• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to find out the areas and their constitute elements of new apprenticeship through the expert of vocational education to improve the growth potential in the field of industry. Through the three times Delphi research process final composing areas and elements(total 6 areas and 41 sub-elements) of new apprenticeship were extracted. Followings are specific study results of 41 sub-elements for the 6 areas. In area A(Technology Skill aspect) total nine sub-elements were deducted as follows. Technology skill's field appling ability, new technology skill's acquisition, quality assurance ability, research development ability, material management using ability, problem solving ability, core technology skill understanding ability, idea's imagery expressing ability, creative design ability. In area B(Institutional aspect) total five sub-elements were deducted as follows. Flexible human material support, precise division of works, objective result assessment, institutionalization of responsibilities and liabilities between teacher and student, institutionalization of duty invention reward. In area C(Affective aspect) total eight sub-elements were deducted as follows. Manners and cooperation between teacher & student and peer, values for job, basic attitude for technology, job ethic sense, respect of other organization, active action to organization change, attitude of technology successor, service mind. In area D(Self-improvement aspect) total nine sub-elements were deducted as follows. Self evaluation and reflection, cultivate of organization understanding, career planning and developing ability, sound philosophy of life, communication ability, decision making ability, prepare of individual competence enhance system, self-control ability improvement, reaction of unexpected situation. In area E(Knowledge aspect) total four sub-elements were deducted as follows. Basic knowledge of relevant area, knowledge of new technology & preceding technology, fusion and relocation of knowledge, practical knowledge. In area F(Environmental aspect) total six sub-elements were deducted as follows. Awareness of business environment, understanding of education and practice environment, understanding of apprenticeship's business demand, connectivity of region community, adapt ability of labor market's change, awareness of society environment change.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.677-681
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• 2005

A study was conducted to see the effect of dietary incorporation of alkali (1.5% NaOH, w/w) processed solvent extracted karanj cake (SKC) supplemented with methionine on growth performance, humoral immune response and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens from 0 to 8 weeks of age. One hundred and twenty, day- old broiler chicks were wing banded, vaccinated against Marek' disease and distributed in a completely randomized design (CRD) into 3 groups of 40 chicks each, which was further replicated to 4 and fed on diet containing soybean meal and those of test groups were fed diets containing alkali (1.5% NaOH) treated SKC partially replacing soybean meal nitrogen of reference diet (12.5%) without or with supplementation of methionine (0.2%). Individual body weight of chicks and replicate-wise feed intakes were recorded at weekly intervals throughout the experimental period. Feed consumption from 1 to 14, 28, 42 and 56 d of age was recorded for each replicate and feed conversion efficiency (weight gain/feed intake) for the respective period was calculated. Mortality was monitored on daily basis. On 28$^{th}$ day of experimental feeding, two birds of each replicate in each dietary group (8 birds/diet) were inoculated with 0.1 ml of a 1.0% suspension of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and the antibody titre (log 2) was measured after 5 days by the microtitre haemmagglutination procedure. After 42 days of experimental feeding, a retention study of 4 days (43-47 d) duration was conducted on all birds to determine the retention of various nutrients such as DM, N, Ca, P and GE. On 43$^{rd}$ day of experimental feeding, one representative bird from each replicate of a dietary treatment (4/dietary group) was sacrificed, after fasting for two hours with free access to water, through cervical dislocation to observe the weight of dressed carcass, primal cuts (breast, thigh, drumstick, back, neck and wing), giblet (liver, heart and gizzard), abdominal fat and digestive organs. The body weight gain of chicks fed reference diet and those fed diet incorporated with NaOH treated SKC (12.5% replacement) with or without methionine supplementation was comparable during 0 to 4 weeks of age. However, dietary incorporation of alkali processed SKC replacing 12.5% nitrogen moiety of soybean meal resulted in growth retardation, subsequently as evidenced by significantly (p<0.05) lowered body weight gain during 0 to 6 weeks of age in birds fed diet incorporated with alkali processed SKC at 6.43% without methionine as compared to those supplemented with methionine or reference diet. Dietary incorporation of alkali (1.5% NaOH) processed SKC replacing 12.5% of soybean meal nitrogen in the diet of broiler chickens had no adverse effect on feed conversion ratio during all the weeks of experimental feeding. The humoral immune response (HIR) as measured by the antibody titre in response to SRBC inoculation was comparable among all the dietary groups. No significant difference in the intake and retention of DM, N, Ca, P or GE was noted among the chicks fed reference and alkali processed SKC incorporated diets with or without methionine supplementation. None of the carcass traits varied significantly due to dietary variations, except the percent weight of liver and giblet. The percent liver weight was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the birds fed diet incorporated with alkali processed SKC as compared to that in other two groups. Thus solvent extracted karanj cake could be incorporated after alkali (1.5% NaOH, w/w) processing at an enhanced level of 6.43%, replacing 12.5% of soybean meal nitrogen, in the broiler diets up to 4 weeks of age, beyond which the observed growth depression on this diet could be alleviated by 0.2% methionine supplementation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.298-298
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• 2014

