• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.121-128
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was to investigate the effects of Oriental medical treatment on ALS. Methods : We investigated 12 ALS patients which were admitted to Gwang-Ju O.M.hospital for 3 months and follow-up at 8 months after discharge. All patients were treated by SAAM-acupuncture, herb medication, Bee venom Pharmacopuncture therapy, Needle-embedding therapy, etc and after discharge self-therapy at home. We evaluated patients using the Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised(ALSFRS-R), Medical Research Council (MRC) Scale. Results : After 1 month, mean ALSFRS-R score of patients was $29.08{\pm}7.99$, 2 months $28.70{\pm}7.17$, 3 months $28.16{\pm}8.23$, 1 year $21.33{\pm}9.93$ and mean MRC Scale of patients was $25.34{\pm}8.45$, 2 months $25.34{\pm}8.45$, 3months $21.56{\pm}9.20$. But in both cases, the variation was not statistically significant. Conclusions : We think that the results of this case be a pilot study that proves the effect of Oriental Medical treatment on ALS.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.210-217
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• 2011

Evolution of tip vortex generated by a model rotor blade which has a symmetric blade section has been investigated by use of the laser doppler anemometry. Swirl and axial velocity components of tip vortex were measured by the phase averaging technique within one revolution of a rotor blade. It was found that tip vortex becomes matured until 27 degrees and diffuses afterwards with diffusing rate becoming slower compared to the case of the asymmetric blade section, but the tip loss was expected to become more substantial. Swirl velocity components were well fit to n=2 model of Vatistas within measured wake ages, showing the self-similarity exists for the swirl velocity components. The axial components were followed with Gaussian profiles, but had much higher peak values than those of the symmetric blade section.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2003

Background & Objectives: Hyperexcitablity of motor system is a well-established characteristic pathophysiologic finding of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Whereas little is known about the source of excitability according to the progression of the disease. We evaluated the excitability and its source in advanced ALS patients using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Meterial & Methods: Motor evoked potentials (MEP) by TMS were recorded for abductor pollicis brevis muscles in 20 patients, 11 men and 9 women, with ALS. Mean age was $54.2{\pm}12.1years$, and mean disease duration was $13.9{\pm}13.4years$. Serial magnetic stimulations were applied to get the parameters; excitability threshold (ET), amplitude and latency of MEP. We also had a facilitated MEP (fMEP). Results: The parameters were analyzed according to the clinical settings. ET was higher in ALS(mean $63.5{\pm}18.1$) than normal control (mean $46.0{\pm}8.4$, p<0.01). Amplitudes of MEP were reduced in ALS ($2.6{\pm}3.6mV$; control $6.5{\pm}3.1mV$, p<0.01). Duration of the disease and ET showed significant inverse correlation (Spearson correlation coefficient = -0.57, p<0.01). Duration of the disease and fMEP/MEP ratio showed less but also significant inverse correlation (Spearson correlation coefficient, r = -0.52, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Lower ET in advanced ALS patients, in spite of decreased fMEP/MEP ratio, may indicate the hyperexcitability of lower motor neurons in these patients. This study suggests that lower motor neurons is hyperexcitable due to upper motor neuron dysfunction at advanced stage.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.156-161
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• 2004

To predict the direction of the fatigue crack initiated from a hole under various types of biaxial fatigue loads with different phase difference and biaxiality, fatigue parameters were investigated. Axial and torsional biaxial fatigue loads were selected with the respective combination of five different phase differences of 0, 45, 90, 145 and 180 degrees and five biaxialities of 0, $1/{\sqrt{3}}$, 1, ${\sqrt{3}}$, ${\infty}$. Directions of the fatigue crack initiation around the hole were found to approach to the circumferential direction of the specimen with increment of the phase difference for fatigue tests with phase differences less than $90^{\circ}$. Whereas directions for tests with phase differences greater than $90^{\circ}$ went away from the circumferential direction and those were symmetric to the directions for tests with phase difference less than $90^{\circ}$. With increase of biaxilities, the fatigue crack initiated more apart from the circumferential direction of the specimen. These crack initiation direction were predicted using maximum tangential stress range and maximum shear stress range obtained at far-field and around the hole. Comparing these two stress parameters, The crack initiation direction can be successfully explained by using the direction of the maximum tangential stress range obtained around the hole and at far-field.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.119-128
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• 2010

Objectives : The objective of this study is to report the change of progress in symptoms and various scales after treated with Mountain Ginseng Pharmacopuncture(MGP) on the patients of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis(ALS). Methods : The three ALS patients who treated with MGP, were checked the change of progress by ALS Functional Rating Scale(ALSFRS), ALS Severity Score(ALSSS), grasping power on both arms and circumference of both thighs and calves. Results : After MGP treatment on three ALS patients, first case did not grow worse during MGP treated whereas she got worse rapidly during none treated period. Second case did not grow worse during treated period and third case got worse in progress by slow degrees despite of MGP treatment. Conclusions : Although MGP could not control the progress of ALS completely, MGP may help the improving of quality of life(QOL) in ALS patients and have the effect of delayed ALS progression.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.937-947
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• 2007

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive disorder that causes degeneration of motor neurons of the brain and spinal cord. ALS is a progressive, fatal neuromuscular disease characterized by loss of motor neurons leading to muscle weakness. Sensation and mental function stay intact during the course of the disease. ALS is characterized by both upper and lower motor neuron damage. Diagnosis includes magnetic response imaging (MRI) electromyogram (EMG), muscle biopsy, and blood test. There is no cure for ALS. We recently observed three cases of ALS. The patients were diagnosis with ALS by EMG and symptoms. This report was conducted to evaluate how oriental medical treatment can affect ALS. We report the change of their symptoms through oriental medical treatment compared with taking riluzole.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.47-64
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• 2006

