• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.442-453
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• 2021

Purpose: The objective of this study is to suggest desirable direction of Korean accident investigation organization by analyzing the operation status and way of overseas developed countries' investigation agency. Method: To accomplish the objective of this study, we were examined four main characteristics of accident investigation agencies of the U.S., Japan, and Sweden, focusing on (1); the background of the establishment, (2);organizational structure, (3);major tasks and functions, (4); accident investigation procedures. Result: First, the purpose of its establishment and task is to prevent recurrence of disasters and accidents, at the same time, administrating and researching duties such as legal system, policy, recommending improvement and conducting scientific disaster-cause analysis to contribute safety for the government. Second, it is operated as an independent organization under the president, not belonging to the ministry, in order to enable fair investigation in an impartial position. Third, it has the authority to be recognized for its expertise in the results of investigation. In other words, it is operated as a permanent organization with professional personnel, and secures authority through the accident research with indepth investigation and high-quality recommendations. Conclusion: The overseas investigation agencies rapidly manage and coordinate their operational practices in order to resolve national requirements and social conflicts with fairness, accuracy and expertise in accident investigations. In order to prevent the recurrence of similar events, Korea needs to efficiently reconstruct its investigative functions distributed by each government department. In addition, institutional improvement is needed to make general adjustments at the national level, organize and operate control tower for when the accident has happened.

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.143-160
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• 1997

정보화 사회에서 개인의 프라이버시와 국가 차원의 보안의 균형있는 발전은 매우 중요한 과제이며, 1997년 3월 국제 경제개발 협력기구(OECD)는 암호기능을 적용하기 위한 정책인 ‘OECD 암호정책’을 수립하였으며, 이 지침의 특기할 점은 암호화된 데이터를 국가 등의 제 3자가 강제적으로 해독하는 것을 인정하였다는 것이다. 이러한 OECD 암호정책은 공공의 안전성 확보에 필요한 조치임과 동시에 개인 프라이버시 침해의 위험을 내포한 암호정책으로 세계를 상대로한 CALS/EC 산업에 이러한 기술이 표준화되어 적용될 가능성이 높기 때문에 향후 국내의 CALS/EC 보안 서비스 제공시 중요한 지침이 될 것이다. 본 논문에서는 CALS/EC 보안 서비스를 실현하기 위하여 연구 개발해야 할 보안 기술 중 암호문의 강제 해독 기술 및 인중 기술을 포함한 보안 프레임워크를 제안한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.24-32
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• 1984

The object of the study is to discuss the effect of magic ink as a surface active substance on the mechanism of chip formation in oblique cutting. The Rehbinder effect has been known as a phenomenon that the mechanical strength reduces when the metal is coated with some surface active substances. In order to interpret these surface effects defined by Rehbinder, the influence on the shear strength of shear plane by coating surface active substances, cutting force by the depth of cut, surface roughness and hardness ratio were observed. The results are as follows: 1. By coating the magic ink on free surface of the forming chip, the effective shear angle increases, and the cuttinbg force and the deformed chip thickness decreases. 2. With the large inclination angle the effective shear angle increases, and the specific cutting force and the friction angle decrease. 3. Cutting of the coated surface improves the surface roughness and the hardness ratio drops, which means another Rehbinder effect.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.13-22
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• 2008

For the accuracy correction of the micro-positioning industrial robot, micro-manipulator has been devised. The compliant mechanisms using piezoelectric actuators is necessary geometrically and structurally to be developed by the optimization approaches. The overall geometric advantage as the mechanical efficiencies of the mechanism are considered as objective functions, which respectively art the ratio of output displacement to input force, and their constraints are the vertical notion of supporting leg and the structural strength of manipulation. In optimizing the compliant mechanical amplifier, the sequential linear programming and an optimality criteria method are used for the geometrical dimensions of compliant bridges and flexure hinges. This paper presents the integrated design process which not only can maximize the mechanism feasibilities but also can ensure the positioning accuracy and sufficient workspace. Experiment and simulation are presented for validating the design process through the comparisons of the kinematical and structural performances.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1506-1510
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• 2008

