• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2000

In order to assay the efficacy of newly synthesized antiviral compounds, pyrimidine analogs, pharmacokinetics of those were established as compared with already marketed zidovudine. Zidovudine (15, 20, 25 and 35 mg/kg), LJ142 (18.52 mg/kg) and LJ143 (15, 18.52 and 30 mg/kg) were administered orally and intravenously in rats, blood samples were collected post-injection(i.e., for 360 min) at appropriate time intervals. Those were analyzed by HPLC with UV detection at 265 nm. Pharmacokinetic parameters $(C_{max},\;T_{1/2},\;MRT,\;AUC,\;AUMC,\;Vd_{SS},\;Cl_t)$ were calculated. AUCs of zidovudine and LJ143 following I.V. dosing of $15{\sim}25\;mg/kg\;and\;15{\sim}18.18\;mg/kg$ were dose-independent. However, AUCs of zidovudine and LJ43 following I.V. dosing of $25{\sim}35\;mg/kg\;and\;18.18{\sim}30\;mg/kg$ were dose-dependent. The relative bioavailability of zidovudine, LJ142 and LJ143 following oral administration were 61.94, 46.44 and 78.24%, respectively.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was performed to observe the toxicological changes caused by a single exposure to benzo[a]pyrene. Methods: Based on the results of a preliminary study, 300 mg/kg was set as the middle dose. A highest dose of 2,000 mg/kg and a lowest dose of 50 mg/kg were selected based on GHS guidelines. Benzo[a]pyrene was orally administered once to female and male SD rats at dose levels of 50, 300, and 2,000 mg/kg(body weight). All animals were monitored daily for clinical signs and mortality over 14 days. Hematological and biochemical values were examined as well. Results: There were neither dead animals nor significant changes in body weights during the experimental period. In addition, no differences were found between the control and treated groups in clinical sign, hematology, serum biochemical, and histopathological analysis. Conclusion: Compared with the control group, we could not detect any toxic alteration in all treated groups. These studies indicate that the acute toxicity of benzo[a]pyrene is relatively low.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.28-32
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• 2004

양송이의 관행적 재배방법인 볏짚배지를 방울솜으로 대체하여 고품질 다수확을 하는 몇가지 배지 배합비율에 관한 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 하절기에 방울솜을 4,000, 4,500kg, 동절기에는 5,000, 5,500kg을 주재료로 처리하고 첨가재료는 주재료에 대한 비율로 왕겨 4.5%, 계분 50%, 석회 1.5%, 요소 2%, 담배가루 2.5%, 깻묵 5%, 석고 5%를 혼합한 결과, 하절기에는 64.33kg, 동절기에는 65.21kg으로 대조구에 비해 57.2%가 증수되었다. 2. 면실피 1.25%, 왕겨 4.5%, 계분 50%, 석회 1.5%, 요소 2%, 담배가루 2.5%, 깻묵 5%, 석고 5%를 혼합한 결과, 하절기에는 61.0kg, 동절기에는 62.3kg으로 대조구에 비해 49.6%가 증수되었다. 3. 면실피를 1.25% 혼합한 시험구와 왕겨 대신 볏짚(세단) 2.5%와 면실피 1.25% 혼합여 처리한 결과, 하절기에는 59.0kg, 동절기에는 61.3kg으로 대조구에 비해 49.6%가 증수되었다. 4. 하절기에 방울솜과 면실피를 각각 2000kg, 동절기에 방울솜과 면실피를 각각 2500kg으로 처리하고 첨가재료는 주재료에 대한 비율로 왕겨 2.5%, 계분 37.5%, 석회 1.5%, 요소 2%, 담배가루 1.25%, 깻묵 2.5%, 석고 3%를 혼합한 결과, 하절기에는 57.33kg, 동절기에는 58.34kg으로 대조구에 비해 40.4%가 증수되었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.147-157
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• 2009

