• 생물정신의학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.260-266
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• 2006

Objectives : Synapsin III near VCFS region on chromosome 22q affects. It could be an interesting candidate gene for schizophrenia. D22S280 is a highly polymorphic genetic marker residing in synapsin III. We examined association of D22S280 marker on synapsin III with Korean patients with schizophrenia. Methods : The subjects were 46 male Korean patients with schizophrenia and 60 male normal controls. Using polymerase chain reaction, gel electrophoresis, ABI 310 genetic analyzer, and GeneScan Collection 3.1 software, we confirmed genotypes of D22S280 marker. We examined Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and case-control association using SAS/Genetic 9.1.3. Results : Genotypes of both schizophrenia and control groups were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. We could not find any significant statistical differences in allele-wise(${\chi}^2$=10.4, df=6, p=0.098) and genotype-wise (${\chi}^2$=22.1 df=19, p=0.258) analyses of D22S280 marker between schizophrenia and normal controls. Individual allele analyses with df=1 showed significant differences in A1(p=0.025) and A7(p=0.034) allele, which were not significant following Bonferroni corrections(A1:p=0.177, A7:p=0.235). Conclusion : We couldn't find any association between schizophrenia and the synapsin III gene. Given the small number of subjects studied, further investigations are needed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.574-581
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• 2011

A Gram-positive bacterium was isolated from the saline soils of Jangpura (U.P.), India, and showed high-level of radiation-resistant property and survived upto 12.5 kGy dose of gamma radiation. The 16S rDNA sequence of this strain was examined, identified as Bacillus sp. strain HKG 112, and was submitted to the NCBI GenBank (Accession No. GQ925432). The mechanism of radiation resistance and gene level expression were examined by proteomic analysis of whole-cell extract. Two proteins, 38 kDa and 86.5 kDa excised from SDS-PAGE, which showed more significant changes after radiation exposure, were identified by MALDI-TOF as being flagellin and S-layer protein, respectively. Twenty selected 2-DE protein spots from the crude extracts of Bacillus sp. HKG 112, excised from 2- DE, were identified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) out of which 16 spots showed significant changes after radiation exposure and might be responsible for the radiation resistance property. Our results suggest that the different responses of some genes under radiation for the expression of radiation-dependent proteins could contribute to a physiological advantage and would be a significant initial step towards a fullsystem understanding of the radiation stress protection mechanisms of bacteria in different environments.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.317-325
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• 2001

For heuristic purposes, the relative ratio of urease contents inside and outside cells was surveyed using nine ureB+ strains of Helicobacter pylori. the ratio of the enzyme specific activity appeared to vary greatly between the various H. pylori strains, ranging from 0.5 to 2.5. Besides the above compartment, urease was also richly found in the membrane fraction, especially in either peripheral or integral form. The urease distribution across the H. pylori membrane was significantly influenced by the ambient pH; the specific activity of external urease was highest at pH 5.5 with a narrow plateau, whereas the internal specific activity was highest within a pH range of 4.5 to 6.5 with a broad plateau. These finding strongly suggest that H. pylori urease is secretory and responded to the external pH. However, at pH 4.0 or below, no urease activity was detected in either the internal or external compartment, although an increase in the color development with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonate (TNBS) was observed. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) demonstrated that these phenomena may be related to a specific proteolysis in certain proteins, including urease or ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transpeptidase. Interestingly, the effect of ammonium ions n alleviating the enzyme inactivation inside the H. pylori cells was remarkably similar to that of D-glucose. In addition, it would appear that the cation acted as a surrogate of not only $Na^+$ but also $K^+$ thereby increasing the H. pylori P-type ATPase activity. This is of great interest, as it implies that the urease action in H. pylori is indispensible at any locus.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7943-7957
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• 2015

