• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.7-11
• /
• 2019

Due to diversification and popularization of devices that use rapid transmission, there are many security issues related to radio waves. As the disturbance and interference of the radio wave can cause a direct inconvenience to a life, it is a very important issue. In this paper, as a means to prevent radio disturbance and interference, the projected image of the reference grid and the deformed grid is obtained by measuring the projected $moir{\acute{e}}$ using the white light source, projecting grid and the light source, and a $moir{\acute{e}}$ pattern is generated with an image processing algorithm by applying a phase diagram algorithm, and generated $moir{\acute{e}}$ pattern phase diagram creates a three-dimensional shape. By making an encrypted token using this measured face shape, the transmission of the information through token ring is determined in order to transmit the horizontal transmission having the dynamic security characteristics which includes authentication strength and caller information, etc. And by confirming the uniqueness of the token and by sending and receiving the horizontal transmission using java serialization and deserialization function, a problem solving method is suggested.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.10 no.10
• /
• pp.283-288
• /
• 2012

3D is the one of the current world in the spotlight as part of the future earnings of the business sector. Existing flat 2D and stereoscopic 3D to change the 3D shape and texture make walking along the dimension of the real world and the virtual reality world by making it feel contemporary reality of coexistence good show. 3D for the interest of the people has been spreading throughout the movie which is based on a 3D Avata. 3D TV market of the current conglomerate of changes in the market pioneer in the 3D market, further leap into the era of the upgrade was. At the same time, however, the modern man of the world, if becoming a necessity in the smartphone craze new innovation in the IT market mobile phone market and also has made. A small computer called a smartphone enough, the ripple velocity and the aftermath of the innovation of the telephone, the Internet as much as to leave many issues. Smartphone smart phone is a mobile phone that can be several functions. The current iPhone, Android. In addition to a large number of Windows Phone smartphones are released. Above the overall prospects of the future and a business service model for 3D facial expression as input avatar virtual 3D character on camera on your smartphone camera to recognize a user's emotional expressions on the face of the person is able to synthetic synthesized avatars in real-time to other mobile phone users matching, transmission, and be able to communicate in real-time sensibility fused video communication services to the development of applications.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.247-264
• /
• 2023

Objectives: The study was to examine the features of three-dimensional(3D) face dimensions and to develop fit test panels for the labor population using respirators in South Korea. Methods: This study was part of the first-year work of a two-year-project conducted at Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute in 2021. After 3D head dimensions data were collected from Size Korea Center managing Sixth Size Korea databases, 3D face dimensions DB for the South Korean labor population was established for 21 items of face dimensions in line with the ISO/TS 16976-2 and KS A ISO 15535. With the South Korean labor population 3D face dimensions DB, in accordance with the ISO/TS 16976-2, the descriptive statistics of 3D face dimensions were calculated and two fit test panels were developed. Results: A total of 2,752 subjects were finally determined and they were 52.9% for male, 41.2% for the highest age-group of 15-29, and residents in the capital area. Mean and standard deviation were obtained for each of the 21 3D face dimensions items for the South Korean labor population. Among the items, male and female face widths were 137.6±5.7 mm, 133.2±5.0 mm, respectively. Male and female face lengths were 116.6±7.0 mm, 107.8±6.8 mm, respectively. Two new South Korean fit test panels, a bivariate test panel and a principal component analysis test panel, were developed using the 3D face dimensions DB as well. Conclusions: Using the 3D face dimensions DB, the mean and standard deviation were featured for each of the 21 items and also the two fit test panels were newly developed in the study. It is suggested that the study outputs should be utilized practically and effectively in selection, use, and management of respirators at work, expecting that respiratory protection can be furthermore improved for respirator users including labor population across the country.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.49-54
• /
• 2006

Purpose : To evaluate accuracy and reliability of program to measure facial soft tissue thickness using 3D computed tomographic images by comparing with direct measurement. Materials and Methods : One cadaver was scanned with a Helical CT with 3 mm slice thickness and 3 mm/sec table speed. The acquired data was reconstructed with 1.5 mm reconstruction interval and the images were transferred to a personal computer. The facial soft tissue thickness were measured using a program developed newly in 3D image. For direct measurement, the cadaver was cut with a bone cutter and then a ruler was placed above the cut side. The procedure was followed by taking pictures of the facial soft tissues with a high-resolution digital camera. Then the measurements were done in the photographic images and repeated for ten times. A repeated measure analysis of variance was adopted to compare and analyze the measurements resulting from the two different methods. Comparison according to the areas was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. Results : There were no statistically significant differences between the direct measurements and those using the 3D images (p>0.05). There were statistical differences in the measurements on 17 points but all the points except 2 points showed a mean difference of 0.5 mm or less. Conclusion : The developed software program to measure the facial soft tissue thickness using 3D images was so accurate that it allows to measure facial soft tissues thickness more easily in forensic science and anthropology.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.350-364
• /
• 2014

