• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.51-55
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• 2015

We have fabricated silver nanowire (AgNW) films as a stretchable and transparent electrode on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates using a spray coater. Inherently, they show poor surface roughness and stretchability. To tackle it, we have employed a conductive polymer, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) : Poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS). PEDTO : PSS solution is mixed with AgNWs or spin-coated on the AgNW film. Compared with AgNW film only, PEDOT : PSS film only, and polymer-mixed AgNW films, the AgNW/polymer bilayer films exhibit much better surface roughness and stretchability. It is found that spray-coating of AgNWs on uncured PDMS and spin-coating of PEDOT : PSS solution on the AgNW films enhance the surface roughness of electrodes. Such a bilayer structure also provides a stable resistance under tensile strain due to the fact that each layer acts as a detour route for carriers. With this structure, we have obtained the peak-to-peak roughness ($R_{pv}$) as low as 76.8nm and a moderate increase of sheet resistance (from $10{\Omega}/{\Box}$ under 0% strain to $30{\Omega}/{\Box}$ under 40% strain).

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.12 no.2 s.35
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• pp.155-159
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• 2005

In this report, Polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs) with an ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MEH-PPV/Al structure were prepared by spin coating method on the glass substrate patterned ITO (indium tin oxide), using PEDOT:PSS(poly(3,4=ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfolnate)) as the hole transfer material and MEH-PPV(poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyhexoxy)-1,4-phenylenvinylene)) having a different concentration (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.5 wt$\%$) as the emitting material. The electrical and optical properties of the prepared PLED samples were investigated. The good electrical and optical properties were observed for the PLED samples with a MEH-PPV concentration ranging from 0.5 to $0.9 wt\%$. However, the current and luminance values for PLED sample with $1.5 wt\%$ of MEH-PPV decreased greatly. The maximum luminance and light efficiency for the PLEDs with concentration of $0.5 wt\%$ MEH-PPV were $409 cd/m^2$ and 4.90 Im/W at 9 V, respectively. The emission spectrums were found to be $560{\~}585 nm$ in wavelength showing orange color.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.96-100
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• 2017

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has been extensively studied as the active material in ammonia gas sensor because of its fast response time, high conductivity and environmental stability. It is well known that a post annealing process for organic devices based on PEDOT:PSS significantly increases the device performance. In this study, we propose the solvent annealing of PEDOT:PSS and investigated its effects. As a results, post solvent annealing on PEDOT:PSS lead to the surface chemical and physical properties change. These changes result in improved conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS. In additional, ammonia sensitivity of solvent annealed PEDOT:PSS become higher than pristine polymer film. The enhancement is mainly caused by the depletion of gas barrier PSS and structural re-forming PEDOT networks. We believe that the post solvent annealing is a promising method to achieve highly sensitivity PEDOT:PSS films for applications in efficient, low-cost and flexible ammonia gas sensor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.36-36
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• 2010

