• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.97-110
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop milk education materials for adults based on the scientific basis of right milk consumption in the format of card news that can be easily accessed on a mobile phone or the internet and has high impact. The topics to be included in the card news were selected based on the findings from literature analysis and focus group interviews with 10 adults(32.0±6.4 years). For the eight selected topics, effective communication was made by suggesting some information that users want to know while reflecting adult eating habits, lifestyle habits, and nutrition and health interests. The card news draft was reviewed by researcher and consulting experts, and then questionnaire survey was conducted using Likert 5-point scales by 50 adults(42.7±10.2 years). Based on the results of the review, consultation and questionnaire survey, a final draft of the card news consisting of 11 cuts was completed. Card news proposal is expected to produce educational effects, since the respondents showed high satisfaction with the card news (higher than 4 on the 5-point scales) according to the questionnaire survey. Adults can easily access and use the card news developed in this study, and thus this card news is expected to increase milk consumption in adulthood and improve nutrition and health through friendly and systematic milk education.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.309-314
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• 1999

In order to produce high concentration of sodium gluconate, optimization of the fermentation conditions, such as glucose concentration, inoculum size, dissolved oxygen concentration and glucose feeding method, was examined. When the glucose concentration was maintained in the range of 30∼50 g/L during the batch fermentation, glucose conversion yield and productivity were 92.2% and 6.0 g/L/hr, respectively. In the case of the low concentration below 30 g/L, the yield decreased by about 25%. As the inoculum size increased above 20%(w/v), lag phase was shortened but the productivity decreased. The dissolved oxygen level of 60∼70% was shown to be the threshold point for 75% of increase in the productivity of sodium gluconate. Finally, optimal glucose feeding rate was determined using various feeding methods such as exponential feeding, feeding based on the average glucose consumption rate and was determined using various feeding methods such as exponential feeding, feeding based on the average glucose consumption rate and on the oxygen uptake rate and etc. Our result shows that glucose feeding, based on the oxygen uptake rate is a very simple, efficient and robust method, especially when oxygen is consumed as a substrate for the bioconversion. Using the above glucose feeding strategy under the optimized condition, 255 g/L of sodium gluconate concentration, 12 g/L/hr of productivity and 95% of glucose conversion yield were achieved with A. niger ACM53.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to fabricate the new zirconia block (CNU block) and to evaluate fit of core and porcelain veneered zirconia crown. Material and methods: The experimental blocks were fabricated from the commercial ytrria-stabilized zirconia powder (KZ-3YE Type A). The powder was uniaxial pressing and the green bodies were conducted using the Cold Isostatic Pressing. The zirconia blocks were presintered at $1040^{\circ}C$ and the final sintering was performed at $1450^{\circ}C$. The Kavo Everest ZS $blank{(R)}$ (KaVo, Biberach/ $Ri{\beta}$.) was used as a control group. The linear shrinkage of CNU block and Kavo block were compared. Twenty-one cores for porcelain veneered crowns were fabricated with CAD/CAM system ($Everest{(R)}$, Biberach/ $Ri{\beta}$.). Group I; seven cores fabricated from Kavo blocks, Group II; seven cores fabricated from CNU blocks, Group III; seven cores from CNU blocks and porcelain veneering for crowns. All specimens were cemented and sectioned into two planes; diagonal and bucco-lingual. The measurement of the marginal, internal, and occlusal fit was carried out using SEM ($S-4800^{(R)}$) at $30{\times}$. The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test. Results: The linear shrinkage of the CNU block and the KaVo block was 19.00% and 20.09%. The marginal gap of cores ($29.67{\pm}6.58{\mu}m$) fabricated from CNU blocks showed significantly smaller than that of the cores of Kavo blocks ($36.84{\pm}7.18{\mu}m$) (P < .05). The internal gaps of the porcelain veneered crowns ($32.23{\pm}6.33{\mu}m$) were larger than those of the other two groups ($37.57{\pm}6.81{\mu}m$ and $38.14{\pm}6.81{\mu}m$). Conclusion: No statistically significant difference was found in between experimental groups and control group. The experimental groups in marginal gap showed significantly smaller than the control group.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.53-64
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• 2008

