• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_2
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• pp.1663-1676
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• 2022

Recently, a number of deep-learning based land cover segmentation studies have been introduced. Some studies denoted that the performance of land cover segmentation deteriorated due to insufficient training data. In this study, we verified the improvement of land cover segmentation performance through data augmentation. U-Net was implemented for the segmentation model. And 2020 satellite-derived landcover dataset was utilized for the study data. The pixel accuracies were 0.905 and 0.923 for U-Net trained by original and augmented data respectively. And the mean F1 scores of those models were 0.720 and 0.775 respectively, indicating the better performance of data augmentation. In addition, F1 scores for building, road, paddy field, upland field, forest, and unclassified area class were 0.770, 0.568, 0.433, 0.455, 0.964, and 0.830 for the U-Net trained by original data. It is verified that data augmentation is effective in that the F1 scores of every class were improved to 0.838, 0.660, 0.791, 0.530, 0.969, and 0.860 respectively. Although, we applied data augmentation without considering class balances, we find that data augmentation can mitigate biased segmentation performance caused by data imbalance problems from the comparisons between the performances of two models. It is expected that this study would help to prove the importance and effectiveness of data augmentation in various image processing fields.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.25-38
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• 2022

Urban problems are constantly occurring around the world due to rapid industrialization and population decline. In particular, as the number of vacant houses is gradually increasing as the population decreases, it is necessary to prepare countermeasures. A plan to utilize vacant houses has emerged to restore the natural environment of the urban ecosystem where forest destruction, damage to habitats of wild animals and plants, and disconnection have occurred due to large-scale development. Through connectivity analysis, it is possible to understand the overall ecosystem flow based on the movement of species and predict the effect when vacant houses are converted into green spaces. Therefore, this study analyzed the green area network to confirm the possibility of greening of vacant houses neglected in Jeonju based on circuit theory. Using Circuitscape and Least-cost path, we tried to identify the connectivity of green areas and propose an ecological axis based on the analysis. In order to apply the resistance values required for analysis based on previous studies, the 2020 subdivision land cover data were integrated into the major classification evaluation items. When the eight forests in the target site were analyzed as the standard, the overall connectivity and connectivity between forests in the area were high, so it is judged that the existing green areas can perform various functions, such as species movement and provision of habitats. Based on the results of the connectivity analysis, the importance of vacant houses was calculated and the top 20 vacant houses were identified, and it was confirmed that the higher the ranking, the more positive the degree of landscape connectivity was when converted to green areas. In addition, it was confirmed that the results of analyzing the least-cost path based on the resistance values such as connectivity analysis and the existing conceptual map showed some differences when comparing the ecological axes in the form. As a result of checking the vacant houses corresponding to the relevant axis based on the width standards of the main and sub-green areas, a total of 30 vacant houses were included in the 200m width and 6 vacant houses in the 80m width. It is judged that the conversion of vacant houses to green space can contribute to biodiversity conservation as well as connectivity between habitats of species as it is coupled with improved green space connectivity. In addition, it is expected to help solve the problem of vacant houses in the future by showing the possibility of using vacant houses.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.163-173
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• 2020

For the successful execution of an ODA project, it is necessary to know what areas are weak and necessary to the country of demand exactly. The health sector is also a top priority in most of developing countries. This study was carried out to introduce non-communicable disease (NCD) in Fiji for ODA projects planning. The major causes of death in Fiji in 2016 are diabetes, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, lower respiratory infect, asthma in ranking. The major causes of death in Korea in same year are cancer, ischemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, pneumonia, suicide, diabetes in the order of ranking. The chronic disease as non-communicable disease (NCD) has been increasing continuously due to changes in lifestyle and consumption patterns and population aging in prevalence rate. This global trend is also apparent in Fiji and Korea, reflected in increasing mortality and personal costs for the treatment and management of NCD. The need for a sustained comprehensive treatment tailored for individual patients has suggested from many studies and the development of a systematic program to manage NCD patients to provide such care have been recommended. The Fiji government developed Non-communicable Diseases Strategic Plan 2015-2019 and has tried to reduce the prevalence rate of non-communicable diseases by factors. The WHO global action plan guiding national-level NCD policies requires an NCD prevention and control model at the community level, presenting strategic goals and detailed options for the introduction and application of the approach to communities. It is necessary to develop an NCD prevention and control model, consisting of a strategy of community intervention, education for students and NCD patients, and the legal enactment of NCD that adequately meets the needs of community members.