Currently, there are several newly developed energy resources for the future to replace petroleum resources such as hydrogen fuel cell, solar cell, wind power, and etc. Among them, solar cell has attracted a worldwide concern, because it has an enormous amount of resources. In general, a study of solar cells can be classified in to an area of bulk type and thin-film type. Inorganic solar cells based on silicon have been tremendously developed in technology and efficiency. However, since there are many lithographic steps, high processing temperature approximately $1000^{\circ}C$, and expensive raw materials, a manufacturing cost of device are nearly reaching a limit. Contrary to those disadvantages, organic solar cells can be manufactured at room temperature. Also, it has many advantages such as a low cost, easy fabrication of thin film, and possible manufacture to a large size. Because it can be made to be flexible, research and development on solar cells are actively in progress for the next generation. ever though an efficiency of the organic solar cell is low compared to that of inorganic one, a continuous study is needed. In this paper, we report optimal device structure obtained by a program simulation for design and development of highly efficient organic photovoltaic cells. we have also compared simulated results to experimental ones.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.201.1-201.1
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 Slot die coating 공법으로 코팅된 Poly (3-4 ethylenedioxythiophene): Poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) 박막과 비정질 ITO 박막의 전기적, 광학적, 기계적 특성을 비교 평가하여 Slot die coating 공법으로 코팅된 PEDOT:PSS 박막의 유기태양전지의 전극으로서의 적용가능성을 확인하였다. 상업용 PEDOT:PSS 박막은 보통 280 Ohm/sq.의 면저항과 가시광 영역에서 약 80%의 광투과도를 나타내며, 비정질 ITO 박막과 유사한 전기적, 광학적 특성을 나타내었다. Slot die coating 공법을 통해 제작된 PEDOT:PSS 투명 전극과 비정질 ITO 투명 전극의 기판 휘어짐에 따른 전기적 안정성을 비교 평가하기 위해 25 mm에서 1 mm까지 radius 변화에 따른 저항의 변화를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 비정질 ITO 투명 전극 대비 PEDOT:PSS 투명 전극이 더 우수한 전기적 안정성을 나타냄을 확인하였다. 또한, 다양한 Bending test (Inner/Outer bending, Rolling, Stretching, Twisting) 를 통해 비정질 ITO 투명 전극 보다 Slot die coating 공법으로 코팅된 PEDOT:PSS 투명 전극의 우수한 기계적 특성을 확인하였다. 이를 바탕으로 Flexible 유기태양전지에의 적용 가능성을 알아보기 위해 Slot die coating 공법으로 코팅된 PEDOT:PSS 투명 전극과 비정질 ITO 투명 전극을 유기태양전지의 anode 층에 적용하여 각각 제작하고 그 특성을 평가하였다. 비정질 ITO 투명 박막을 적용한 유기태양전지 대비 Slot die coating 공법으로 코팅된 PEDOT:PSS 투명 박막으로 제작한 유기태양전지에서 더 높은 효율이 나타났으며, 이로써 Slot die coating 공법으로 코팅된 PEDOT:PSS 투명 전극의 Flexible 유기태양전지로써의 적용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2015

This study demonstrates a polyimide nerve cuff electrode with a conductive polymer for improving recording signal quality at peripheral nerve. The nerve cuff electrodes with platinum (Pt), iridium oxide (IrOx), and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): p-toluene sulfonate (PEDOT:pTS) were fabricated and investigated their electrical characteristics for improving recorded nerve signal quality. The fabricated nerve cuff electrodes with Pt, IrOx, and PEDOT:pTS were characterized their impedance and CDC by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry. The impedance of PEDOT:pTS measured at 1 kHz was $257{\Omega}$, which was extremely lower than the value of the nerve cuff electrodes with IrOx ($15897{\Omega}$) and Pt ($952{\Omega}$), respectively. Furthermore, the charge delivery capacity (CDC) of the nerve cuff electrode with PEDOT:pTS was dramatically increased to 62 times than the nerve cuff electrode with IrOx. In ex-vivo test using extracted sciatic nerve of spaque-dawley rat (SD rat), the PEDOT:pTS group exhibited higher signal-to-interference ratio than IrOx group. These results indicated that the nerve cuff electrode with PEDOT:pTS is promising for effective implantable nerve signal recording.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.485-485
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• 2012

유기발광소자는 고휘도, 넓은 시야각, 빠른 응답속도, 높은 색재현성, 좋은 유연성의 소자특성 때문에 디스플레이 제품에 많이 응용되고 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 최근에 저소비전력, 고휘도, 소형화 및 장수명의 장점을 가진 유기발광소자의 상용화가 진행되면서 차세대 디스플레이소자로서 관심을 끌게 되었다. 고분자 유기발광소자는 저분자 유기발광소자에 비해 용액 공정법으로 박막을 형성할 수 있어 제조 비용이 적게 들며 대면적 디스플레이를 제작하는데 유리하기 때문에 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 고분자 유기발광소자에서 저전력 소자를 위한 저전압 구동 및 전력 효율을 향상시키기 위한 연구는 대단히 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 고분자 유기발광소자의 구동 전압을 낮추기 위해서 그래핀 정공 주입층을 삽입한 고분자 유기발광소자를 화학적 진공 증착법과 용액 공정을 사용하여 제작하였다. 그래핀 정공 주입층을 삽입한 고분자 유기발광소자는 Indium-tin-oxide(ITO) 투명 전극/그래핀 정공주입층/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS)/poly[2-methoxy, 5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-p-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) 층/lithium quinolate (Liq)/aluminium (Al) 전극의 구조를 가진다. 그래핀 정공주입층을 삽입한 고분자 유기발광소자에서 향상된 정공 주입능력을 통해 구동전압을 낮아지는 현상을 분석하기 위해서 전기적 및 광학적 특성을 조사하였다. 그래핀 정공주입층의 광학적 특성을 분석하기 위해서 빛의 투과도 측정을 한 결과 90% 이상의 값을 얻었다. 그래핀 정공 주입층이 소자에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 ITO/PEDOT:PSS소자와 ITO/그래핀 층/PEDOT:PSS 소자를 각각 제작하여 원자힘 현미경 측정을 하였다. 그래핀박막층을 삽입할 경우, 그래핀박막층을 삽입하지 않았을 때보다 표면 거칠기가 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 산성을 띠는 PEDOT:PSS 용액이 ITO 투명 전극을 손상시키는 것을 방지하고, 표면 거칠기를 감소시켜 누설 전류를 낮출 수 있다는 사실을 보여준다. 또한, 그래핀 박막은 높은 전기 전도도를 가지기 때문에 그래핀 정공주입층을 삽입하였을 때, 높은 전류 밀도 및 발광 휘도와 더 낮은 구동 전압을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 ITO와 PEDOT:PSS의 계면에서의 전공의 주입 능력을 그래핀박막층이 향상시켜 저전압, 고효율 소자를 제작할 수 있다는 것을 보여준다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.734-739
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• 2018