Statement of problem: Peri-implant marginal bone loss is an important factor that affects the success of implants in esthetics and function. Various efforts have been made to reduce this bone loss by improving implant design and surface texture. Previous studies have shown that early marginal bone loss is affected by implant neck designs. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of laser microtexturing of implant collar on peri-implant marginal bone loss. Materials and methods: Radiographical marginal bone loss was examined in patients treated with implant-supported fixed partial dentures. Marginal bone level was examined with 101 implant fixtures installed in 53 patients at three periods(at the time of implantation, prosthetic treatment and 6-month after loading). Four types of implants were examined. The differences of bone loss between implants(ITI standard) with enough biologic width and implants(ITI esthetic plus, Silhouette IC, Silhouette IC Laser-$Lok^{TM}$) with insufficient biologic width have been compared. Resorption angles were examined at the time of prosthetic delivery and 6-month after loading. Results and Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, the following results were drawn. 1. The marginal bone loss of ITI standard and Silhouette IC Laser-$Lok^{TM}$ was less than that of ITI esthetic plus and Silhouette IC(P<0.05). The marginal bone loss between ITI standard and Silhouette IC Laser-$Lok^{TM}$ had no significant statistical difference(P>0.05). There was no significant statistical difference between marginal bone loss of ITI esthetic plus and Silhouette IC(P>0.05). 2. There was no significant difference in marginal bone loss between maxilla and mandible(P>0.05). 3. There was no significant difference in resorption angle among four types of implants(P>0.05). The marginal bone of implants with supracrestal collar design of less than that of biologic width had resorbed more than those with sufficient collar length. The roughness and laser microtexturing of implant neck seem to affect these results. If an implant with collar length of biologic width, exposure of fixture is a possible complication especially in the anterior regions of dentition that demand high esthetics. Short smooth neck implant are often recommended in these areas which may lack the distance between microgap and the marginal bone level. In these cases, the preservation of marginal bone must be put into consideration. From the result of this study, it may be concluded that laser microtexturing of implant neck is helpful in the preservation of marginal bone.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.505-513
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• 2009

Streptococcus mutans plays a major role in the formation of dental plaque and it is considered one of the important pathogens in the development of dental caries. Established dental plaque can be more resistant to antimicrobial agents and offers nutrient rich and relatively stable cariogenic conditions for bacteria. Thus bacteria growing in dental plaque have strong resistance to antimicrobial agents and they are not removed easily by the flow of saliva. Many researchers have been performed using natural materials, especially herbal extracts to prevent dental plaque. However, the strains of mutans streptococci used in the researches were not from Koreans. Therefore, it would be necessary to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of herbal extracts against clinical isolates of Streptococcus mutans isolated from saliva of Koreans living in Jeollabuk-do. For this study four clinical isolates were isolated from saliva samples of seventeen Korean people to investigate whether essential oils of Artemisia spp. have antimicrobial activity against them including four reference strains of Streptococcus mutans. Minimum inhibitory concentrations, Minimum bactericidal concentrations and time kill studies were performed and the results showed that Artemisia lavandulaefolia DC, Artemisia scoparia, and Artemisia capillaries have antimicrobial activity against the Streptococcus mutans clinical isolates and reference strains.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.1
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• pp.102-112
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• 2006

The change of species composition and stand structure along altitudinal gradients in different aged stands was studied in five natural stands located each at 400 m, 800 m, 1,000 m, and two at 1,300 m above sea level (asl) in the western part of Mt. Chiri in Korea. Trees larger than 2.5 cm DBH were inventoried in 3 to 8 $20m{\times}20m$ quadrats in each study site. Stand ages were estimated based on the ages of Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc. and Abies koreana Wilson, and used to analyze the changes in species composition and stand structure including diameter and height distributions. Species composition was changed along altitudinal gradients as P. densiflora dominated stands at 400 m asl while A. koreana dominated stands at 1,300 m asl. Major species of Quercus also changed along altitudinal gradients as Quercus variabilis Blume at 400 m asl, Quercus serrata Thunb. ex Murray at 800 m asl, and Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb. at higher than 1,000 m asl. The diameter distribution did not show significant differences among stands of different altitudes. However, the height distributions of upper crown layers were significantly different among stands at below and above 1,000 m as) (P < 0.0001). Trees taller than 20 m rarely appeared in stands over 1,000 m asl. P. densiflora dominant stands at 400 m asl developed two clumped age groups as one in 30-40 ages and the other around 70 years old. Q. serrata dominant stands at 800 m asl, Q. mongolica dominant stands at 1,300 m asl and A. koreana dominant stands at 1,300 m asl were estimated to be around 30, 70, and over 140 years old after major disturbances, respectively. The diameter distribution with age structure indicated that P. densiflora at 1,300 m asl might be replaced by Q. mongolica, and Q. mongolica might be replaced by A. koreana and Pinus koraiensis later. A. koreana dominant stand seemed to stay its dominance quite long if the large disturbance would be absent.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-31
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• 2007

