• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.84.2-84.2
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• 2010

PEMS (printed electro-mechanical system) is fabricated by means of various printing technologies. Passive and active components in 2D or 3D such as conducting lines, resistors, capacitors, inductors and TFT, which are printed with functional materials, can be classified in this category. And the issue of PEMS is applied to a R2R process in the manufacturing process. In many electro-devices, the vacuum process is used as the manufacturing process. However, the vacuum process has a problem: it is difficult to apply toa continuous process as a R2R printing process. In this paper, we propose an ESD (electro static deposition) printing process has been used to apply an organic solar cell of thin film forming. ESD is a method of liquid atomization by electrical forces, anelectrostatic atomizer sprays micro-drops from the solution injected into the capillary, with electrostatic force generated by electric potential of about tens of kV. ESD method is usable in the thin film coating process of organic materials and continuous process as a R2R manufacturing process. Therefore, we experiment the thin films forming of PEDOT:PSS layer and Active layer which consist of the P3HT:PCBM. The result of experiment, organic solar cell using ESD thin film coated method is occurred efficiency of about 1.4%. Also, the case of only used to ESD method in the active layer coating is occurred efficiency of about 1.86% as the applying a spin coating in the PEDOT:PSS layer. We can expect that ESD method is possible for continuous process to manufacture in the organic solar cell or OLED device.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.330-335
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• 2000

This paper deals with sensing ability of smart sensor that has a sensing ability of distinguish materials. We have developed new signal processing method that have distinguish different materials. We made the two type of smart sensors for experiment. The first type of smart sensor is H2 type. The second type of smart sensor is HH type. The smart sensor was developed for recognition of material. And then we developed estimation method of sensing ability of smart sensors. The first method(Sensing Ability Index) is developed for H2 smart sensor. The second method($R_{SAI}$ Index) is developed for HH smart sensor. We estimated sensing ability of smart sensor with new SAI and $R_{SAI}$ method. This paper describes our primary study for a new method of estimate sensing ability of smart sensor, which is need for precision work system. This is a study of dynamic characteristics of smart sensor according to frequency and displacement changing with new SAI and $R_{SAI}$ method. Experiment and analysis are executed for proper dynamic sensing condition. First, we developed advanced smart sensors. Second, we develop new SAI and $R_{SAI}$ methods that have a sensing ability of distinguish materials. Dynamic characteristics of smart sensor are evaluated through new SAI and $R_{SAI}$ method relatively. We can use the new SAI and $R_{SAI}$ method for finding materials. Applications of this method are finding abnormal condition of object(auto-manufacturing), feeling of object(medical product), robotics, safety diagnosis of structure, etc.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.117-123
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• 1968

A simplest and best method to find out lime requirement for Korean soils is described. Twenty six top soil samples were collected from various localities and chemical characteristics were dertermined. Three different buffer curve methods were employed as the standard to find out the most reliable test for lime requirement. In addition, the lime requirement test by the Shoemaker's and Woodruff's as well as the O.R.D. kit method were compared with the most reliable buffer curve method. The results may be summarized as follows. 1. The regression equation of the most reliable lime requirement by buffer curve method, y, on percent base saturation of various soils, X, was y=9.69-0.106 X and the negative correlation coefficient r=-0.84 was statistically significant at 5% level. 2. Lime requirement test by the best, buffer curve, method was more well correlated with the sum of exchangeable hydrogen and exchangeable aluminum contents of the soil samples than the exchangeable hydrogen content only. 3. The ordinary buffer curve method for lime requirement is more reasonable than the lime requirement test by the buffer curve prepared after addition of 1 normal potassium chloride or calcium chloride solutions. 4. The lime requirement tests by the most reasonable buffer curve method, X, and by the Woodruff's, the Shoemaker's and O.R.D. kit were compared. The best method for laboratory lime requirement test was the Shoemaker's method and the O.R.D. kit method also was good enough for the field test and these two method are recommended as the unified method of lime requirement test in each soil testing laboratories throughout Korea.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 1997