Objectives This study was aimed to find the significant features of face form according to the Taeeumin and Soyangin by analyzing the three-dimensional face information data. Also, making standard face of the Taeeumin and Soyangin was an object of this study. Methods We collected three-dimensional face data of patients aged between 20~45 years old diagnosed by a specialist of Sasang constitutional medicine. The data were collected using a 3D scanner, Morpheus 3D(Morpheus Corporation, KOREA). Extracting a face feature point total of 64, was set to 332 pieces(height, angle, ratio, etc.) of each variable between feature points. ANOVA test were used to compare the characteristics of subjects according to the Taeeumin and Soyangin. Results When not to consider gender, the Taeeumin and Soyangin were different from the 18 items(3 items in the ear, 9 items in the eye, 1 item in the nose, 1 item in the mouth, 4 items in the jaw). When to consider gender, the Taeeumin and Soyangin men were different from the 6 items(1 item in the ear, 2 items in the nose, 3 items in the face). And the Taeeumin and Soyangin women were different from 17 items(1 item in the ear, 10 items in the eye, 2 items in the nose, 1 item in the mouth, 3 items in the face). Conclusions These results show Taeeumin's face(both men and women) width of the right and left is larger than the length of the top and bottom. Compared to men of Soyangin, men of Taeeumin has greater wings of the nose. Compared to women of Soyangin, women of Taeeumin has longer length of the eye. Soyangin's face(both men and women) length of the top and bottom is larger than the width of the right and left. Compared to men of Taeeumin, men of Soyangin has smaller wings of the nose. Compared to women of Taeeumin, women of Soyangin has more stereoscopic facial features at the top and bottom of the lateral face. Also, by accumulating three-dimensional face data, this study modeled the standard facial features by Taeeumin and Soyangin. These results may be helpful in the development of Sasang constitutional diagnostics utilizing the characteristics of the facial form at later.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
• /
• v.53 no.4
• /
• pp.159-166
• /
• 2016

In this paper, an active object tracking system basing on the pan/tilt-embedded stereo camera system is suggested and implemented. In the proposed system, once the face area of a target is detected from the input stereo image by using a YCbCr color model and phase-type correlation scheme and then, using this data as well as the geometric information of the tracking system, the distance and 3D information of the target are effectively extracted in real-time. Basing on these extracted data the pan/tilted-embedded stereo camera system is adaptively controlled and as a result, the proposed system can track the target adaptively under the various circumstance of the target. From some experiments using 480 frames of the test input stereo image, it is analyzed that a standard variation between the measured and computed the estimated target's height and an error ratio between the measured and computed 3D coordinate values of the target is also kept to be very low value of 1.03 and 1.18% on average, respectively. From these good experimental results a possibility of implementing a new real-time intelligent stereo target tracking and surveillance system using the proposed scheme is finally suggested.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.2C
• /
• pp.156-165
• /
• 2006

In this paper, a new intelligent moving target tracking and surveillance system basing on the pan/tilt-embedded stereo camera system is suggested and implemented. In the proposed system, once the face area of a target is detected from the input stereo image by using a YCbCr color model and phase-type correlation scheme and then, using this data as well as the geometric information of the tracking system, the distance and 3D information of the target are effectively extracted in real-time. Basing on these extracted data the pan/tilted-imbedded stereo camera system is adaptively controlled and as a result, the proposed system can track the target adaptively under the various circumstance of the target. From some experiments using 480 frames of the test input stereo image, it is analyzed that a standard variation between the measured and computed the estimated target's height and an error ratio between the measured and computed 3D coordinate values of the target is also kept to be very low value of 1.03 and 1.18$\%$ on average, respectively. From these good experimental results a possibility of implementing a new real-time intelligent stereo target tracking and surveillance system using the proposed scheme is finally suggested.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.649-653
• /
• 2001

The Chiari malformation is a deformation within the central nervous system which the lower brain stem and the cerebellum migrate into the foramen magnum causing herniation. In 1891, Arnold Chiari classified such symptoms into 3 categories. This case report is of a 8-year-old female with the complaint of a slight facial swelling and pain on the upper right molar during tooth brushing since 10 days before. Clinical examination showed gingival pocket formation on distal of the upper right first molar with pain and mobility of the tooth. Radiographic examination showed generalized low bone density in the upper molar area, and especially no bone support above the upper right and left first molars were noted. With a temporary diagnosis of Early-onset periodontitis, consultations with medical doctors for the possibility of an underlying systemic disease were made during periodontal treatment. 3D CT was taken with after a final diagnosis of Chiari malformation. Generalized thinning and defect of the cranial bone was noted and the foramen magnum was slightly enlarged. The occipital and maxillary bone was low in density, and the alveolar bone of maxillary posterior teeth was especially almost non-existing causing the upper right and left first molar to be floating. For this, the patient went under consultation with the department of neurosurgery and is still under observation. Periodontitis in childreren is very rare. When symptoms of periodontitis appear in a child, due to the possibility of an underlying systemic disease such as leukemia, histiocytosis X, and hypophosphatasia, proper examinations should be carried out so that the primary factor the symptoms can be treated.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.211-217
• /
• 2003