While trust and commitment are core mediating variables for the purpose of maintaining the long-term relationship, in the context of the characteristics of company and the relationship performance of its members, there have been limited studies which explore as to how each of the dimensions has affects differently. The basic purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between an automobile manufacturer and its agencies. The main purpose of this study is to examine how each different dimension of trust and commitment on the automobile manufacturer has different mediating effects between the characteristics of company(organization characteristics, relationship characteristics) and relationship performance perceived by its agents. Another purpose is to investigate the mechanism by which the relationship performance of the agencies is improved. An empirical study surveying 115 sales office managers at a leading automobile manufacturer in Korea was conducted. An analysis of the collected data indicates that while the characteristics of company have a positive influence on the agencies' relational performance through the mediating role of both trust of benevolence and commitment, agencies' trust of their headquarter's benevolence has a different influence on the dimensions of commitment. Finally, the authors discussed some theoretical contributions and managerial implications. And then, they presented limitations of this study and the future research directions.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.772-781
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to develop simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from expressed sequence tags (EST) of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and identify 9 germplasms from 3 wild species of lettuce and 61 commercial cultivars using the developed EST-SSR markers. A total of 81,330 lettuce ESTs from NCBI databases were used to search for SSR and 4,229 SSR loci were identified. The highest proportion (59.12%, 2500) was represented by trinucleotide, followed by dinucleotide (29.70%, 1256) and hexanucleotide (6.62%, 280) among SSR repeat motifs. Totally 474 EST-SSR primers were developed from EST and a random set of 267 primers was used to assess the genetic diversity among 9 germplasms and 61 cultivars. Out of 267 primers, 47 EST-SSR markers showed polymorphism between 7 cultivars. Twenty-six EST-SSR markers among 47 EST-SSR markers showed high polymorphism, reproducibility, and band clearance. The relationship between 26 markers genotypes and 70 accessions was analyzed. Totally 127 polymorphic amplified fragments were obtained by 26 EST-SSR markers and two to nine SSR alleles were detected for each locus with an average of 4.88 alleles per locus. Average polymorphism information content was 0.542, ranging from 0.269 to 0.768. Genetic distance of clusters ranged from 0.05 to 0.94 between 70 accessions and dendrogram at a similarity of 0.34 gave 7 main clusters. Analysis of genetic diversity revealed by these 26 EST-SSR markers showed that the 9 germplasms and 61 commercial cultivars were discriminated by marker genotypes. These newly developed EST-SSR markers will be useful for cultivar identification and distinctness, uniformity and stability test of lettuce.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.74-81
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• 2016

Ureaplasma species can normally colonize in the bodies of healthy individuals. Their colonization is associated with various diseases including non-gonococcal urethritis, chorioamnionitis, neonatal meningitis, and prematurity. In 2012, the sum of the resistant and intermediate resistant rates of Ureaplasma spp. to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was 66.08% and 92.69%, respectively. DNA point mutations in the genes encoding DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV are commonly responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance. Each enzyme is composed of two subunits encoded by gyrA and gyrB genes for DNA gyrase and parC and parE genes for topoisomerase IV. In the current study, these genes were sequenced in order to determine the role of amino acid substitutions in Ureaplasma spp. clinical isolates. From December 2012 to May 2013, we examined mutation patterns of the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) in Ureaplasma spp. DNA sequences in the QRDR region of Ureaplasma clinical isolates were compared with those of reference strains including U. urealyticum serovar 8 (ATCC 27618) and U. parvum serovar 3 (ATCC 27815). Mutations were detected in all ofloxacin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, however no mutations were detected in drug-susceptible isolates. Most of the mutations related to fluoroquinolone resistance occurred in the parC gene, causing amino acid substitutions. Newly found amino acid substitutions in this study were Asn481Ser in GyrB; Phe149Leu, Asp150Met, Asp151Ile, and Ser152Val in ParC; and Pro446Ser and Arg448Lys in ParE. Continuous monitoring and accumulation of mutation data in fluoroquinolone-resistant Ureaplasma clinical isolates are essential to determining the tendency and to understanding the mechanisms underlying antimicrobial resistance.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.659-668
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• 2012

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of marbling scores on carcass grade factors, physico-chemical and sensory traits of Hanwoo. Data used in this study were collected from 73,316 carcasses obtained at the Nonghyup Seoul slaughterhouse in 2009 and 271 cuts of M. longissimusdorsi were analyzed to estimate beef qualities. As the marbling scores increased, backfat thickness was linearly increased (p<0.05) in cows (9.51 mm-14.69 mm) and steers (8.71 mm-14.23 mm). As the marbling scores increased, maturity of cows was increased and meat color, texture and quality grade improved for all genders. With increase of the marbling scores, crude fat contents (3.07%-26.70%), water holding capacity (52.09%-58.66%), $L^*$ value (34.08-41.97) were significantly increased (p<0.05) and Warner-Bratzler shear force was linearly decreased (p<0.05) from 8.58 kg to 2.60 kg. The increase of crude fat contents had the similar interval with the increase of marbling scores from 1 to 6 but it is sharply increased from marbling score 7. There was no difference observed on $pH_{24}$ (5.50-5.66), protein contents (19.57%-21.15%) among the marbling scores. Marbling score was significantly correlated with live weight (r=0.29) in cows, loineye area (r=0.35) in steer, and overall acceptability of panel scores (r=0.67) (p<0.01).