• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.20-31
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the consistency of 1-day and 3-day average dietary intake using the 24-hour diet recall method and to investigate the relationship of diet intake with physiological indicators potentially associated with diabetic complications in patients with diabetes. Methods: This study conducted a secondary data analysis using pretest data of a nursing intervention study entitled "Development of deep learning based AI coaching program for diabetic patients with high risk and examination of its effects." Data were analyzed through descriptive analysis, one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficients using SPSS 26.0. Results: The average total daily calorie intake over 3 days was 1,494.48 ± 436.47 kcal/day: 1,510.90 ± 547.76 kcal/day on the first day, 1,414.22 ± 527.58 kcal/day on the second day, 1,558.34 ± 645.83 kcal/ day on the third day, showing significant differences (F = 3.59, p = .031). The correlation coefficient between the 1-day and 3-day average dietary intake was 0.41-0.77 for each nutrient and 0.62-0.80 for each food group. Vegetable intake showed negative correlations with body mass index (BMI; r = -.19, p = .023) and triglycerides (r = -.18, p = .036), whereas dairy intake was positively associated with low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL; r = -0.18, p = .034) and triglycerides (r = .40, p<.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that 1-day dietary intake was highly correlated with 3-day average dietary intake using the 24-hour diet recall method. Food groups showed significant associations with physiological indicators of potential diabetic complications such as BMI, triglycerides, and LDL levels. Further studies are needed to improve the knowledge base on the relationships between physiological indicators and food groups.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.260-265
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• 2011

The objectives of this study were to develop a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for Vietnamese female immigrants in Korea and to evaluate the validity of the FFQ. A total of 80 food items were selected in developing the FFQ according to consumption frequency, the contribution of energy and other nutrients, and the cooking methods based on one-day 24 hour recall (24HR) from 918 Vietnamese female immigrants between November 2006 and November 2007. The FFQ was validated by comparison with 24HR of 425 Vietnamese female immigrants between November 2008 and August 2009. The absolute nutrient intake calculated from the FFQ was higher than that estimated by 24HR for most nutrients. The correlation coefficients between 24HR and FFQ ranged from 0.10 (vitamin C) - 0.36 (energy) for crude intake, 0.05 (vitamin E) - 0.32 (calcium) for per 1000 kcal, and 0.08 (zinc) - 0.34 (calcium) for energy-adjusted, respectively. More than 70% of subjects were classified into the same or adjacent agreement groups for nutrients other than fiber, sodium, vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin E, while less than 10% of subjects were classified into complete disagreement groups. We conclude that the FFQ appears to be an acceptable tool for estimating nutrient intake and dietary patterns of Vietnamese female immigrants in Korea. Future studies to validate the FFQ using various biomarkers or other dietary assessment methods are needed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1021-1027
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• 1996

