• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.156-168
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• 2013

Drilling expedition #1 in 2007 and drilling expedition #2 in 2010 were performed for gas hydrate resources evaluation and optimal site selection of pilot test in Ulleung basin, East Sea, Korea. This study presents to build the 3D spatial distribution models using the estimated sedimentary facies, porosity, and gas hydrate saturation derived by well logs and core analysis data from UBGH1-4, UBGH1-9, UBGH1-10, UBGH1-14, UBGH2-2-1, UBGH2-2-2, UBGH2-6, UBGH2-9, UBGH2-10 and UBGH2-11. The objective of 3D spatial distribution modeling is to build a geological representation of the gas hydrate-bearing sediment that honors the heterogeneity in 3D grid scale. The facies modeling is populating sedimentary facies into a geological grid using sequential indicator simulation. The porosity and gas hydrate saturation modeling used sequential Gaussian simulation to populate properties stochastically into grid cells.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.334-339
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• 2013

Direct Laser Melting is a prototyping process whereby a 3-D part is built layer wise by melting the metal powder with laser scanning. This process is strongly influenced by the shielding gas and the laser operating parameters such as laser power, scan rate, layering thickness, and rescanning. The shielding gas is especially important in affecting the microstructure and mechanical properties. In the current study, fabrication experiments were conducted in order to analyze the effect of shielding gas on the forming characteristics of direct laser melting. Cylindrical parts were produced from a Fe-Ni-Cr powder with a 200W fiber laser. Surface quality, porosity and hardness as a function of the layering thickness and shield gas were evaluated. By decreasing the layering thickness, the surface quality improved and porosity decreased. The selection of which shield gas, Ar or $N_2$, to obtain better surface quality, lower porosity, and higher hardness was examined. The formability and mechanical properties with a $N_2$ atmosphere are better than those parts formed under an Ar atmosphere.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• v.13 no.spc2
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• pp.241-245
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• 2012

The barrier rib on plasma display panel (PDP) is a typical 3D-patterned thick film with thickness of 120 ㎛ and it is hard to measure its dielectric constant in this state of the product. Because the porosity of ceramic thick film influenced the mechanical and dielectric characteristics, it was expected that there was the relationship between two properties. Therefore, the correlation analysis between porosity, hardness and dielectric constant of the barrier rib was studied and the exponential curve between porosity and hardness, and the quadratic curve between porosity and dielectric constant were drawn. The dielectric constant was well related to hardness by K400kHz = 0.5672 + 5.695 ln(Hv). The hardness was measured at five points on two real panels which sintered by two types of profiles and then dielectric constants and deviation were estimated by the above equation.

• Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.1341-1344
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• 2020

In this study, a simple and effective way to fabricate highly porous scaffolds with controlled porosity and pore size is demonstrated. Ti-7Zr-6Sn-3Mo shape memory alloy fibers were prepared through a melt overflow process. The scaffolds with porosity of 65-85% and large pores of 100-700 ㎛ in size were fabricated by sintering the as-solidified fibers. Microstructures and transformation behaviors of the porous scaffolds were investigated by means of SEM, DSC and XRD. The scaffolds were composed of β phase at room temperature. Superelasticity with the superelastic recovery strain of 7.4% was achieved by β ↔ α" phase transformation. An effect of porosity on mechanical properties of porous scaffolds was investigated by using compressive test. As the porosity increased from 65% to 85%, elastic modulus and compressive strength decreased from 0.95 to 0.06 GPa and from 27 to 2 MPa, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.265-273
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• 2002

In this paper, wave absorbing characteristics of a horizontal submerged punching plate are investigated throughout the calculation and the experiment. The punching plate with the array of circular holes can force the flow to separate and to form eddies of high vorticity and cause significant energy loss. As an analytic tool, the linear water wave theory and the eigenfunction expansion method is applied. Darcy's law that the normal velocity of the fluid passing through the punching plate is linearly proportional to the pressure difference between two sides of the punching plate is assumed. The proportional constant called the porous coefficient is deeply dependent to the porosity. To obtain the relationship between the porosity and the porous coefficient the systematic model test for the punching plates with 6 different porosities is conducted at 2-dimensional wave tank. It is found that the porous coefficient is linearly proportional to the porosity(b=57.63P-0.9717). It is also noted that the optimal porosity value is near P=0.1 and the optimal range of submergence depth is $d/h\\leq0.2$ within entire frequency range.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.621-640
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• 2022