L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$Mn $O_{3}$ powders were prepared by both GNP(Glycine-Nitrate Process) and solid state reaction method in various of calcination temperature(800-1000.deg. C) and time in air. Also, L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$Mn $O_{3}$ cathode contacts on YSZ(Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia) substrate were prepared by screen printing and sintering method as a function of sintering temperature(1100-1450.deg. C) in air. Sintering behaviors have been investigated by SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope) and porosity measurement. Compositional and structural characterization were carried out by X-ray diffractometer and ICP AES(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry) analysis. Electrical characterization was carried out by the electrical conductivity with linear 4 point probe method. As the calcination period increased in solid state reaction method, L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$Mn $O_{3}$ phase increased. Although L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$Mn $O_{3}$ single phase was obtained only for 48hrs at 1000.deg. C, in GNP method it was easy to get single and ultra-fine L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$Mn $O_{3}$ powders with submicron particle size at 650.deg. C for 30min. The particle size and thickness of L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$Mn $O_{3}$ cathode contact by solid state reaction method did not change during the heat treatment, while those by GNP method showed good sintering characteristics because initial powder size fabricated from GNP method is smaller than that fabricated from solid state reaction method. Based on enthalpy change from thermodynamic data and ICP-AES analysis, it was suggested to make cathode contact in composition of (L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$)$_{0.91}$ Mn $O_{3}$ which have little second phase (L $a_{2}$Z $r_{2}$ $O_{7}$) for high efficient solid oxide fuel cells applications. As (L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$)$_{0.91}$Mn $O_{3}$ cathode contact on YSZ substrate was sintering at 1250.deg. C the temperature that liquid phase sintering did not occur. It was possible to obtain proper cathode contacts with electrical conductivity of 150(S/cm) and porosity content of 30-40%.m) and porosity content of 30-40%.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.108-111
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• 2006

The economic and effective method for preparation of R-(-)-ibuprofen by diastereomer crystallization was developed. R-(-)-ibuprofen was resolved from racemic ibuprofen by forming R-(-)ibuprofen-R-(+)-$\alpha$-methylbenzylamine diastereomeric salt with R-(+)-$\alpha$-methylbenzylamine and crystallization. The purity of R-(-)-ibuprofen-R-(+)-$\alpha$-methylbenzylamine diastereomeric salt was tested and confirmed using HPLC and $^1H-NMR$ method. The pure diastereomeric salt collected from repeated recrystallization was further fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction to the pure enantiomer without racemization. R-(-)-ibuprofen was recovered producing overall yield of 2.4% with the purity more than 99.97%.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.68-70
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• 2009

In this letter, a parametric analysis of the Fresnel-field antenna measurement method is performed for a square aperture. As a result, the optimum number of Fresnel fields for one far-field point is guided as $M_{opt}=N_{opt}=D^2/{\lambda}R+5$, where D is the antenna diameter, ${\lambda}$ is the wavelength, and R is the distance between the source antenna and the antenna under test. For the aperture size 5 ${\leq}$ $L_x/{\lambda}$ ${\leq}$ 20, the tolerable distances for gain errors of 0.5 dB and 0.2 dB can be guided as $R_{0.5\;dB}$ ${\approx}$ $1.2Lx/{\lambda}$ and $R_{0.2\;dB}$ ${\approx}$ $2.0L_x/{\lambda}$, where $L_x$ is the lateral length of the square aperture. The tolerable distances for 20 ${\leq}$ $L_x/{\lambda}$ ${\leq}$ 200 are also proposed. This measurement guideline can be fully utilized when performing the Fresnel-field antenna measurement method.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.10-17
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• 1966

