• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.385-395
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• 2020

This study examined the effect of 3,4-dihydroxytoluene (DHT) on UVB-induced photoaging and determined its molecular mechanisms, using HaCaT human keratinocytes and SKH-1 hairless mice. DHT suppressed UVB-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression in HaCaT cells. In vivo data from mouse skin supported that DHT decreased UVB-induced wrinkle formation, epidermal thickness, and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) expression. DHT appeared to exert its anti-aging effects by suppressing UVB-induced Raf-1 kinase activity and subsequent attenuation of UVB-induced phosphorylation of MEK, ERK, and p90RSK in HaCaT cells. In vitro and in vivo pull-down assays revealed that DHT bound with Raf-1 in ATP-noncompetitive manner. Overall, DHT appears to anti-photoaging effects in vitro and in vivo through the suppression of Raf-1 kinase activity and may have potential as a treatment for the prevention of skin aging.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.498-504
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• 1992

In order to investigate the antimutagenicity of the sweet potato enzymatic browning reaction products (SPEBRP) were studied the DNA breaking action, spore rec assay and Ames test. In the DNA breaking action of reaction mixture of SPEBRP and polyphenol compounds with an agarose horizonal electrophoresis, catechol (CAT)-SPEBRP and hydroxyhydroquinone (HHQ)SPEBRP inhibited DNA breaking effect in the presence of $Fe^{2+}$. In the spore ree assay using Bacillus subtilis H17(rec+) and M45(rec-), 3,4-dihydroxytoluene (DHT)-SPEBRP showed strong antimutagenic effects on MNNG. In the Ames test using Salmonella tYPhimurium TA 98 and TA 100, pyrogallol(PYR)-, 3,4-dihydroxytoluene (DHT)- and hydroxyhydroquinone (HHQ)-SPEBRPs suppressed about 67%, 71% and 63% in the mutagenesis induced by Benzo($\alpha$)Pyrene(B($\alpha$)p).

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.264-270
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• 1984

In order to obtain mutagenic data of enzymatic browning reaction products, we investigated their mutagenicity. The rec-assay with Bacillus subtilis strains $H17(rec^+)$ and $M45(rec^-)$ were carried out with their spores. Detection of double strand breakage in calf-thymus DNA was investigated into sample solution with and without $Cu^{2+}$ by the agarose slab gel electrophoresis. In the rec-assay, catechol, pyrocatechol, DL-dopa, 3,4-dihydroxytoluene, hydroquinone, hydroxyhydroquinone with and without $Cu^{2+}$ in 0.05M ana 0.1M at the enzymatic browning reaction products stowed mutagenic action. And also browning solution of 0.05M hydroxyhydroquinone and catechol with $Cu^{2+}$, hydroquinone with and without $Cu^{2+}$ of 0.1M at the enzymatic browning reaction products were strong mutagenic action. The DNA breakability of the enzymatic browning reaction products of 0.1M pyrogallol was stronger than that of 0.05M pyrogallol browning solution with $Cu^{2+}$ and 3,4-dihydroxytoluene browning solution was stronger than that of 0.01M 3,4-dihydroxytoluene browning solution.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 1991

Three polyphenol oxidase(polyphenol oxidase I, II and III ) were isolated from the crude extract of a Spuriopimpinella bracycarpa by $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ precipitation and subsequent Sephadex G-150 chromatography. The final preparation thus obtained showed three peaks of enzyme activity. Optimum pH and temperature for the activity of polyphenol oxidase were 7.5 and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme was completely inactivated when i4 was treated at$70^{\circ}C$ for 30min and at $80^{\circ}C$ for 5min at pH 6.5. The enzyme was partially inactivated by ascorbic acid, glutathione and potassium cyanide (0.1mM), and was completely inhibited by L-cysteine, ascorbic acid, glutathione and potassium cyanide(0.5 and 1.0mM). The enzyme has good activity on catechol and 3,4-dihydroxytoluene but was strongly inactivated on pyrogallol, dopamine and DL-dopa. The Michaelis cons4ant of the enzyme was 86.5mM with catechol as a substrate.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 2015