Quantum dot infrared photodetectors (QDIPs) based on Stranski-Krastanov (SK) quantum dots (QDs) have been widely explored for improved device performance using various designs of heterostructures. However, one of the biggest limitations of this approach is the "pancake" shape of the dot, with a base of 20-30 nm and a height of 4-6 nm. This limits the 3D confinement in the quantum dot and reduces the ratio of normal incidence absorption to the off-axis absorption. One of the alternative growth modes to the formation of SK QDs is a sub-monolayer (SML) deposition technique, which can achieve a much higher density, smaller size, better uniformity, and has no wetting layer as compared to the SK growth mode. Due to the advantages of SML-QDs, the SML-QDIP design has attractive features such as increased normal incidence absorption, strong in-plane quantum confinement, and narrow spectral wavelength detection as compared with SK-DWELL. In this study, we report on the improved device performance of InAs/InGaAs SML-QDIP with different composition of $Al_xGa1-_xAs$ barrier. Two SML-QDIPs (x=0.07 for sample A and x=0.20 for sample B) are grown with the 4 stacks 0.3 ML InAs. It is investigated that sample A with a confinement-enhanced (CE) $Al_{0.22}Ga_{0.78}As$ barrier had a single peak at $7.8{\mu}m$ at 77 K. However, sample B with an $Al_{0.20}Ga_{0.80}As$ barrier had three peaks at (${\sim}3.5{\mu}m$, ${\sim}5{\mu}m$, ${\sim}7{\mu}m$) due to various quantum confined transitions. The measured peak responsivities (see Fig) are ~0.45 A/W (sample A, at $7.8{\mu}m$, $V_b=-0.4V$ bias) and ~1.3 A/W (sample B, at $7{\mu}m$, $V_b=-1.5V$ bias). At 77 K, sample A and B had a detectivity of $1.2{\times}10^{11}cm.Hz^{1/2}/W$ ($V_b=-0.4V$ bias) and $5.4{\times}10^{11}cm.Hz^{1/2}/W$ ($V_b=-1.5V$ bias), respectively. It is obvious that the higher $D^*$ of sample B (than sample A) is mainly due to the low dark current and high responsivity.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.494-503
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• 2000

A 21-residue peptide corresponding to amino acids 84-104 of $p16^{INK4A}$, the tumor suppressor, has been synthesized and its structure was studied by Circular Dichroism, $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling. A p16-derived peptide (84-104 amino acids) forming stable complex with CDK4 and CDK6 inhibits the ability of CDK4/6 to phosphorylate pRb in vitro, and blocks cell-cycle progression through G1/S phase as shown in the function of the full-length p16. Its NMR spectral data including NOEs, $^3J_{NH-H{\alpha}}$ coupling constants, $C_{\alpha}H$ chemical shift, the average amplitude of amide chemical shift oscillation and temperature coefficients indicate that the secondary structure of a p16-derived peptide is similar to that of the same region of full-length p16, which consists of helix-turn-helix structure. The 3-D distance geometry structure based on NOE-hased distance and torsion angle restraints is characterized by ${\gamma}$-turn conformation between residues $Gly^{89}-Leu^{91}$(${\varphi}_{i+1}=-79.8^{\circ}$, ${\varphi}_{i+1}=60.2^{\circ}$) as evidenced in a single crystal structure for the corresponding region of p18 or p19, but is undefined at both the N and C termini. This compact and rigid ${\gamma}$-turn region is considered to stabilize the structure of p16-derived peptide and serve as a site recognizing cyelin dependent kinase, and this well-defined ${\gamma}$-turn structure could be utilized for the design of anti-cancer drug candidates.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.190-197
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate thermal environment and heat budget of light thin layer green roof through an experiment in order to quantify its heat budget. Two concrete model boxes($1.2m(W){\times}1.2m(D){\times}1.0m(H)$) were constructed: One experiment box with Zoysia japonica planted on substrate depth of 10cm and one control box without any plant. Between June 6th and 7th, 2012, outside climatic conditions(air temperature, relative humidity, wind direction, wind speed), evapotranspiration, surface and ceiling temperature, heat flux, and heat budget of the boxes were measured. Daily maximum temperature of those two days was $29.4^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$, and daily evapotranspiration was $2,686.1g/m^2$ and $3,312.8g/m^2$, respectively. It was found that evapotranspiration increased as the quantity of solar radiation increased. A surface and ceiling temperature of those two boxes was compared when outside air temperature was the greatest. and control box showed a greater temperature in both cases. Thus it was found that green roof was effective in reducing temperature. As results of heat budget analysis, heat budget of a green roof showed a greater proportion of net radiation and latent heat while heat budget of the control box showed a greater proportion of sensible heat and conduction heat. The significance of this study was to analyze heat budget of green roof temperature reduction. As substrate depth and types, species and seasonal changes may have influences on temperature reduction of green roof, further study is necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.307-319
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• 2009

Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technology has been regarded as one of the most possible and practical option to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and consequently to mitigate the climate change. Korean government also have started a 10-year R&D project on $CO_2$ storage in sea-bed geological structure including gas field and deep saline aquifer since 2005. Various relevant researches are carried out to cover the initial survey of suitable geological structure storage site, monitoring of the stored $CO_2$ behavior, basic design of $CO_2$ transport and storage process and the risk assessment and management related to $CO_2$ leakage from engineered and geological processes. Leakage of $CO_2$ to the marine environment can change the chemistry of seawater including the pH and carbonate composition and also influence adversely on the diverse living organisms in ecosystems. Recently, IMO (International Maritime Organization) have developed the risk assessment and management framework for the $CO_2$ sequestration in sub-seabed geological structures (CS-SSGS) and considered the sequestration as a waste management option to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. This framework for CS-SSGS aims to provide generic guidance to the Contracting Parties to the London Convention and Protocol, in order to characterize the risks to the marine environment from CS-SSGS on a site-specific basis and also to collect the necessary information to develop a management strategy to address uncertainties and any residual risks. The environmental risk assessment (ERA) plan for $CO_2$ storage work should include site selection and characterization, exposure assessment with probable leak scenario, risk assessment from direct and in-direct impact to the living organisms and risk management strategy. Domestic trial of the $CO_2$ capture and sequestration in to the marine geologic formation also should be accomplished through risk management with specified ERA approaches based on the IMO framework. The risk assessment procedure for $CO_2$ marine storage should contain the following components; 1) prediction of leakage probabilities with the reliable leakage scenarios from both engineered and geological part, 2) understanding on physio-chemical fate of $CO_2$ in marine environment especially for the candidate sites, 3) exposure assessment methods for various receptors in marine environments, 4) database production on the toxic effect of $CO_2$ to the ecologically and economically important species, and finally 5) development of surveillance procedures on the environmental changes with adequate monitoring techniques.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.677-686
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary wild-ginseng adventitious root meal on growth performance, blood characteristics and meat quality characteristics in growing-finishing pigs. Ninety six pigs[(Landrace×Yorkshire)×Duroc] with average initial body weight of 68.29±0.31kg were used in 70d growth trial. Dietary treatments included 1) CON(Basal diet), 2) WGR1(Basal diet+0.5% wild- ginseng adventitious root meal), 3) WGR2(Basal diet+1.0% wild-ginseng adventitious root meal) and 4) WGR3(Basal diet+1.5% wild-ginseng adventitious root meal). The pigs were allotted into four dietary treatments with six replicate pens and four pigs per pen in a completely randomized design. For the whole period, final body weight and ADG were increased in CON treatment compared to WGR3 treatment(Linear effect, P=0.005). In blood characteristics, red blood cell(RBC) was significantly increased in CON and WGR2 treatments compared to WGR1 treatment (Quadratic effect, P=0.019). WGR2 treatment resulted in higher white blood cell(WBC) than CON and WGR1 treatments(Linear effect, P=0.041). WBC difference was significantly improved in WGR2 treatment compared to other treatments (Linear effect, P=0.042). Total protein was increased in WGR2 treatment compared to CON treatment (Quadratic effect, P=0.011). In cholesterol concentration of blood, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were not significantly different among treatments. In meet quality, pH in WGR1 treatment was higher than WGR3 treatment(Quadratic effect=0.022). Water holding capacity(WHC) was significantly increased in WGR2 treatment compared to WGR3 treatment(Quadratic effect, P=0.050).