This research aims to analyze a die for confectionery and bakery by applying finite element technique. The design of the die was done by Solidworks and the ANSYS code for 3 dimensional finite elements was applied. A new die was designed by the results of stress, strain, and total deformation. This analytical techniques brings improved productivity and saves time in the design of a die.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2020.11a
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• pp.901-904
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• 2020

본 시스템은 세 단계의 모델을 복합적으로 구성하여 이루어진다. 첫 단계로 사람의 음성언어를 텍스트로 전환한 후 사용자의 발화 의도를 분류해내는 BoW방식을 이용해 인간의 명령을 이해할 수 있는 자연어 처리 알고리즘을 구성한다. 이후 YOLOv3-tiny를 이용한 실시간 영상처리모델과 OctoMapping모델을 활용하여 주변환경에 대한 3차원 지도생성 후 지도데이터를 기반으로하여 동작하는 기구제어 알고리즘 등을 ROS actionlib을 이용한 관리자시스템을 구성하여 ROS와 딥러닝을 활용한 편리한 인간-로봇 상호작용 시스템을 제안한다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.71-82
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• 1984

A programme, called BIPOLE, for the numerical analysis of twotimensional n-p-n bipolar transistors was developed. It has included the SRH and Auger recolnbination processes, the mobility dependence on the impurity density and the electric field, and the band-gap narrowing effect. The finite difference equations of the fundamental semiconductor equations are formulated using Newton's method for Poisson's equation and the divergence theorem for the hole and electron continuity equations without physical restrictions. The matrix of the linearized equations is sparse, symmetric M-matrix. For the solution of the linearized equations ICCG method and Gummel's algorithm have been employed. The programme BIPOLE has been applied to various kinds of the steady-state problems of n-p-n transistors. For the examples of applications the variations of common emitter current gain, emitter and diffusion capacitances, and input and output characteristics are calculated. Three-dimensional representations of some D.C. physical quantities such as potential and charge carrier distributions were displayed. This programme will be used for the nome,rical analysis of the distortion phenom ana of two-dimensional n-p-n transistors. The BIPOLE programme is available for everyone.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.2
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• pp.20-31
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• 1996

인류가 추구하는 궁극의 가치는 건강한 삶이며 이는 인간의 기본적인 가치이다. 건강관호전달체계에 주어진 사명은 인간의 기본권을 수호하는데 있다. 건강관호전달체계의 주요 구성요원인 간호전문직은 여러차원의 조직(단체)화된 교류를 통해 주어진 사명을 완수하기 위하여 끊임없이 자신들을 강화한다. 간호전문직의 국제적인 교류(단체, 채널)는 다양하나 그 대표적인 조직은 1889년에 회원국 간호협회들에 의하여 설립되어 100주년을 맞는 국제간호협의회 즉 비정부 조직(NGO)과 1848년 세계대전의 종식과 더불어 회원국 정부에 의하여 조직된 세계보건기구 즉 정부조직(GO)이다. 본고는 첫째, 이 두 공인된 국제적인 조직의 정관에 명시된 목적을 재조명하고 이를 통한 간호전문직 강화에 이바지하는 역할을 간략하게 요약한다. 둘째로 1999년도에 창립 100주년을 맞는 국제간호협의회가 20세기를 마무리하고 21세기를 맞기 위한 준비로서 이사와 직원 workshop, 여러차례의 이사회 및 회원국대표자회의 (CNR : Council of National Representatives)를 거쳐 'Towards the 21st Century ; ICN's Strategic Plan 1994-1999'를 확정한 과정을 간략하게 논의한다. 셋째로 'Towards the 21st Century ; ICN's Strategic Plan 1994-1999'의 3개의 Global Objectives와 4개의 National Objectives를 통하여 국제간호협의회가 제시하는 간호전문직의 강화의 방향과 각 목적의 성취를 위한 구체적인 전략을 논의하였다.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.483-510
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• 2016

