• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.67-78
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• 1994

The author examined the relationship of two markers, D5S39(p105-153Ra), D5S76(p105-599Ha) of chromosome 5 and $D_2$, $D_3$ receptor genes in a Korean schizophrenic pedigree using polymerase chain reaction(PCR). The results were as follows : 1) On D5S39 locus, 5 different alleles(224/226 bp : 4 cases, 218/226 bp : 3 cases, 222/226 bp : 3 cases, 218/230 bp : 1 case, 222/224 bp : 1 case) were produced. 2) On D5S76 locus, 5 different alleles(102/112 bp : 4 cases, 94/112 bp : 3 cases, 108/112 bp 3 cases, 94/94 bp : 1 case, 102/108 bp 1 case) were produced. 3) On $D_2$ receptor gene, 3 different alleles($A_1A_2$ : 8 cases, $A_1A_1$ : 2 cases, $A_2A_2$ : cases) were produced. 4) On $D_3$ receptor gene, 2 different alleles(1/2 : 7 cases, 1/1 : 5 cases) were produced. The author had not find any specific alleles on all four loci in all pedigree nor any specific alleles in the schizophrenic patients. Though the author has not found absolute relationship between the four loci and the onset of schizophrenia, there still remains the possibilities if the more detailed and elaborated pedigree studies are done.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2017

Elastomeric o-ring performance and structure when subjected to a foreign object is studied using finite element analysis (FEA). Elastomeric o-rings have been studied using 2D analysis for a long time. Contact pressure is an important factor in o-ring design. When contact pressure is lower than applied pressure, leaking, vibration, and noise can occur; resulting in decreased output. In this study, we compared 2D and 3D analyses of elastomeric o-rings. Similar results were shown for 2D and 3D contact pressure. However, when an o-ring encounters foreign object matter, 3D analysis is required because contact pressure in every direction needs to be considered. We determined the influence of foreign matter on o-ring performance and structure by analyzing 10 cases with different clearances in a 3D model. Therefore, an o-ring encountering foreign object matter must be analyzed in 3D with the result included in the o-ring design.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.423-427
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• 1999

A study was carried out to evaluate flavonol glycosides in leaves of Symplocarpus renifolius (Araceae). From the water fraction of the MeOH extract, three new flavonol glycosides were isolated along with three known compounds, Kaempferol-3-O-$\beta$-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosy-1-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside, and caffeic acid. The structures of the new flavonol glycosides were elucidated by chemical and spectral analyses a quercetin-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 2)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosdie, and quercetin-3-O$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-$\beta$-D-glycopyranosyl-7-O-($6^{IIII}$-trans-caffeoyl)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.227-232
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• 2016

3D body scan data are used widely in various fields to make products and living spaces for superior human body fitness. Based on the 3D measurements of human bodies for teens in Size Korea 2013, this research provides a way of finding the representative body sizes and 3D body scan data. First, a multi-dimensional vector space consisting of many measurement items was projected onto a 2D vector space with circumference and length components via factor analysis. The representative body sizes and 3D scan data close to these values were obtained via the Mahalanobis distance in 2D space. Considering the adolescent growth pattern shown on this 2D space, males were divided into 4 age groups and females were divided into 3 age groups. Using the eigenbodies corresponding to the column vectors of the component score coefficient matrix, the representative body sizes of 13 measurement items (male) and 14 measurement items (female) for each age group were calculated. The representative body sizes and 3D scan data are very useful for modeling representative 3D human figures.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1347-1358
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• 2011

This study purposed to analyze differences in body measurement between the 2D direct body measuring method and the 3D body scan measuring method and to perform the appearance evaluation and cross-sectional evaluation of the fit of pants to which body measurements obtained by each measuring method were applied. Body measuring was conducted in 10 women in their 20s-30s using 2D direct body measuring and 3D automatic measuring with Hamamatsu body scanner. Among the 10 women, 3 participated in experimental garment wearing. Experimental pants were made using their 2D direct body measurements and 3D automatic measurements, and wearing tests were performed through expert evaluation and cross-sectional evaluation. The results of the experiment were as follows. According to the results of comparative analysis on differences between 2D direct body measurements and 3D scan measurements, 3D automatic measurements were significantly larger in bust circumference, ankle circumference, armscye circumference, shoulder length, scye depth, and arm length. As circumferences measured with the 3D body scanner were somewhat larger than directly measured ones, it is suggested to adjust ease when using existing pattern making methods. We prepared experimental garments by the same pattern making method through applying body measurements obtained with the two measuring methods, and assessed the fit of the garment comparatively through expert evaluation and 3D scan cross-sectional evaluation. According to the results, 2D-pants using 2D direct body measurements was slightly tighter than 3D-pants using 3D measurements in waist circumference, hip circumference, and abdominal circumference. In the results of comparing appearance in terms of the fit of the experimental garment in each subject, significant difference was observed in most of the compared items. This result suggests that 3D automatic body measuring data may show different accuracy according to body shape and therefore it is necessary to examine difference between 2D direct body measurements and 3D automatic measurements according to body shape.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.674-682
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• 2014

