-Ti 초전도 마그네트를 사용하였으며 시료를 위에서 공급하고 아래로 배출되도록 수직형으로 설치하였다. 시료 500 g과 증류수 2 L를 혼합하여 교반시키고 6 T의 자기장 하에서 실험하였다. 자기분리 필터는 초전도 마그네트에서의 자기장의 분포를 해석하여 디자인하였다. 자기분리 필터의 자기적 특성을 알아보기 위해 진동시료형 자력계를 사용하였다. 산업계 원재료는 X선 형광분석기를 사용하여 성분을 분석하였다. 산업계 원재료를 이용하여 초전도 자기분리를 실시한 결과 철계 산화물은 시료A에서 43.5 %제거되었으며 시료B에서는 77.3%제거되었다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.77-77
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• 2018

미역의 뿌리부분인 미역귀에는 알긴산과 후코이단 성분이 풍부하고 고혈압과 당뇨등과 같은 성인병을 예방하는데 도움이 된다. 후코이단은 미역과 다시마 같은 갈조류에서 추출된 천연물질로 특히 면역력을 활성화하고 항암작용으로 잘 알려져 있다. 알긴산 등 유용성분이 함유된 것으로 알려진 미역귀의 유용성분을 분석하여, 향후 미역귀를 활용한 제품개발의 기초자료를 제공하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 미역귀는 2015년 12월 완도 금일수산에서 제공받아 연구재료로 활용하였다. AOAC방법에 따라 분석한 미역귀의 일반성분은 수분이 대부분을 차지하였으며, 조섬유와 가용성 무질소물 함량이 높게 나타났다. 이는 시료로 사용한 미역귀가 수확 후 바로 냉동보관 되어서 수분함량이 높은 것으로 보여진다. 유리당은 미역귀 1g에 증류수를 가하여 $60^{\circ}C$에서 4시간 추출 한 후, 원심분리(3,000 rpm, 30 min)하여 $0.45{\mu}m$ membrane filter (Millipore Co., USA)로 여과한 여액을 HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography)를 이용하여 분석한 결과, 미역귀의 유리당은 Galactose 1종만이 검출되었다. 미역귀의 구성아미노산과 유리아미노산은 $0.45{\mu}m$ membrane filter로 여과하여 얻은 여액을 일정량 취하여 AccQ-Tag 시약을 사용하여 유도체화 시킨 후 HPLC로 분석하였다. 미역귀의 구성아미노산은 glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, lysine, threonine, valine, arginine 순으로 높은 함량을 나타내었으며, 유리아미노산은 glutamic acid, alanine, threonine, arginine, lysine 순으로 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 미역귀의 유리아미노산함량은 표고에 비하여 현저히 낮은 함량이 나타났으며, 주요아미노산은 해조류의 풍미를 대표하는 아미노산인 glutamic acid와 alanine으로 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.389-394
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• 2001

In order to isolate antimicrobial substances from Schizandra chinensis, the dried fruits were extracted with the methanol and the extract showed a strong antimicrobial activity. Also, the methanol exract was further fractionated with hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate and buthanol. The ethyl acetate-soluble fraction showed the strongest antimicrobial activity. These fraction were further separated by using various chromatographic methods including thin layer chromatography, silicagel open column chromatography and prep. HPLC. A major component S-EA-5-T1 and S-EA-5-T3 from the ethyl acetate fraction, which showed a strong antimicrobial activity was identified by Mass and NMR spectrometry. Two compounds were isolated and identified as trimethylcitrate and the essential oil of Schizandra chinensis and was estimated as gomisin C, respectively. The growth of S. typhimurium was also inhibited about 1.65 to 2.86 log cycle in minced pork by the addition 1% of Schizandra chinensis extract for 12 days at $4^{\circ}C$. These results suggested that these compounds have a strong potential as a natual food preservatives.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.389-397
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• 1996

The volatile concentrate obtained from the edible Korean dureup plant (Aralia elata Seem.) by a distillation-extraction system was separated into hydrocarbon and oxygen-containing fractions, and the latter was further separated into nine subfractions by silica gel column chromatography. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were utilized to identify 167 volatile compounds in the fractions. The volatile compounds included 72 hydrocarbons, 31 alcohols, 23 aldehydes, 16 esters, 10 acids, 6 ketons, 3 furans, 2 phenols, 1 indole, 1 oxide, 1 sulfide, and 1 lactone. ${\beta}-Caryopyllene$, a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon, was the most abundant volatile compound identified in Korean dureup (19.53%). Dureup oil was found to possess a woody or herbaceous aroma following sensory evaluation of each fraction and individual volatile component using a GC-sniff apparatus.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.411-420
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• 2008

This study was performed to examine the effect of $\gamma$-irradiation on the volatile organic compounds in Houttuynia cordata Thunb.(H. cordata). 1be volatile compounds of non-irradiated and 10 kGy $\gamma$-irradiated H. cordata were isolated using SDE apparatus and analyzed by GC/MS. For each treatment the number of volatile compounds were detected at 83 and 85, respectively, 1be predominant functional groups of volatile organic compounds from H. cordata were identified as alcohols and ketones. H. cordata was mainly composed of hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (12.81 %), phytol, decanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, octadecanol, caryophyllene oxide, 2-undecanone and menthol. Houttuynum which is characteristic compound of H. cordata was found in all samples and there was no significant difference with irradiation doses. Consequently, $\gamma$-irradiation of H. cordata would be an effective process for sanitation and to increase extraction efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.700-705
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• 2012

$Prunus$ $mume$ was steamed for easier removal of the pulp. The steamed fruit pulp was vacuum dried and powdered. The steamed $Prunus$ $mume$ powder (SPP) was passed through a 250 ${\mu}m$ sieve, fluidized in a fluid-bed granulator, and then granulated by top-spraying with water (SPPGW) or the extract obtained from steam (SPPGE). Then the physicochemical and sensory properties of SPP, SPPGW, and SPPGE were evaluated. The flowability of powder (angle of repose $^{\circ}$) of SPP, SPPGW and SPPGE was $23.59^{\circ}$, $11.07^{\circ}$, and $13.94^{\circ}$, respectively. The water dispersibility of SPP, SPPGW, and SPPGE was 18.69, 10.04 and 6.00 sec, respectively. Also, the overall acceptance of SPP, SPPGW and SPPGE was 3.00, 3.44 and 6.56, respectively. In conclusion, SPPGE can be used as granular steamed whole fruit pulp with good powder flowability and dispersibility, and therefore consumer acceptance.