In the present article, the vibration response of a geometrically imperfect bi-directional functionally graded plate (2D-FGP) with geometric discontinuities and micro-structural defects (porosities) has been investigated. A porosity model has been developed to incorporate the effective material properties of the bi-directional FGP which varies in two directions i.e. along the axial and transverse direction. The geometric discontinuity is also introduced in the plate in the form of a circular cut-out at the center of the plate. The structural kinematic formulation is based on the non-polynomial trigonometric higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT). Finite element formulation is done using C° continuous Lagrangian quadrilateral four-noded element with seven degrees of freedom per node. The equations of motion have been derived using a variational approach. Convergence and validation studies have been documented to confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the present formulation. A detailed investigation study has been done to evaluate the influence of the circular cut-out, geometric imperfection, porosity inclusions, partial supports, volume fraction indexes (along with the thickness and length), and geometrical configurations on the vibration response of 2D-FGP. It is concluded that after a particular cut-out dimension, the vibration response of the 2D FGP exhibits non-monotonic behavior.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.224-231
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• 2011

Heating and/or cooling of the channel with pin-fin structure is a promising choice for the efficient heat transfer. Complex pin-fin structure shows highly irregular behavior like porous media. This study shows the numerical analysis on the characteristic of heat transfer and pressure drop of a channel with pin-fin structure. It predicts the experimental data quite well at the high porosity region with large diameter. Low porosity activates the rigorous flow disturbance and, consequently, the enhanced heat transfer. However, the concept of optimum design should be carefully reviewed because the pressure drop is also increased with decreasing porosity at low porosity region.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.85-97
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• 2022

Using a combination of nonlocal Eringen as well as classical beam theories, this research explores the thermal buckling of a bidirectional functionally graded nanobeam. The formulations of the presented problem are acquired by means on conserved energy as well as nonlocal theory. The results are obtained via generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM). The mechanical properties of the generated material vary in both axial and lateral directions, two-dimensional functionally graded material (2D-FGM). In nanostructures, porosity gaps are seen as a flaw. Finally, the information gained is used to the creation of small-scale sensors, providing an outstanding overview of nanostructure production history.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.284-293
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• 1994

The various methods of preparation for the porous hydroxyapatite ceramics using naphthalene, $H_20_2$ and chlorinated paraffine with $H_20_2$ were investigated. And then the prepared orous hydroxyapatite ceramics were characterized by XRD, SEM, FT-IR and the apparent porosity. The pore size of porous hydroxyapatite ceramics was controlled by the content and size of naphthalene granular. It was found that the porosity of it was increased with the amount of naphthalene, but the bending strength was decreased. The application of hydrogen peroxide produced porous materials like a sponge tissue, but the porosity and the shape of sintered body were hardly controlled. In the case of using chlorinated paraffine with the simultaneous addition of hydrogen peroxide, the sponge tissue was obtained and also could be controlled from 50 up to about 65% porosity of it.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2019

Direct Laser Melting (DLM) of $Ti-xTiH_2$ (mixing ratio x = 2, 5, 10 wt.%) blended powder is characterized by producing porous titanium parts. When a high energy laser is irradiated on a $Ti-TiH_2$ blended powder, hydrogen gas ($H_2$) is produced by the accompanying decomposition of the $TiH_2$ powder, and acts as a pore-forming and activator. The hydrogen gas trapped in a rapidly solidified molten pool, which generates porosity in the deposited layer. In this study, the effects of a $TiH_2$ mixing ratio and the associated processing parameters on the development of a porous titanium were investigated. It was determined that as the content of $TiH_2$ increases, the resulting porosity density also increases, due to the increase of $H_2$ produced by $TiH_2$. Also, porosity increases as the scan speed increases. As fast solidified melting pools do not provide enough time for $H_2$ to escape, the faster the scan speed, the more the resulting $H_2$ is captured by the process. The results of this study show that the mixing ratio (x) and laser machining parameters can be adjusted to actively generate and control the porosity of the DLM parts.