Background and Aims: Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth-suppression potentiality of a crude saponin extract (CSENS) prepared from medicinal herb, Nigella sativa, on human colon cancer cells, HCT116. Materials and Methods: HCT116 cells were subjected to increasing doses of CSENS for 24, 48 and 72 h, and then harvested and assayed for cell viability by WST-1. Flow cytometry analyses, cell death detection ELISA, fluorescent stains (Hoechst 33342 and acridine orange/ethidium bromide), DNA laddering and comet assays were carried out to confirm the apoptogenic effects of CSENS. Luciferase reporter gene assays, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses were performed to assess the impact of CAERS and CFEZO on the expression levels of key regulatory proteins in HCT116 cells. Results: The results demonstrated that CSENS inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis. Apoptosis was confirmed by flow cytometry analyses, while CSENS-treated cells exhibited morphological hallmarks of apoptosis including cell shrinkage, irregularity in cellular shape, cellular detachment and chromatin condensation. Biochemical signs of apoptosis, such as DNA degradation, were observed by comet assay and gel electrophoresis. The pro-apoptotic effect of CSENS was caspase-3-independent and associated with increase of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. CSENS treatment down-regulated transcriptional and DNA-binding activities of NF-${\kappa}B$ and AP-1 proteins, associated with down-regulation of their target oncogenes, c-Myc, cyclin D1 and survivin. On the other hand, CSENS up-regulated transcriptional and DNA-binding activities of Nrf2 and expression of cytoprotective genes. In addition, CSENS modulated the expression levels of ERK1/2 MAPK, p53 and p21. Conclusions: These findings suggest that CSENS may be a valuable agent for treatment of colon cancer.

• BMB Reports
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.153-157
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• 2008

The objective of the present study was to identify mitochondrial components associated with the damage caused by iron to the rat heart. Decreased cell viability was assessed by increased presence of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum. To assess the functional integrity of mitochondria, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), the Respiratory Control Ratio (RCR), ATP and chelatable iron content were measured in the heart. Chelatable iron increased 15-fold in the mitochondria and ROS increased by 59%. Deterioration of mitochondrial function in the presence of iron was demonstrated by low RCR (46% decrease) and low ATP content (96% decrease). Using two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE), we identified alterations in 21 mitochondrial proteins triggered by iron overload. Significantly, expression of the $\alpha$, $\beta$, and d subunits of $F_1F_o$ ATP synthase increased along with the loss of ATP. This suggests that the $F_1F_o$ ATP synthase participates in iron metabolism.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2014

1. Pepsin과 pancreatin 소화물들을 비교한 결과, 순수한 팥 단백질 중에서 소화효소 저항성을 가지는 단백질이 존재하는 것으로 확인되었다. 2. 팥의 주요 단백질을 제거하고 pepsin과 pancreatin으로 소화시켰을 때 더 많은 분해가 일어나는 것으로 보아 팥의 주요단백질들 중에 소화효소 저항성을 가지는 것이 많을 것이라 추측된다. 3. 팥의 주요 단백질들은 장 점막세포와는 크게 작용하지 않는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 4. 팥 단백질의 데이터베이스 구축과 팥 단백질이 다른 영양소들과의 상호작용을 하는 지에 대한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.228-234
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• 1984

탈지 대두박으로 부터 추출 분리하여 얻어진 분리대두 단백질에 효소(pepsin 및 trypsin)를 처리하여 부분적 단백질 가수분해물을 만들고 이들 제품의 가수분해 정도를 고유점도 측정, 수용성 단백질 및 유리아미노산 농도 측정과 전기영동등으로 평가하였으며 가수분해물의 유체변형성과 식품기능성외 변화를 평가하였다. 가수분해물의 고유점도는 사용된 효소의 종류와 처리시간에 따라 변화하였으며 가수분해에 의한 수용성 단백질의 농도 변화와 일반적으로 역비례 하였다. 0.03 M$CaCl_2$, 용액에서의 용해도와 ninhydrin test에 의한 TCA가용성 단백질 함량은 고유점도의 변화와 밀접한 상관관계를 나타내었으므로 가수분해 정토를 나타내는 지표로 사용될 수 있었다. S. D. S. - P. A. G. 전기영동 패턴은 사용한 효소와 처리시간에 따라 다른 형태를 나타냈으며 pepsin처리에 있어서는 가수분해 정도가 증가함에 따라 주로 11S분획이 선택적으로 분해되었으며 trypsin처리에 있어서는 7S와 11S모두 영향을 받았다. 가수분해물의 흐름형태는 4%용액에서 거의 New tonian 유체형태를 나타내었으며 apparent viscosity는 가수분해 정도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 유화용량 및 유화안정도는 SPI보다 모두 낮은 값을 나타냈으며 같은 효소처리인 경우 가수분해 정도가 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 기포형성은 SPI보다 현저하게 증가하였으나 기포안정도는 가수분해 정도가 증가함에 따라 급격하게 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2011