• Korean small business review
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.117-137
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• 2020

We examine the current status of smart factory deployment and diffusion programs in Korea, and seek to promote manufacturing innovation from the perspective of SMEs. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows. First, without additional market creation and supply chain improvement, smart factories are unlikely to raise profitability leading to overinvestment. Second, new business models need to connect "manufacturing process efficiency" with "R&D" and "marketing" in value chain in smart factories. Third, when introducing smart factories, we need to focus on the areas where process-embedded technology is directly linked to corporate competitiveness. Based on the modularity-maturity matrix (Pisano and Shih, 2012) and the examples of U.S. Manufacturing Innovation Institute (MII), we establish the new smart factory deployment policy measures as follows. First, we shift our smart factory strategy from quantitative expansion to qualitative upgrading. Second, we promote by each sector the formation of industrial commons that help SMEs to jointly develop R&D, exchange standardized data and practices, and facilitate supplier-led procurement system. Third, to implement new technology and business models, we encourage partnerships, collaborations, and M&As between conventional SMEs and start-ups and business ventures. Fourth, the whole deployment process of smart factories is indexed in detail to identify the problems and provide appropriate solutions.

• Korean small business review
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.107-133
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• 2020

Many researchers conducted studies on the relationship between entrepreneur's characteristic, capability, strategy and performance of new venture. However, the development of scientific technique and the complexity of the business environment have stimulated entrepreneurial teams rather than individuals. Therefore, the necessity of theoretical and practical study on the effect of the characteristics of an entrepreneurial team on the new venture companies was suggested. Initial research on entrepreneurial team diversity has primarily addressed the impact of demographic diversity on performance. In order to verify the research model of this study, 287 delegates of new venture companies that participated in the projects at the 18 Centers for Creative Economy & Innovation in 17 regions of the country conducted validity and reliability test based on the questionnaire to which they answered. The result shows that only gender diversity among demographic diversity affected non-financial performance. Information diversity influenced career diversity on financial performance and diversity in education on non-financial performance. Also, the higher the previous sharing experience, the better the financial performance. Value diversity has negative effect on both financial and non-financial performance. Based on the results, theoretical and practical implications are derived. Also suggested are methodological limitations and future research directions.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.56
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• pp.5-38
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• 2020

This study begins with the question of how culture-based communities can form a community culture and become a community of sustainable development. Based on the concept of community, community development factors and stage of development, cultural activities, and policy implementation theory, policy execution analysis models suitable for culture-based community projects were derived. A qualitative case study method was adopted as a research method, and success stories of culture-based village communities were selected as the 'Gamgol Community' in Sadong, Ansan, 'Sangdong Community' in Daebu-dong, Ansan, and 'Grimae Village' in Sinse-dong, Andong. Through in-depth interviews, literature analysis, and direct observation, the research analysis used pattern matching, explanation, chronicle analysis, and case integration analysis methods presented by Yin (2009). As a result of the study, first, the characteristics of the policy implementation strategy were taking place in the process of step-by-step development. The main factors in the community development phase were the improvement of community consciousness through the emotional change of participants and the change of capacity within the community. Second, it was understood that cultural activities played a major role in strengthening community consciousness and community capacity, and could be understood as various creative activities. Based on the ecological approach study on culture-based community, this study derived the policy execution analysis model, analyzed the case of culture-based village community, presented the direction of development of community and presented practical implications.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.199-209
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• 2023

Background: Due to the interrupted blood supply in cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS), ischemic and hypoxia results in neuronal depolarization, insufficient NAD+, excessive levels of ROS, mitochondrial damages, and energy metabolism disorders, which triggers the ischemic cascades. Currently, improvement of mitochondrial functions and energy metabolism is as a vital therapeutic target and clinical strategy. Hence, it is greatly crucial to look for neuroprotective natural agents with mitochondria protection actions and explore the mediated targets for treating CIS. In the previous study, notoginseng leaf triterpenes (PNGL) from Panax notoginseng stems and leaves was demonstrated to have neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the potential mechanisms have been not completely elaborate. Methods: The model of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) was adopted to verify the neuroprotective effects and potential pharmacology mechanisms of PNGL in vivo. Antioxidant markers were evaluated by kit detection. Mitochondrial function was evaluated by ATP content measurement, ATPase, NAD and NADH kits. And the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and pathological staining (H&E and Nissl) were used to detect cerebral morphological changes and mitochondrial structural damages. Western blotting, ELISA and immunofluorescence assay were utilized to explore the mitochondrial protection effects and its related mechanisms in vivo. Results: In vivo, treatment with PNGL markedly reduced excessive oxidative stress, inhibited mitochondrial injury, alleviated energy metabolism dysfunction, decreased neuronal loss and apoptosis, and thus notedly raised neuronal survival under ischemia and hypoxia. Meanwhile, PNGL significantly increased the expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) in the ischemic regions, and regulated its related downstream SIRT1/2/3-MnSOD/PGC-1α pathways. Conclusion: The study finds that the mitochondrial protective effects of PNGL are associated with the NAMPT-SIRT1/2/3-MnSOD/PGC-1α signal pathways. PNGL, as a novel candidate drug, has great application prospects for preventing and treating ischemic stroke.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.481-496
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• 2022