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.327-332
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis on meat quality, growth performance and fecal malodor gas emission in finishing pigs. Thirty-six pigs (Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire ${\times}$ Duroc, $83.53{\pm}1.01\;kg$ average initial body weight) were used in a 35 d growth assay. Dietary treatments were 1) CON (basal diet), 2) B1 (basal diet + B. subtilis 0.1%) and 3) B2 (basal diet + B. subtilis 0.2%). The pigs were distributed into four pigs per pen with three replicate pens per treatments by completely randomized design. For the entire period, the final weight, ADO, ADFI and gain/feed were not significantly different among the treatments. There were no significant differences in meat quality (sensory evalution, meat color, TBARS, water holding capacity, drip loss, cooking loss and M. longissimus dorsi area) among the treatments. $H_2S$ was significantly decreased in B2 treatment compared to CON and B1 treatments (p<0.05). However, ammonia, mercaptans and acetic acid were not significantly different among the treatments. In conclusion, B. subtilis 0.2% treatments decreased fecal $H_2S$ gas emission in finishing pigs.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.504-512
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• 2022

To examine the distribution of internal solar radiation within various locations in multi-span greenhouses, the solar radiation, light transmittance, and accumulated radiation at the central and lateral sections were analyzed by dividing 8:30 to 12:30 in the morning and 12:35 to 16:30 in the afternoon. The growth and yield of tomatoes within these sections were also compared. In the morning, the solar radiation of the central section and the side section was 275.2 W·m^-2 and 314.9 W·m^-2, while in the afternoon, it was 314.9 W·m^-2 and 313.9 W·m^-2, respectively. The light transmittance and accumulated radiation were also low, confirming the low distribution of solar radiation in the central (connecting) section of the multi-span greenhouses. The growth survey revealed no significant difference. The final yield of tomatoes per plant was 4,828 g in the central section and 4,851 g in the lateral section, but there was no significant difference in the central section compared to the lateral section by 0.5%. However, the amount of solar radiation as per time in the central section is higher than the light compensation point, 60 W·m^-2, and slightly lower than the light saturation point of tomatoes, i.e., 281 W·m^-2. The results of this study can help in greenhouse design based on the insolation environment.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2008

This study was conducted to identify the correlation of bacterial phytase ($Transphos^{(R)}$) to the calcium level in feed. Of all 21-week-old 720 HyLine brown laying hens, 2 birds of similar weight were placed on each individual cage. The experiment was conducted by $3{\times}2{\times}3$ factorial design with including 3 different levels of phytase (0, 300, and 1,000 DPU/kg), 2 different levels of calcium (3.5% and 4.0%), and 3 different levels of no NPP addition 0% (0.095 NPP), 0.5% (0.185% NPP), and 1.0% (0.275% NPP). The feeding trial maintained the ME level of 2,800 kcal/kg and 16% for crude protein. The diet was fed ad libitum and 17 hours of lighting was provided throughout the experimental period. Egg production seemed to increase, in the 300 DPU of bacterial phytase added group and the cracked egg tended to reduce in Transphos added group. The egg productivity between treatment groups did not show significant difference by dietary calcium level, whereas non NPP added group (0.095% NPP) was found to be low compared to NPP added groups (P<0.05). The highest mean egg weight and the highest daily egg mass were detected in 300 DPU phytase added group. Although the mean egg weight was significantly higher in treatment groups fed with 3.5% calcium containing feeds (P<0.05), daily egg mass was no among treatment groups. The mean egg weight and daily egg mass were the lowest in non NPP added group (0.095% NPP) compared to other treatment groups (P<0.05). The feed intake showed similar pattern regardless of the bacterial phytase and calcium levels in the diet. However, the treatment groups fed diets containing NPP level of 0.275% and 0.165% showed significantly higher feed intake than the group fed with 0.095% NPP (P<0.05). Although the feed conversion was not affected by calcium and NPP levels in the diet, the most improved result was obtained from 300 DPU phytase added group (P<0.05). The eggshell breaking strength and thickness increased as dietary calcium level increase the level of calcium increases in diet. The treatment groups fed diet containing 0.275% and 0.165% NPP revealed to show improvement in eggshell breaking strength and yolk color index compared to the NPP non added (0.095% NPP) treatment group. The result of the present study suggests that the appropriate level of microbial phytase is 300 DPU and at this level, tricalciumphosphate supplementation in feed can be reduced to 40% of NRC recommendation. Higher calcium level in feed fail to show synergistic effect by adding microbial phytase.