• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.247-251
• /
• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate tissue nutrient contents and salt accumulation in plastic house soils cultivating lily, rose and carnation. The soil tested had high total salts, available phosphate and exchangeable potassium. The soil cultivating rose had highest salt concentvation followed by chose of carnation and lily. Tissue nutrient contents of lily were higher than chose of carnation and rose. In comparison among cultivars, the nutrient contents were as follows; 'Snow Qeen'>'Le Reve'>'Casa Blanca' in lily; 'Marina'>'Super star'>'Mary Devor'>'Madelon' in carnation; and 'Cocktail'> 'Marina'>'Maderon' in rose. The range of the nutrient contents were: T-N: $1.66\;{\sim}2.35%$, K: $1.73{\sim}2.23%$, Zn: $2.13{\sim}6.43\;mg/kg$, Cu: $3.79{\sim}13.89\;mg/kg$ in carnation; T-N: $0.79{\sim}1.65%$, P: $0.18{\sim}0.44%$, Ca: $0.59{\sim}1.26%$, Mg: $0.21{\sim}0.46%$, Zn: $23.65{\sim}90.30\;mg/kg$, Cu: $0.99{\sim}4.62\;mg/kg$ in lily; and T-N: $0.75{\sim}1.62%$, P: $0.17{\sim}0.30%$, K: $1.60{\sim}2.91%$, Ca: $0.64{\sim}0.94%$, Zn: $24.57{\sim}48.31\;mg/kg$, Cu: $3.10{\sim}9.08\;mg/kg$ in rose. The amount of nutrients uptake per plant was high in order of: K > T-N > Ca > Mg in lily; and T-N > K > Ca > P > Mg in rose.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.15 no.1_2
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2000

Scavenging effects on paraquat induced toxicity were investigated by using methanol (MeOH) and ethylacetate (EtoAC) extracts of Lonicera japonica. The results are summerized as follows: 1. To Fe(III)-ADP-NADPH induced microsomal lipid peroixdation, MeOH and EtoAC extracts showed antioxidative activiies and inhibition ratio at 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ 44.4% and 73.8% respectively 2. To microsomal NADPH dependent cytochrome p -450 reductase in rat liver, MeOH and EtoAC extracts inhibited the enzyme activiies and inhibition ratio were 26.3% and 44.8% respectively. 3. Administration (30 mg/kg, iv) of paraquat to rats caused the marked elevation of GOT, GPT, LDH, ALP in the serum and lipid peroxides in the microsome as compared to the control group. Serum GTP, LDH, ALP and liver microsomal LPO were reduced significantaly by administration of MeOH extract. (1,000 mg/kg), EtoAC extract (40 mg/kg) and Silymarin (150 mg/kg) as compared to the paraquat group. From the results, MeOH and EtoAc exuacts. of Lonicera japonica showed the useful scavenger and reducer on the paraquat induced hepatotoxicty.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.134-142
• /
• 2010

Although BinSo-San(BSS), a mixed herbal formula consisted of 11 types of medicinal herbs and have been used as anti-inflammatory agent, In the present study, the acute toxicity (single oral dose toxicity) of lyophilized BSS aqueous extracts was monitored in male and female mice after oral administration according to Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) Guidelines (2005-60, 2005). In order to observe the 50% lethal dose ($LD_{50}$), approximate lethal dosage (ALD), maximum tolerance dosage (MTD) and target organs, test articles were once orally administered to female and male ICR mice at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 500, 250 and 0 (control) mg/kg (body wt.) according to the recommendation of KFDA Guidelines (2005-60, 2005). The mortality and changes on body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored during 14 days after dosing according to KFDA Guidelines (2005-60, 2005) with organ weight and histopathology of 12 types of principle organs. We could not find any mortality, clinical signs and changes in the body weights except for dose-independent increases of body weight and gains restricted in 1000 mg/kg of BSS extracts-dosing female group. Hypertrophic changes of lymphoid organs.thymus, spleen and popliteal lymph nodes were detectedat postmortem observation with BSS extracts dose-dependent increases of lymphoid organ weights, and hyperplasia of lymphoid cells in these all three lymphoid organs at histopathological observations. These changes are considered as results of pharmacological effects of BSS extracts or their components, immunomodulating effects, not toxicological signs. In addition, some sporadic accidental findings such as congestion spots, cyst formation in kidney, atrophy of thymus and spleen with depletion of lymphoid cells, and edematous changes of uterus with desquamation of uterus mucosa as estrus cycles were detected throughout the whole experimental groups including both male and female vehicle controls. The significant (p<0.01) increases of absolute weights of kidney and pancreas detected in BSS extracts 1000 mg/kg-treated female group are considered as secondary changes from increases of body weights. The results obtained in this study suggest that the BSS extract is non-toxic in mice and is therefore likely to be safe for clinical use. The LD50 and ALD of BSS aqueous extracts in both female and male mice were considered as over 2000 mg/kg because no mortalities were detected upto 2000 mg/kg that was the highest dose recommended by KFDA and OECD. In addition, the MTD of BSS extracts was also considered as over 2000 mg/kg because no BSS extracts-treatment related toxicological signs were detected at histopathological observation except for BSS or their component-related pharmacological effects, the immunomodulating effects detected in the present study.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
• /
• 2000.11a
• /
• pp.102-105
• /
• 2000