In order to establish an effective pest control strategy, we investigated the occurrence of lepidopteran insects in the major trees growing in urban forests from 2019 to 2021. In total, we recorded 76 species of 14 families in Prunus spp., 40 species of eight families in Acer spp., 43 species of 10 families in Zelkova serrata, 28 species of seven families in Rhododendron spp., and 10 species of four families in Hibiscus syriacus. Among these, Hyphantria cunea and Lymantria dispar were recorded from all five tree taxa monitored. The most frequently occurring species in the different tree groups were as follows: H. cunea and Phalera flavescens in Prunus yedoensis, Epinotia ulmicola in Z. serrata, and Rehimena surusalis in H. syriacus. H. cunea also occurred in Rhododendron spp. and Acer spp., although the numbers were lower than those recorded in Prunus spp. and Z. serrata. Our results highlight the importance of focusing on the frequency of occurrence of lepidopteran insects in Prunus spp. and Z. serrata, whereas the presence of these insects in both Acer spp. and Rhododendron spp. Appears to be less problematic. From the perspective of reducing the risks to human health, our findings indicate that the application of pheromones for monitoring lepidopteran species and the use of mating disruptors would be desirable approaches that would contribute to minimizing the spraying of pesticides in urban forests.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.25-37
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• 2023

According to the 「Rural Spatial Reconstruction and Regeneration Support Act」, enacted on March 29, 2024, all local governments are required to establish a 'Rural Spatial Reconstruction and Regeneration Plan' (hereinafter referred to as the 'Rural Spatial Plan'). In order for the 'Rural Spatial Plan' to be appropriately established, this study analyzed the supply and demand of spatial data from the perspective of user stakeholders and derived implications for improving rural spatial planning data utilization. In conclusion, three key recommendations come from this result. Firstly, it is necessary to establish an integrated DB for rural spatial planning data. This can solve the problem of low awareness of scattered data-providing websites, reduce the processing time of non-GIS data, and reduce the time required to acquire data by securing the availability of data search and download. In particular, research should be conducted on the establishment of a spatial analysis simulation system to support stakeholders' decision-making, considering that many stakeholders have difficulty in spatial analysis because spatial analysis techniques were not actively used in rural projects before the implementation of the rural agreement system in 2020. Secondly, research on how to improve data acquisition should be conducted in each data sector. The data sector group with the lowest ease of receiving are 'Local Community Domain', 'Changes in Domestic and International Conditions', and 'Provision and Utilization of Daily Life Services'. Lastly, in-depth research is needed on how to raise each rural spatial planning data supply stakeholder to the position of player. Stakeholders of 'University Institutions' and 'Public Enterprises and Research Institutes' should give those who participate in the formulation of rural spatial plans access to the raw data collected for public work. Stakeholders of 'Private company' need to come up with realistic measures to build a data pool centered on consultative bodies between existing private companies and then prepare a step-by-step strategy to fully open it by participating various stakeholders. In order to induce 'Village Residents and Associations' stakeholders to play a leading role as owners and producers of data, personnel should be trained to collect and record data related to the village. In addition, support measures should be prepared to continue these activities.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2023

Objective : This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of transverse process (TP) hook system at the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) for preventing screw pullout in adult spinal deformity surgery using the pedicle Hounsfield unit (HU) stratification based on K-means clustering. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 74 patients who underwent deformity correction surgery between 2011 and 2020 and were followed up for >12 months. Pre- and post-operative data were used to determine the incidence of screw pullout, UIV TP hook implementation, vertebral body HU, pedicle HU, and patient outcomes. Data was then statistically analyzed for assessment of efficacy and risk prediction using stratified HU at UIV level alongside the effect of the TP hook system. Results : The screw pullout rate was 36.4% (27/74). Perioperative radiographic parameters were not significantly different between the pullout and non-pullout groups. The vertebral body HU and pedicle HU were significantly lower in the pullout group. K-means clustering stratified the vertebral body HU ≥205.3, <137.2, and pedicle HU ≥243.43, <156.03. The pullout rate significantly decreases in patients receiving the hook system when the pedicle HU was from ≥156.03 to < 243.43 (p<0.05), but the difference was not statistically significant in the vertebra HU stratified groups and when pedicle HU was ≥243.43 or <156.03. The postoperative clinical outcomes improved significantly with the implementation of the hook system. Conclusion : The UIV hook provides better clinical outcomes and can be considered a preventative strategy for screw-pullout in the certain pedicle HU range.