Four experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of fat-soluble vitamin administration to sows or newborn pigs on plasma vitamin status. In Exp. 1 and 2, a total of 24 and 43 newborn pigs were allotted to control and vitamin treatments (vitamin $D_3$ with variable addition of vitamins A and E) orally or by i.m. injection. In Exp. 3, pigs from Exp. 2 were allotted to 2 treatments (${\alpha}$vitamins $D_3$ and E in drinking water) for 14 d postweaning. In Exp. 4, twenty-four gestating sows were used for 2 treatments (${\pm}injection$ of a vitamin $D_3$/A/E product 2 wk prepartum). In Exp. 1 and 2, when vitamin $D_3$ was administrated orally or by i.m. injection on d 1 of age, pigs had increased plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH $D_3$) concentration 10 d after administration compared with control pigs (p<0.05). The injectable administration with vitamin $D_3$ and E was able to achieve higher plasma 25-OH $D_3$ (p<0.05) and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (p<0.05) concentrations than oral administration. At weaning, the pigs in the injection group had higher plasma 25-OH $D_3$ concentration than those in the other groups in both studies (p<0.05). In Exp. 3, water supplementation of vitamin $D_3$ and E postweaning increased plasma 25-OH $D_3$ and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentrations at d 14 postweaning (p<0.01). In Exp. 4, when sows were injected with the vitamin $D_3$ product prepartum, serum 25-OH $D_3$ concentrations of sows at farrowing (p<0.01), and in their progeny at birth (p<0.01) and weaning (p<0.05) were increased. These results demonstrated that fat-soluble vitamin administration to newborn pigs increased plasma 25-OH $D_3$ concentration regardless of administration routes and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentration by the injectable route, and that water supplementation of vitamin $D_3$ and E to nursery pigs increased plasma 25-OH $D_3$ and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentrations. Additionally, injecting sows with vitamin $D_3$ prepartum increased 25-OH $D_3$ in sows and their offspring. If continued research demonstrates that the serum levels of 25-OH $D_3$ are critical in weanling pigs, a variety of means to increase those levels are available to swine producers.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the validity of three-dimensional (3D) facial scan taken with facial scanner and digital photo wrapping on the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Twenty-five patients had their CBCT scan, two-dimensional (2D) standardized frontal photographs and 3D facial scan obtained on the same day. The facial scans were taken with a facial scanner in an upright position. The 2D standardized frontal photographs were taken at a fixed distance from patients using a camera fixed to a cephalometric apparatus. The 2D integrated facial models were created using digital photo wrapping of frontal photographs on the corresponding CBCT images. The 3D integrated facial models were created using the integration process of 3D facial scans on the CBCT images. On the integrated facial models, sixteen soft tissue landmarks were identified, and the vertical, horizontal, oblique and angular distances between soft tissue landmarks were compared among the 2D facial models and 3D facial models, and CBCT images. Result: The results showed no significant differences of linear and angular measurements among CBCT images, 2D and 3D facial models except for Se-Sn vertical linear measurement which showed significant difference for the 3D facial models. The Bland-Altman plots showed that all measurements were within the limit of agreement. For 3D facial model, all Bland-Altman plots showed that systematic bias was less than 2.0 mm and 2.0° except for Se-Sn linear vertical measurement. For 2D facial model, the Bland-Altman plots of 6 out of 11 of the angular measurements showed systematic bias of more than 2.0°. Conclusion: The facial scan taken with facial scanner showed a clinically acceptable performance. The digital 2D photo wrapping has limitations in clinical use compared to 3D facial scans.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.157-164
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• 2011

Since the movie "Avatar" made world-widely a big success, people's interest to 3D stereoscopic vision has been increasing explosively. However, it is hard to predict that for how long this tremendous attention to 3D stereoscopic would last; consumers have accumulated experience and predominant consciousness from social and cultural environmental various factors. This paper, we will try to see how people interact with 3D stereo through the empirical study. Using Jannett (2009)'s immersion questionnaire, we will measure how different people get immersed while playing game in 3D stereoscopic and 2D.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.13 no.3 s.33
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• pp.189-195
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• 2006

Let R be a prime ring with characteristics not 2 and ${\sigma},\;{\tau},\;{\alpha},\;{\beta}$ be auto-morphisms of R. Suppose that $d_1$ is a (${\sigma},\;{\tau}$)-derivation and $d_2$ is a (${\alpha},\;{\beta}$)-derivation on R such that $d_{2}{\alpha}\;=\;{\alpha}d_2,\;d_2{\beta}\;=\;{\beta}d_2$. In this note it is shown that; (1) If $d_1d_2$(R) = 0 then $d_1$ = 0 or $d_2$ = 0. (2) If [$d_1(R),d_2(R)$] = 0 then R is commutative. (3) If($d_1(R),d_2(R)$) = 0 then R is commutative. (4) If $[d_1(R),d_2(R)]_{\sigma,\tau}$ = 0 then R is commutative.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.521-528
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose the method of converting 2D image to 3D image using linear curves in HTML5. We use only one image without any other information about depth map for creating 3D images. So we filter the original image to extract RGB colors for left and right eyes. After selecting the ready-made control point of linear curves to set up depth values, users can set up the depth values and modify them. Based on the depth values that the end users select, we reflect them. Anaglyph 3D is automatically made with the whole and partial depth information. As all of this work has been designed and implemented in Web environment using HTML5, it is very easy and convenient and end users can create any 3D image that they want to make.