This study examined the patterns of nutrient intakes measured by 1-, 3-, 7-day recalls and records as well as food frequency questionnaire among 59 females volunteers enrolled in the university in Seoul, Korea. Over a 4 month period, a modified Willett food frequency questionnaire was administered once, and a 24-hour dietary recall was conducted 12 times and a weighted dietary record 14 times. From these 12 recalls and 14 records, 1-, 3-, 7-day data were randomly selected. For energy and 11 nutrients, group mean intakes derived from food frequency questionnaire were higher than from recalls and records. Group mean intakes from recalls and records showed little differences depending on days of dietary studies and dietary methods. Measures of agreement were calculated by weighted kappa and intraclass correlation coefficient values calculated for quintile categories while comparing to the results of 26 days recalls and records. Weighted kappa values ranged from 0.11 for riboflavin to 0.36 for vitamin C for and 1-day recall, and from 0.21 for iron to 0.31 for energy for the 1-day record. Weighted kappa values were increased as the number of days of dietary studies increased (0.34-0.57 for the 3-day recalls, 0.27-0.50 for the 3-day records, 0.50-0.68 for the 7-day recalls, and 0.50-0.65 for the 7-day records). Weighted kappa values for food frequency questionnaire were higher than the 1-day data, but lower than the 3-and-7day data(0.34 for energy, 0.31 for iron and 0.22 for vitamin C). Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.21 for vitamin A to 0.57 for calcium. The degrees of agreement by different methods and days of dietary study are lower in our study compared to agreement by different methods and days of dietary study are lower in our study compared to those in previously published studies for Western populations, partly due to the differences of data analysis methods as well as of dietary patterns between those samples and ours.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.577-585
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate eating behavior, nutritional status and health conditions of college students attempting a weight control. The subjects are 88 students of the Daegu area. Their weight, height, triceps, and mid-arm circumference were measured and their dietary intake and eating behavior were obtained by using questionnaires. The 24-hour recall was obtained from the subjects. The results are summarized as follows: The average height, weight and BMI of the attempt and no-attempt male and female students were 171.2cm, 70.7kg and 24.1; 170.4cm, 79.9kg and 27.5; 159.3cm, 60.9kg and 24.0; 157.7cm 60.1kg and 24.2, respectively. Energy intake of the attempt and no-attempt male and female group was 63.9%, 61.8%, 76.2% and 83.9% of RDA respectively. Protein intake of each group was 97.5%, 83.9%, 60.1% and 67.3% of RDA respectively. The following items registered a negative correlation weight and carbohydrate, weight and Na intake, weight and vitamin C intake, PIBW and Na intake, TSF and fiber intake, TSF and Na intake, TSF and vitamin C intake, MAMC and Na intake, and MAMC and vitamin C intake. A relative magnitude of factors affecting weight control was analyzed by Stepwise multiple regression analysis. Overall results about relative influence of independent variables to the dependent variable(weight control) indicated that the BMI (p<0.01) was the most significantly correlated with weight control in all subjects. The results of this study suggest that the extensive nutrition education in the weight control program should be emphasized to prevent obesity early.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.344-351
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Adequate dietary fatty acid intake is important for toddlers between 12-24 months of age, as this is a period of dietary transition in conjunction with rapid growth and development; however, actual fatty acid intake during this period seldom has been explored. This study was conducted to assess the intake status of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids by toddlers during the 12-24-month period using 2010-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Twenty-four-hour dietary recall data of 12-24-month-old toddlers (n = 544) was used to estimate the intakes of ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3), linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6), and arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6), as well as the major dietary sources of each. The results were compared with the expected intake for exclusively breastfed infants in the first 6 months of life and available dietary recommendations. RESULTS: Mean daily intakes of ALA, EPA, DHA, LA, and AA were 529.9, 22.4, 37.0, 3907.6, and 20.0 mg/day, respectively. Dietary intakes of these fatty acids fell below the expected intake for 0-5-month-old exclusively breastfed infants. In particular, DHA and AA intakes were 4 to 5 times lower. The dietary assessment indicated that the mean intake of essential fatty acids ALA and LA was below the European and the FAO/WHO dietary recommendations, particularly for DHA, which was approximately 30% and 14-16% lower, respectively. The key sources of the essential fatty acids, DHA, and AA were soy (28.2%), fish (97.3%), and animals (53.7%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the prevailing view of DHA and AA requirements on early brain development, there remains considerable room for improvement in their intakes in the diets of Korean toddlers. Further studies are warranted to explore how increasing dietary intakes of DHA and AA could benefit brain development during infancy and early childhood.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.336-344
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• 2002

In this study, nutrient intake status and energy expenditure were examined to investigate the nutritional status of the elderly in a rural community. The results obtained by questionaries, the 24 hour recall method, and time-diary were as follows: The elderly men surveyed were 73.8 years old, on the average. The elderly women surveyed were 73.5 years old, on the average. The proportion of the elderly with diseases was 51.9%. Most of the subjects (86.1%) had a regular meal pattern of consuming three meals a day. The average daily energy intake of the rural elderly was much lower than the Korean RDA. The dietary assessment data showed that each energy intake of the males and the females was 79.5% and 84.3% of the RDA, respectively. The dietary intake of Ca, Fe, niacin, thiamin, and riboflavin was lower than the Korean RDA, and that of P and Vitamin C was adequate. The Fe intake was significantly different with respect to age and sex (p < 0.05). Although, in both elderly men and elderly women it decreased with age, the elderly men's intake was lower than the elderly women's. The heights of the elderly men and the elderly women was 159.7 cm and 147.5 cm, respectively, and the weights were 60.0 kg and 52.2 kg, respectively, and the BMI was in the moderate range. Heights significantly decreased with age (p < 0.05). According to daily living schedules, leisure time (11.0 hour) was the longest, physiological time (9.6 hours) was next, and work time (3.4 hours) was the shortest. Energy expenditure significantly decreased with age (p < 0.01). Energy intake also decreased with aging. Energy balance (energy expenditure/energy intake) was 93.4% in elderly men and 104.0% in elderly women. Especially, in elderly men in the 65 to 74 age range, the energy balance was the lowest, and the nutrient intake was also much lower than that of elderly women.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships among zinc status, diet quality, glycemic control and self-rated physical activity level of type 2 diabetic patients. Dietary intakes for two non-consecutive days were measured by 24-hour recall method for seventy-six diabetic patients. Fasting blood glucose and HbA1c were measured for the assessment of glycemic control. We evaluated the extent of dietary adequacy by the percentage of subjects with a dietary intake of a nutrient less than the estimated average requirement(EAR), the dietary diversity score(DDS) and the dietary variety score(DVS). Zinc status was assessed from serum levels and urinary excretion. Dietary inadequacy was serious for five nutrients: riboflavin, calcium, thiamin, zinc and vitamin C. Dietary intakes from the meat, fish, and egg food groups and the milk food group were below the recommended level. We found that subjects with high levels of physical activities had significantly higher DVS and serum zinc levels compared to others (p