A method by which solutions of the differential equations of any other distributed circuits can be obtained is described when the solution of the differential equation of an R-C distributed amplifier is known. A graphical method of transforming any R-C ditributed circuit into an equivalent circuit which has a constant R(x)$cdot$C(x) was also obtained. The theoretical verification of this method is possible. For simplicity, any R-C distributed circuit can be transformed into an equivalent circuit which is a distributed circuit of either constant R(x) or C(x). Using this equivalent circuit and considering a lumped circuit, an approximate analysis and synthesis can be made simply.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.148-154
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to select compounds for the standardization of fermented Kalopanax pictus Nakai (KP-F), to develop the analysis method using HPLC-PDA and to perform method validation. KP-F is a fermented powder developed to improve the original physiological activities and create a new functionality. Eleutheroside E, Acanthoside B, and Syringaresinol were selected as the standard compounds and developed our own method for simultaneous analysis. The analyte was isolated using C18 column with a gradient elution of 0.05 M phosphoric acid in water and methanol as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and detected at 210 nm. As a result, all standard compounds showed good linearity with an $R^2$ (coefficient of correlation) of 1.000 and for the limit of detection range of $0.710{\sim}0.831{\mu}g/mL$, and the limit of quantification as $2.150{\sim}2.520{\mu}g/mL$. The precision was RSD (%) of less than 4.80%, while the accuracy was 4.70%>RSD (%) for the range 102.44~110.48%. In conclusion, the developed analysis method is suitable for the detection of Eleutheroside E, Acanthoside B, and Syringaresinol in KP-F.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.254-259
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• 2008

An easy and reliable HPLC method was developed to determine allantoin in Dioscorea Rhizoma using cyano columns. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of allantoin were performed successfully by cyano columns (YMC-Pack CN column, Zorbax SB-CN column and Discovery$^{(R)}$ Cyano column). The intraday precision were 0.58 - 3.33% for YMC-Pack CN, 0.41 - 2.20 for Zorbax SB-CN and 0.45 - 1.93% Discovery$^{(R)}$ Cyano columns, while interday variations were 0.09 - 1.84%, 0.04 - 2.59% and 0.87 - 5.18% for YMC-Pack CN, Zorbax SB-CN and Discovery$^{(R)}$ Cyano columns. The recoveries of allantoin were in the range at 98.8 - 102.6% (RSD 1.1 - 1.6%) for YMC-Pack CN column, 99.7 - 110.5% (RSD 1.3 - 4.9%) for Zorbax SB-CN column, and 97.2 - 110.1% (RSD 1.8 - 5.7%) for Discovery$^{(R)}$ Cyano column. The contents of allantoin in four Dioscorea Rhizoma samples were determined by cyano columms and ranged at 4.1-7.1 mg/g dry weight. The present study indicated that HPLC method using cyano column for determining allantoin is a reliable method and this method can be applied to verify allantoin in Dioscorea Rhizoma.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.80-84
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• 2013

Purpose: The Immunotech AFP is a widely used test in 14 hospitals(RIA QC establishments: 46) as a liver tumor marker. Normally, the test takes 45 minutes including complicated 2 step method. We evaluated the possibility of 1 step method and suitable test time. Materials and Methods: Samples of 31 patients in SNUBH were used as subject. We evaluated the sensitivity, intra and inter assay precision, recovery rate, linearity between 1 step and 2 step method (45 min. and 60 min.). Results: Both of 45 minutes and 60 minutes test showed 0.1 ng/mL sensitivity. In 45 minutes test, the intra assay coefficients of variation were 3.05%, 3.43%, 1.68%. Also, inter assay coefficients of variation were 3.91%, 2.38%, 0.82%. In 60 minutes test, the intra assay were 5.00%, 3.69%, 1.97%, inter assay were 3.14%, 3.71%, 1.85%.The correlation coefficient of each 2 step and 1 step (45 min.), 2 step and 1 step(60 min.), 1 step (45 min.) and 1 step (60 min.) were y=0.9293x+2.7356 ($R^{2}=0.9999$), y=0.9193x+4.1002 ($R^{2}=0.9993$), y=0.9894x+1.3805 ($R^{2}=0.9997$). Conclusion: Compared 1step method to 2 step method, both method showed very reasonable precision, recovery rate and correlation coefficient. Also, 1 step method(45 min.) of correlation coefficient ($R^2$) was 0.999. We suggest that 1 step method test can reduce the test time and is useful for AFP test.