These studies were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplemental lincomycin at different food waste supplements on performance of broiler chicks. Diets were based corn, soybean meal and contained 3,100kcal/kg ME, 21% CP for the rest two weeks. Three levels of dietary lincomycin(LM; 0,2.2, 4.4mg/kg) and food waste(FW; 0, 7.5, 15%) were respectively inclusion in both experiments. In experiment 1, weight gain of birds fed 4.4mg/kg LM was significantly higher than no LM treatments(P<0.05). It tended to increase in 7.5% food waste treatment compared to that of control, but was not significantly different. FCR of chicks fed 2.2mg/kg LM supplement was significantly improved compared to that of other treatments Chicks fed food waste showed inferior FCR to control as dietary FW level increased(P<0.05). There was no significance in blood components among treatments. In experiment 2, weight gain of chicks fed 15% FW exhibited higher weight gain than that of other treatments. As FW supplement increased, the feed intake increased significantly(P<0.05) There was no significance in blood components except serum calcium. The results of these experiments indicated that hicks fed 4.4mg/kg LM supplements maximized growth rate of all treatments, and improved FCR in 2.2mg/kg LM.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.46-56
• /
• 1994

Daily oral administration to Sprague Dawly rats for 4 weeks of DWP-301, at doses of 0, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg presented following results; 1) No animals died and there were no significant differences in general signs, body weight, food consumption, urinalysis haematological, biochemical, gross pathological and histopathological examination between control and treated rats. 2) Water consumption, pH-, protein- urobilinogen-, ketone-values in urine were significantly increased in the treated male and female rats. It is supposed that these differences in animals are a consistent feature of repeated overdosage with test suspensions. The results indicate that the non toxic dose of test compounds in rats is over 2000 mg/kg in this test system.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.81-85
• /
• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study is to collect data for toxicity and safety of Mud chrysanthemum indicum. Methods : In this study, we investigated the acute toxicity for buthanol-extracted Mud schrysanthemum indicum, 25 male and 25 female mice were observed for 14days after one day oral administration of Mud chrysanthemum indicum at the respective doses of 0(control group), 1024, 1280, 1600 and 2000mg/kg. Results : We observed survival rates, general toxicity, change of body weight and autopsy. No abnormality was found for all cases. Conclusions : The data confirmed that Mud chrysanthemum indicum is free from, the toxicity and safety problems. Compared with the control group, we could not find any toxic alteration in all treated groups (1024, 1280, 1600 and 2000mg/kg), In conclusion, LD50 of Mud chrysanthemum indicum was over 2000 mg/kg and it is very safe to mice.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.217-224
• /
• 2011

The object of this study was to evaluate the single oral dose toxicity of platycodin D, a saponin from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum in male and female mice. Platycodin D was administered to female and male mice as an oral dose of 2000, 1000, 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg (body wt.). Animals were monitored for the mortality and changes in body weight, clinical signs and gross observation during 14 days after treatment, upon necropsy, organ weight and histopathology of 14 principle organs were examined. As the results, no platycodin D treatment related mortalities, clinical signs, changes on the body and organ weights, gross and histopathological observations against 14 principle organs were detected up to 2000 mg/kg in both female and male mice. Therefore, $LD_{50}$ (50% lethal dose) and approximate LD of playtcodin D after single oral treatment in female and male mice were considered over 2000 mg/kg - the limited dosages recommended by KFDA Guidelines [2009-116, 2009], respectively.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.84-92
• /
• 2000