In summary, the rutin metabolite DHT significantly reduced EGF-induced neoplastic transformation in JB6 P+ cells. This inhibition was mediated mainly by blocking the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway and subsequent suppression of AP-1 activities. DHT attenuated Raf-1 kinase activity by directly binding to Raf-1 in vitro and ex vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that Raf-1 may be a critical molecular target to suppress DHT-induced neoplastic transformation, which is mainly attributable to the chemopreventive potential of several foods containing rutin.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.212-219
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• 1987

The rec-assay on Bacillus subtilis strains H17$({Rec}^+)$ and M45$({Rec}^-)$, the Ames test with modification of preincubation on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 and DNA-breaking test on double strand calfthymus DNA were carried out using enzymatically browned substances obtained from the reaction of Prunus salicina (Red) enzyme and polyphenols. The spore rec-assay of enzymatic browning reaction products of pyrogallol, hydroxyhydroquinone. 3,4-dihydrohyoluene and chlorogenic acid showed non-mutagenic activity The spore rec-assay showed a little influence of ${Zn}^{2+}$ and ${Ni}^{2+}$ on the action of four kinds of enzymatic browning reaction products. The enzymatic browning reaction products of polyphenols did not show DNAbreaking activity. ${Cu}^{2+}$ of various metal ions influenced on DNA-breaking of enzymatic browning reaction products of pyrogallol. However, enzymatic browning reaction products of chlorogenic acid inhibited on DNA-breaking activity. Four kinds of enzymatic browning reaction products showed non-mutagenic activity on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 with S-9 mix. In the mutagenicity on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 with S-9 mix in the presence of benzo$({\alpha})$pyrene which is the carcinogenic substances, four kinds of enzymatic browning reaction products showed desmutagenic activity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.543-551
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• 2023

In this study, five endophytic fungi belonging to the Aspergillus and Alternaria genera were isolated from Lagopsis supina. The antimicrobial activity of all fungal fermented extracts against Staphylococcus and Fusarium graminearum was tested using the cup-plate method. Among them, Aspergillus ochraceus XZC-1 showed the best activity and was subsequently selected for large-scale fermentation and bioactivity-directed separation of the secondary metabolites. Four compounds, including 2-methoxy-6-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (1), 3,5-dihydroxytoluene (2), oleic acid (3), and penicillic acid (4) were discovered. Here, compounds 1 and 4 displayed anti-fungal activity against F. graminearum, F. oxysporum, F. moniliforme, F. stratum, Botrytis cinerea, Magnaporthe oryzae, and Verticillium dahlia with diverse MIC values (128-512 ㎍/ml), which were close to that of the positive control antifungal, actidione (64-128 ㎍/ml). Additionally, compounds 1 and 4 also exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against S. aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica, with low MIC values (8-64 ㎍/ml). Moreover, compounds 1 and 4 displayed selective cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines as compared with the normal fibroblast cells. Therefore, this study proposes that the endophytic fungi from L. supina can potentially produce bioactive molecules to be used as lead compounds in drugs or agricultural antibiotics.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.453-458
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Coleosporium plectranthi, an obligate parasite, which is responsible for the rust disease of Perilla frutescens, a plant in Korea, commonly known as Perilla. All rusts are obligate parasites, meaning that they require a living host to complete their life cycle. They generally do not kill the host plant but can severely reduce growth and yield. Food and feed spoilage fungi cause great economic losses worldwide. It is estimated that between 5 and 10% of the world food production is wasted due to fungal deterioration. Rust disease of Perilla is highly frequent and is widely spread in Korea. The present study was designed to investigate a novel media for the urediniospore germination in vitro and anti-rust activity as well as GC-MS analysis of oak pyroligneous liquor. METHOD AND RESULTS: Urediniospores were collected from the infected leaf of Perilla. Spore suspension was made and the suspension was inoculated in the 2% water agar media with proper humidity, then they were incubated at $26^{\circ}C$ for 56 hrs. The GC-MS analysis of the oak pyroligneous liquor was also done to check the chemical composition. GC-MS analysis of the wood vinegar was found 15 compounds, among them o-mthoxyphenol (25.93%), 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (16.06%), 4-methylenecyclohexanone (10.69%), 2,3-dihydroxytoluene (7.84%), levoglucosane (6.14%) and propanoic acid (5.32%) were the major components. Different concentration of the oak pyroligneous liquor was used, and spore inhibition was recorded on the basis of spore counting. The best results were noted at the concentration of 50% solution where 31.8% spores were inhibited. CONCLUSION: On the basis of the chemical composition of the oak pyroligneous liquor and the activity recorded we can use it as an anti-rust agent.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 1987