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to compare nutrient intake and food consumption by food frequency according to the obesity index of women college student in Kunsan. The subjects were 251 women college students who were randomly selected from Kunsan national university. Subjects were assigned to one of the following group based on BMI : underweight, normal weight and overweight. Nutrient intake and food consumption by food frequency were evaluated based on questionnaires and 24 hour recall method. The results were as follows. %RDA of calcium, iron and zinc of obese group were more than the underweight group(p＜0.05). %Fat was significantly correlated with the daily intakes of protein and vitamin E(p＜0.05). %Fat was significantly correlated with %RDA of energy, protein, vitamin E, vitamin B$_{6}$. RBW was significantly correlated with %RDA of iron. BMI was significantly correlated with %RDA of energy, calcium, phosphorus. The foods frequently consumed among students were cooked rice and gimchi. The frequencies of fish and mushroom were correlated with food behavior scores(p＜0.01). The frequencies of carbonated beverage(p＜0.01), hamburger & piazza, deep fried foods(p＜0.01), soybean curd fried fish cake(p(0.05) were correlated with nutritional knowledge scores.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.197-210
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• 1997

Low energy intakes, poor nutritional quality, and low food diversity are among the factors affecting the nutritional status of elderly in Korea. Therefore, a nutrition counseling and education program was conducted to promote dietary change and to improve nutritional status of elderly. The 7 step program consisted of a individual nutrition counseling and weekly or biweekly group nutrition education programs. Pre- and post-test measurings of dietary behaviors, attitudes, nutrition knowledge, and 24-hour dietary recall data were collected. Positive changes in the attitude related to diet were noted, whereas nutritional knowledge scores were not improved. Significant increases were noted in the frequency of vegetable consumption in female and diversity of food consumption in male. The densities of vitamin C(male & female), $B_1$, $B_2$, and niacin, calculated using the INQ(Index of Nutritional Quality), were significantly improved by nutrition counseling and education programs. These results suggest the appropriateness of nutrition intervention programs for the improvement of elderly nutrition.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.182-196
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• 1997

Physiological changes that affect nutrient absorption and utilization occur in older adults, and the collection of nutritional information is an important part of examining the nutrition and health issue. A nutritional survey using the 24-hour recall method was performed to identify nutritional quality and leading patterns of food group intake for protein, vitamin C, P and Fe were over 1, whereas those for vitamin A, $B_1$, $B_2$, niacin and Ca were below 1. The MAR(Mean Adequacy Ratio) was relatively low(0.75). The percentage of energy from carbohydrate, protein, and fat was 65.1, 15.6, and 19.5, respectively, thus the quantities of energy source were ideal. The Older subjects revealed poorer nutrition quality than the younger subjects did. The food group intake pattern of the elderly was not diverse, only 9% of them consumed all food groups in a day. These results suggest that nutritional guidelines for older Koreans should focus on the maintenance of adequate energy intake. In addition, selection of foods with high protein and calcium, such as dairy food, should be emphasized, particularly in the older elderly. Nutrition programs should target individuals at risk of not receiving enough nutrients, like the oldest elderly, and persons with lower education.