The Principal component analysis (PCA) is a well-known data analysis method that is useful in linear feature extraction and data compression. The PCA is a linear transformation that applies an orthogonal rotation to the original data, so as to maximize the retained variance. PCA is a classical technique for obtaining an optimal overall mapping of linearly dependent patterns of correlation between variables (e.g. neurons). PCA provides, in the mean-squared error sense, an optimal linear mapping of the signals which are spread across a group of variables. These signals are concentrated into the first few components, while the noise, i.e. variance which is uncorrelated across variables, is sequestered in the remaining components. PCA has been used extensively to resolve temporal patterns in neurophysiological recordings. Because the retinal signal is stochastic process, PCA can be used to identify the retinal spikes. With excised rabbit eye, retina was isolated. A piece of retina was attached with the ganglion cell side to the surface of the microelectrode array (MEA). The MEA consisted of glass plate with 60 substrate integrated and insulated golden connection lanes terminating in an 8${\times}$8 array (spacing 200 $\mu$m, electrode diameter 30 $\mu$m) in the center of the plate. The MEA 60 system was used for the recording of retinal ganglion cell activity. The action potentials of each channel were sorted by off­line analysis tool. Spikes were detected with a threshold criterion and sorted according to their principal component composition. The first (PC1) and second principal component values (PC2) were calculated using all the waveforms of the each channel and all n time points in the waveform, where several clusters could be separated clearly in two dimension. We verified that PCA-based waveform detection was effective as an initial approach for spike sorting method.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2006.02a
• /
• pp.1099-1106
• /
• 2006

정신질환자들은 자기감정을 표현하는 능력의 결손을 보인다. 이러한 자기 감정표현기술은 정신질환자들을 위한 사회기술훈련 (Social Skill Training) 과정 중 하나로서 정상적인 사회생활로의 복귀를 위해 반드시 필요하다. 지금까지의 자기감정표현 훈련 및 평가 방법은 치료자 능력의 차이에 따른 주관적 판단이 개입될 수 있다는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 가상현실 (Virtual Reality)은 컴퓨터를 이용한 최신의 방법으로, 최근 자폐증이나 공포증 등의 정신질환 분야에도 적용되고 있다. VR 을 사용하면 상호작용을 할 수 있고, 다양한 환경과 자극을 제시할 수 있으며, 3 차원 랜더링을 통해 몰입감을 제공할 수 있다. 또한 저장된 파라미터들을 바탕으로 객관적 판단을 할 수 있는 기준을 제시할 수 있으며, 안전하고 시간과 공간적 제약이 적은 환경 내에서 과제를 수행할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 자기감정표현기술의 객관적 평가를 위한 가상현실 시스템을 개발하고 정신분열증 환자와 정상인을 대상으로 실험을 진행하였다. 가상현실은 크게 긍정적 상황과 부정적 상황으로 이루어 지는데 집, 카페, 빵집, 길거리 등 다양한 환경에서 가족, 친구, 직장동료 등의 아바타가 실험 참가자에게 말을 건네고 참가자는 적절한 시기에 자신의 감정표현을 하도록 구성하였다. 실험을 하면서 정서 (긍정적 상황 Vs. 부정적 상황)에 따른 자기감정표현에 대한 파라미터로서 아바타가 말하는 동안 참가자가 아바타의 말에 주목을 하는 정도 (아바타가 말하는 동안 참가자가 아바타의 얼굴을 쳐다보는 시간)와 자기감정을 표현을 하는 시간 (아바타의 말이 끝난 후 감정표현을 시작하는 시간과 감정표현시간)과 상대방 아바타를 주목하는 정도 (참가자가 자기감정을 표현하는 중 아바타를 쳐다보는 시간) 등을 측정하였다. 측정결과 정상인이 정신분열병 환자에 비해 아바타를 주목하는 시간이나 자기감정표현을 하는 시간이 더 긴 경향이 있었다. 또한 부정적 상황에서 정신분열병 환자와 정상인 모두가 긍정적 상황에 비해 말하는 아바타에 더 잘 주목하였고, 자기감정을 표현하는 시간도 더 긴 것을 확인 하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 도출된 파라미터는 실험 참가자의 자기감정표현의 정도를 객관적으로 나타낼 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 또한 정신분열병 환자의 자기 감정표현능력을 측정하는 도구로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.