The mutagenicity and desmutagenicity on enzymatic browning reaction products which obtained from prunes salicina (yellow) enzyme and polyphenol compounds were carried out. In the rec-assay on Bacillus subtilis strains H17 and M45, the enzymatic browning reaction products of pyrogallol, hydroxyhydroquinone, 3,4-dihydroxytoluene and catechol of $10^{-2}M$ did not showed mutagenicity. In the effects of various metal ions on the rec-assay, the enzymatic browning reaction products of pyrogallol showed mutagenic activity by $Fe^{3+},\;Mn^{2+},\;Zn^{2+},\;Ni^{2+}$ and $Al^{3+}$. In the enzymatic browning reaction products of hydroxyhydroquinone, $Cu^{2+},\;Mn^{2+}$ and $Pb^{2+}$ were effected in mutagenic action and the enzymatic browning reaction products of catechol was effected in mutagenic action by $Mn^{2+}$. In the DNA-breaking action of enzymatic browning reaction products of pyrogallol, hydroxyhydroquinone, 3,4-dihyroxytoluene and catechol did not show, DNA-breaking action. In the effects of various metal ions on the DNA-breaking action of enzymatic browning reaction products, $Cu^{2+}$ showed DNA-breaking action. In the mutagenicity test on Sal. typhimurium strains TA98 and TA 100 with S-9 mix, 4 kinds of browned substances did sot shove muragenicity, all the browned substances showed strong desmutagenic activity in the presence of benzo $({\alpha})-pyrene$ with S-9 mix.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.632-639
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• 1990

The biological activities of twelve different kinds of enzymatic browning reaction products(EBRP), which resulted from the reactants four kinds of polyphenols with polyphenol oxidase extracted from Ligularia fischeri, pimpinella brachycarpa and Aster scaber of edible mountain herbs. All of twelve samples did not show any mutagenic effect in the spore rec-assay, Ames mutagenicity test and DNA breaking test. However metal ions such as $Cu^{2+},\;Fe^{2+}$, and $Ni^{2+}$ were increased the DNA breakage in rec-assay. The EBRPs inhibited the mutagenicities induced by $benzo({\alpha})pyrene (B({\alpha})P)$, 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido-[4,3-b]indole(Trp-P-1) and 2-aminofluorene(2-AF) in Salmonella/microsome assay system with S-9 mix. In effects of EBRPs on the DNA repair system, the activity of EcoRI was highly inhibited and that of $T_{4}$ DNA ligase was inactivated by addition of EBRPs. The results of transformation ratio of plasmid pGA658 into E. coli HB 101 was significantly decreased by the reaction products of S. brachycarpa polyphenoloxidase (PPO). When UV light was exposed to the mixture of DNA and EBRP before the thanformation, the reaction products from L. fischeri PPO with pyrogallol, catechol and hydroxyhydroquinone stimulated transformation ratio.