籬위제고화가심대청대정골추나요법적인식화이해(爲提高和加深對淸代正骨推拿寮法的認識和理解), 특선어차방면의의교심차유의사문환가치적(特選於此方面意義較深且有醫史文歡價値的) ${\ulcorner}$의종금감(醫宗金鑑) 정골심법요지(正骨心法要旨)${\lrcorner}$ 중적(中的) ${\ulcorner}$외치법(外治法)${\lrcorner}$ 진행료연구(進行了硏究), 획득여하연구결과(獲得如下硏究結果). 기수법총론부분(其手法總論部分), 파요지규정료정골수법적정의급기중요성(擺要地規定了正骨手法的定義及其重要性), 후유증적예방(後遺症的預防), 안환자원기강약이수요주의적사항(按患者元氣强弱而需要注意的事項), 정골의생적기본공화심이소질등문제(正骨醫生的基本功和心理素質等問題). 기정골수법부분(其正骨手法部分), 포괄모(包括模) 접(接) 단(端) 제(提) 접(按) 나(摩) 추(推) 나등팔법(拿等八法), 각법지적응증용현대용어해석여하(各法之適應症用現代用語解釋如下): 모법용어촉진(模法用於觸診), 접법용어골절치료(接法用於骨折治療), 단법용어탈위치료(端法用於脫位治療), 제법용어견인법(提法用於牽引法), 안마법용어연조직손상화골착건적치료(按摩法用於軟組織損傷和骨錯鍵的治療), 추나법용어절적운동(推拿法用於節的運動) 부리화관절적부완전결합적치료(不利和關節的不完全結合的治療). 기기구총론부분(其器具總論部分), 개소료십종정골치료용기구(介紹了十種正骨治療用器具), 각종기구적적응증급기효능용현대용어해석여하(各種器具的適應症及其效能用現代用語解釋如下): 이렴구유보호환부적효과(裏簾具有保護患部的效果), 진정용어동통(振挺用於疼痛) 부종(浮鍾) 경결적치료(硬結的治療), 피견용어견관절탈구적고정료법(被肩用於肩關節脫臼的固定療法), 격색속어리용자아체중적견인료법(擊索屬於利用自我體重的牽引療法), 루관속어분부동계단이용자아체중진행견인적료법(壘觀屬於分不同階段利用自我體重進行牽引的療法), 통목속어포추지압축성골절적래목치료용구(通木屬於胞推之壓縮性骨折的來木治療用具), 요주구유대요추골급기근육이상적부가보호대효과(腰柱具有對腰推骨及其筋肉異常的附加保護帶效果), 죽렴용어골절적고정치료(竹簾用於骨折的固定治療), 삼리구유대골절적쌍중고정효과(杉籬具有對骨折的雙重固定效果), 포슬구유대슬관절적고정효과(抱膝具有對膝關節的固定效果).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.67-73
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• 2014

Objectives : Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a selective death of motor neuron, leading to respiratory insufficiency. The purpose of this study was to assess the long term respiratory management of ALS patient with respiratory failure. Methods : One ALS patient applying a non-invasive BIPAP ventilator as well as Korean medical treatment such as acupuncture, pharmacopuncture and herbal medicine was measured on $SpO_2$, $EtCO_2$, Vte(expiratorytidalvolume) for 2 years 7 months. Results : The $SpO_2$, $EtCO_2$ of ALS patient were maintained in the normal range for 2 years 7 months. The Vte of ALS patient also wasn't worse in this study. Conclusions : In this study, the long term respiration management, combined administration of Korean medical treatment and non-invasive BIPAP ventilator, could be effective in ALS patient with respiratory failure.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2003

Purpose: Proximal crescentic metatarsal osteotomy(PMO) is one of the most common procedures for correcting moderate to severe degree hallux valgus deformity. Although screw fixation is used for osteotomy site stability, loss of reduction can occur. The purpose of this study is to compare the sagittal plane stability of the conventional crescentic PMO fixed with a single screw with that of the crescentic PMO fixed with 1 screw and 2 supplemental K -wires. Material and Methods: Ten matched pairs of cadaveric foot specimens were used for the proximal crescentic metatarsal osteotomy. For one foot specimen of each pair, crescentic osteotomy was fixed with 4mm long threaded cannulated screw, while the matched pair was prepared by adding two axial 1.6mm K-wires to the conventionally fixed 4mm screw. The extensometer was used to measure the osteotomy gap as the metatarsal head was loaded continuously until failure using a servohydraulic MTS Mini Bionix test frame. The strength of fixation was normalized with the bone mineral density (BMD) of the paired specimen $(N{\times}cm^{2}/gm)$, Result: The average strength of the crescentic PMO with axial K-wire fixation ($458.8cm^{2}/gm$, S.D. 434.3) was significantly higher than the standard crescentic PMO ($367.5cm^{2}/gm$, S.D. 397,9) (p=0.05). Conclusion: Supplemental fixation with two axial K-wires can be added to the crescentic PMO to enhance the initial fixation stability to prevent the loss of reduction or dorsal malunion.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.71-79
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• 2011

Geographical differences in the incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have been reported, and there are still many unresolved problems. The incidence as well as epidemiologic data of ALS is not known in Korea. Web-based multicenter registry of ALS, the Korean ALS registry, was established at January, 2011. The aim of "the Korean ALS registry" is the following: (1) to establish a database for the prospective collection of epidemiological information; (2) to assess the incidence and prevalence; (3) to find the temporal and geographic trends in the disease; (4) to define the full clinical spectrum of the disease; (5) to develop treatment guideline based on the database.