We successfully coated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) : poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS) on CVD graphene by adding poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to PEDOT : PSS. Extensive studies on the wettability of coating solutions and electrical properties of formed films led us to conclude that PVA with 89% of the degree of saponification and the molecular weight of less than $100,000gmol^{-1}$ produced optimum results. Furthermore, the optimum content of PVA was found to be 5% of PEDOT : PSS by the solid weight. The film coated by PEDOT : PSS with PVA on CVD graphene displayed a conspicuous improvement in the surface roughness, adhesive property, bending durability and stability in resistance at $160^{\circ}C$, compared to those of using CVD graphene films.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2014

Recently, the buffer layers consisting of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS) are extensively used to improve power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells. However, PEDOT-PSS is not suitable for mass production of organic solar cells due to its intrinsic acid and hygroscopic properties. Moreover, because of chemical reactions between indium tin oxide (ITO) layer and PEDOT-PSS layer, the interface is not stable. For these reasons, alternative materials such as $V_2O_5$ have been developed to be an effective buffer layer. In this work, we used $V_2O_5$/Ag/ITO multilayer structure for the anode buffer layer. With variation of thickness of Ag layer, we investigated the optical and electrical properties of $V_2O_5$/Ag/ITO multi-layer films. As a result, we found that the electrical properties were improved with increasing Ag thickness while optical transmittance decreases in visible wavelength region. From the calculation of figure of merit (FOM) which is used to evaluate proper structure for transparent of optoelectronic, $V_2O_5$/Ag/ITO multilayer electrode was optimized with 4 nm thick Ag layer in optical (88% in transmittance) and electrical ($4{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}cm$) properties. This indicates that $V_2O_5$/Ag/ITO multilayer electrode could be a candidate for the anode of optoelectronic devices.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.93-97
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• 2006

Polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs) are expected to be commercialized as next generation displays by advantages of the fast response time, low driving voltage and easy manufacturing process for large sized flexible display. Generally, the electrical and optical properties of PLEDs are affected by the surface conditions of transparent electrode. The PLED devices with ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PVK/PFO-poss/LiF/Al structures were prepared by using the spin coating method. For this, PEDOT:PSS(poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfolnate)) Al 4083 and PVK(N-vinylcabozole) were used as hole injection and transport layers. The PFO-poss(poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene)) was used as the emitting layer. The dependence of $O_2$ plasma treatment of ITO electrode on the electrical and optical properties of PLEDs were investigated. The sheet resistances increased slightly with an improved surface roughness of ITO electrode as the RF power increased during $O_2$ plasma treatment. The PLED devices prepared on the ITO/Glass substrates, which were plasma-treated at 40 watt in RF power for 30 seconds under 40 mtorr $O_2$ pressure, showed the maximum external emission efficiency of 0.86 lm/W and the maximum luminance of $250\;cd/m^2$, respectively. The CIE color coordinates are ranged $X\;=\;0.13{\sim}0.18$ and $Y\;=\;0.10{\sim}0.16$, showing blue color. emission.