Disruptive technology is increasingly gaining attention by industries, standards development organizations (SDOs), academia, government and regulatory bodies due to its massive scope of impact on the incumbents and consumers. Companies that take a lead in new technologies intend to dominate the global market by making their technologies into an international standard. However, they tend to seek ways of by-passing the slow procedures of formal SDOs that often hinder prompt action in response to rapid changes in technology and market situations. In the area of disruptive technologies, there is a need to harmonize standardization efforts in formal SDOs for various companies and stakeholders to reap the benefits of technological development and diffusion of innovation. This paper examines the reasons why standardization is more active using market-based mechanisms than through formal SDOs for disruptive technologies. We conducted a Delphi study to investigate standardization strategies in the area of disruptive technologies. This research found that experts understood the core element of disruptive technologies as creating new markets and changing the competition basis in existing industries through the transformation of consumers' behavior. Based on these core characteristics, experts agreed that flexibility and speed are the most important factors for standardization. Results also show that the perception that standardization activities are not directly connected to companies' profit-making is the key barrier to links between research and companies' participation in standardization. This research provides implications for formal SDOs and policymakers.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.265-274
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• 1998

Purpose : This prospective study has been conducted to assess the value of three dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) for lung cancer and to determine its potential advantage over current treatment approaches. Specific aims of this study were to 1) find the most ideal 3DCRT technique 2) establish the maximum tolerance dose that can be delivered with 3DCRT and 3) identify patients at risk for development of radiation pneumonitis. Materials and Methods : Beginning in Nov. 1994, 95 patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (stage I; 4, stage II; 1, stage IIIa; 14, stage IIIb; 76) were entered onto this 3D conformal trial Areas of known disease and elective nodal areas were initially treated to 45 Gy and then using 3DCRT technique 65 to 70 Gy of total dose were delivered to the gross disease. Sixty nine patients received 65 Gy of total dose and 26 received 70 Gy Seventy eight patients (82.1$\%$) also received concurrent MVP chemotherapy. 3DCRT plans were compared with 2D plans to assess the adequacy of dose delivery to target volume, dose volume histograms for normal tissue, and normal tissue complication Probabilities (NTCP). Results : Most of plans (78/95) were composed of non-coplanar multiple (4-8) fields. Coplanar segmented conformal therapy was used in 17 pateints, choosing the proper gantry angle which minimize normal lung exposure in each segment. 3DCRT gave the full dose to nearly 100$\%$ of the gross disease target volume in all patients. The mean NTCP for ipsilateral lung with 3DCRT (range; 0.17-0.43) was 68$\%$ of the mean NTCP with 2D treatment planning (range; 0.27-0.66). DVH analysis for heart showed that irradiated volume of heart could be significantly reduced by non-coplanar 3D approach especially in the case of left lower lobe lesion. Of 95 patients evaluable for response, 75 (79$\%$), showed major response including 25 (26$\%$) with complete responses and 50 (53$\%$) with partial responses. One and two rear overall survivals of stage III patients were 62.6$\%$ and 35.2$\%$ respectively. Twenty percent (19/95) of patients had pneumonitis; Eight patients had grade 1 pneumonitis and 11 other patients had grade 2. Comparison of the average of NTCP for lung showed a significant difference between patients with and without radiation pneumonitis. Average NTCP for Patients without complication was 62$\%$ of those with complications. Conclusions : This study showed that non-coplanar multiple fields (4-8) may be one of the ideal plans for 3DCRT for lung cancer. It also suggested that 3DCRT may provide superior delivery of high dose radiation with reduced risk to normal tissue and that NTCP can be used as a guideline for the dose escalation.