This Study was conducted to assess the single dose toxicity of DA-125, a new anthracycline anti-cancer agent, in rats and mice. The Drug was administered once intravenously to both sexes of rats and mice. Then followed a 14-day period of observation. The $LD_{50}$ Values (95% confidence limit) were estimated to be 60.9 mg/kg (57.5~64.3 mg/kg) for male rats and 60.2 mg/kg (56.2~64.5 mg/kg) for female rats, and 85.8 mg/kg (81.0~90.9 mg/kg) for male mice and 84.5 mg/kg (78.2~91.9 mg/kg) for female mice. Both sexes of rats and mice given the drug revealed the clinical sign of decreased locomotor activity, emaciation, hair loss, red-dish brown urine, salivation, and watery diarrhea. In addition, body weight from the next day to the 7th day tended to be decreased slightly in rats and mice treated with DA-125. Death occurred from the next day after administration to the 12th day. Macroscopically, congestion of gastrointestinal organ, lung, and adrenal glands were found in both sexes on the dead rats and mice. Histopathological examination of dead rats manifested atrophy of spleen, hypoplasia of bone marrow, hypcplasia and necrosis of lymphocyte in thymus, atrophy of villi in small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), hyperplasia of granular epithelium in small intestine, degeneration of germinal epithelium in testis, defer oration of tubular epithelium in kidney, and vacuolation and myolysis of myocardium in heart. Histopathological examination of dead mice revealed hypoplasia of spleen and mesenteric lymph node, local necrosis of liver, atrophy of villi in small intestine, hyperplasia of glandular epithelium in small and large intestine, degeneration of tubular in kidney, degeneration of germinal cells in testis, and slight vacuolar degeneration of myocardium in heart.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.193-204
• /
• 2000

In order to get some basic data on environmental friendly function by Korean organic farming, the chemical characteristics of soil were determined on 100 farm cultivating site in Paldang watershed area of Great Seoul. The EC and content of $NO_3-N$ and Av. $P_2O_5$ in topsoil(0~30cm) showed $2.30dS\;m^{-1}$, $82mg\;kg^{-1}$, $918mg\;kg^{-1}$ in the soil cultivated chinese cabbage. $2.29dS\;m^{-1}$, $86mg\;kg^{-1}$, $954mg\;kg^{-1}$ in the soil of lettuce, $1.83dS\;m^{-1}$, $66mg\;kg^{-1}$, $1114mg\;kg^{-1}$ in the soil of crown daisy. These salt accumulation(EC) and the high concentration of mineral content in topsoil such as nitrate and phosphate showed the soils of organic farming were contaminated by practice of organic farming for the maintenance strategy of soil fertility. The $NO_3-N$ and Av. $P_2O_5$ in the subsoil(30~60cm) showed $75mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $641mg\;kg^{-1}$, $72mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $466mg\;kg^{-1}$, $42mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $873mg\;kg^{-1}$ in soil cultivated chinese cabbage, lettuce and crown daisy respectively. It indicates eventually the high concentration of nitrate and phosphate in topsoil caused penetration to subsoil, and the high concentration of mineral contents in subsoil indicate the potential risk of leaching of ground water by Korean organic farming. The positive correlation at 1% between EC and $NO_3-N$, $K_2O$, T-C, $P_2O_5$ and T-N show the salt accumulation in the both soil depth of Korean organic farming were caused by minerals such as $NO_3-N$, $K_2O$, T-C, $P_2O_5$ and T-N by overuse of organic fertilizer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1996.04a
• /
• pp.248-248
• /
• 1996

경구투여급성독성시험 : 암수동물의 모든 투여군에서 시험물질투여에 의한 일반증상, 체중변화 및 육안적 부검소견은 관찰되지 않았으며. 따라서 반수치사량(LD$_{50}$)은 암수동물의 경우 5000mg/kg이상이었다. 경구투여아급성독성시험 : SD랫트의 암수 동물에 있어서 Captopril(SR Tablet 25mg)의 2000mg/kg 용량은 확실중독량에 해당되며, 무영향량(NOEL)은 220mg/kg용량이라고 사료되었다.