Bacillus licheniformis로 부터 phospholipase D (PLD)로 추정되는 유전자를 PCR 기술을 이용하여 분리하여 pGEM-T easy 운반체에 cloning 하였다. 분리된 유전자는 His6가 붙은 pET-21 운반체를 이용하여 E. coli BL21 (DE3)에서 발현시켰다. 재 조합된 PLD는 nikel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) resin을 갖는 column을 이용하여 affinity chromatography로 분리하였다. SDS-PAGE 분석 결과 PLD로 추정되는 단백질은 약 44 kDa의 주요 단일밴드를 나타내었다. 분리된 효소의 최적 활성도는 pH 7.0에서 나타났으며 이 조건에서 또한 효소가 제일 안정되었다. 효소활성에 미치는 최적 온도는 $40-45^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 형성되어 비교적 높은 온도를 나타내었으며 비교적 넓은 범위의 온도에서 상당히 높은 효소 활성도를 나타내었다. 여러 가지 detergent 중에서 Triton X-100을 0.6 mM까지 첨가할 경우 PLD의 효소활성도는 점진적으로 증가하여 대조구 대비 최대 181%의 효소 활성도를 나타내었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.685-695
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• 2011

Satellite cells are skeletal muscle progenitor/stem cells that reside between the basal lamina and plasma membranes of skeletal fibers in vivo. These cells can give rise to both myogenic and adipogenic cells. Given the possible role for differentiation of satellite cells into adipocytes in marbling and in some pathological disorders like sarcopenia, knowledge of the proteins involved in such process remains obscure. Using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry, we investigated the proteins that are differentially expressed during adipogenic differentiation of satellite cells from bovine longissimus muscle. Our proteome mapping strategy to identify the differentially expressed intracellular proteins during adipogenic differentiation revealed a total of 25 different proteins. The proteins up-regulated during adipogenic differentiation of satellite cells like Cathepsin H precursor, Retinal dehydrogenase 1, Enoyl-CoA hydratase, Ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase, T-complex protein 1 subunit beta and ATP synthase D chain were found to be associated with lipid metabolism. The down-regulated proteins like LIM protein, annexin proteins, cofilin-1, Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 1 and septin-2, identified in the present study were found to be associated with myogenesis. These results clearly demonstrate that the adipogenic conversion of muscle satellite cells is associated with the up-regulated and down-regulated proteins involved in adipogenesis and myogenesis respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.2049-2057
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• 2015

Various salt concentrations (1.0%, 1.3%, 1.6%, 1.9%, and 2.1% labeled as sample A, B, C, D, and E, respectively) were investigated for microbial diversity, identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) in salted kimchi cabbage, prepared under laboratory conditions. These samples were stored at 4°C for 5 weeks in proper aluminum-metalized pouch packaging with calcium hydroxide gas absorber. A culture-independent method known as polymerase chain reaction - denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was carried out to identify LAB distributions among various salt concentration samples that had identified 2 Weissella (W. confusa and W. soli), 1 Lactobacillus (Lb. sakei), and 3 Leuconostoc (Lc. mesenteroides, Lc. lactis, and Lc. gelidum) in the overall kimchi samples. The pH, titratable acidity, viable cell counts, and coliform counts were not affected by salt variations. In order to assess sensory acceptance, the conducted sensory evaluation using a 9-point hedonic scale had revealed that samples with 1.3% salt concentration (lower than the manufacturer's regular salt concentration) was more preferred, indicating that the use of 1.3% salt concentration was acceptable in normal kimchi fermentation for its quality and safety. Despite similarities in pH, titratable acidity, viable cell counts, coliform counts, and LAB distributions among the various salt concentrations of kimchi samples, the sample with 1.3% salt concentration was shown to be the most preferred, indicating that this salt concentration was suitable in kimchi production in order to reduce salt intake through kimchi consumptions.