This study was conducted to obtain acute information of the oral dose toxicity of lyophilized water extract of Pinelliae Rhizoma, a dried tuber of Pinellia ternata (PR) in male and female mice. In order to calculated 50% lethal dose (LD$_{50}$) and approximate lethal dose (ALD), test material was once orally administered to male and female ICR mice at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 500, 250, 125 and 0 (vehicle control) ml/kg (body weight). The mortality and changes in body weight, clinical signs, gross observation, organ weight and histopathology of principle organs were monitored 14 days after treatment with PR extract. We could not find any mortalities, clinical signs, changes in the body and organ weights, gross and histopathological findings except for dose-dependent increases in the hepatic fatty change frequencies detected in PR extract 2000 and 1000mg/kg treated in both male and female mice. The results obtained in this study suggest that LD$_{50}$ and approximate LD in mice after single oral dose of PR extracts were considered over 2000 mg/kg in both and female male mice, but more than 1000mg/kg of PR extracts treatment could induce slight hepatotoxicity the fatty changes in mice.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.84-93
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• 2000

To provide the basic information for the water improvement and control of water resource in Boryung fresh water reservoir watershed, the characteristics of stream sediments and water quality of the watershed were investigated through 16 times totally, form November in 1998 to March in 2000. The COD values of stream water quality of the Boryung fresh-water reservoir watershed ranged from 0.75 to 6.38. Total -N concentration affected by the livestock wastes and agricultural activity ranged from 0.45 to 21.80mg/L and which was almost over the quality standard of agricultural water(1.0mg/L). Total-P concentration ranged from 0~0.176 mg/L and average value 0.031 mg/L . The contents of heavy metals from 138.4 to 3,457.3mg/kg and total-P were from 210.0 to 468.3 mg/kg. These were very high according to the influence by the livestock waste and sewage water partly.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.109-120
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• 2000

To evaluate anesthetic effecto of propofol infusion after premedication with xylazine, 20 days were randomly assigned 4 groups. Propofol was infused (group 1: 0.2 mg/kg/min, group 2 : 0.4 mg/kg/min, group 3 : 0.6 mg/kg/min, group 4 : 0.8 mg/kg/min) for a period of 90 minute immediately after premedication with xylazine(1 mg/kg) and atropine(0.05mg/kg) under oxygen supplementation. Induction of anesthesia was rapid and smooth providing satisfactory conditions for intubation in all the dogs. No vomiting and cyanosis were observed after induction and during propofol infustion. There was pain reflex in group 1 but not in group 3 and 4. Mean arousal times (mins) were $6.18{\pm}3.65(group 1), 13.07{\pm}5.05(group 2), 22.06{\pm}6.48(group 3) and 23.33{\pm}9.28 (group 4) and Mean walking times were 16.20{\pm}6.15(group 1), 15.80{\pm}4.73(group 2), 28.27{\pm}7.55 (group 3), 39.10{\pm}13.75$ (group 4) respectively. In group 4, body temperature during total infusion period in group 3, 4. Hematologic values (WBC, RBC, PCV) and serum chemistry values(ALT, AST, BUN, creatinite) were monitored before anesthesia, 1 hour and 1 day after termination of infusion postanestesia. No significant changes were monitored in all experimental group. Although propofol infusions of 0.2 mg/kg/min and 0.4mg/kg/min were considered too low to maintain a suitable depth of anesthesia, but that of 0.6mg/kg/min were considered too low to maintain a suitable depth of anesthesia, but that of 0.6mg/kg/min proper to provide a light planes for minor surgical procedure during 90 minutes with xylazine premedication.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.143-153
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the heavy metal contents and distribution in soil, sediment, and rice from the downstream area of ManKyeong and DongJin River. Of the sites on Mankyeong river area, site M-1(Mokchon bridge) showed the highest average contents of Cd, Cr and Pb in paddy soil. In DongJin river area, site D-3(Munpo) and D-4(Gerjeonri) showed relatively high level of average contents of Cr, Pb and Zn in paddy soil. The average contents of heavy metals in brown rice from ManKyeong river area were 0.10mg/kg for Cd, 0.99mg/kg for Cr, 2.07mg/kg for Pb, 4.44mg/kg for Cu and 32.03mg/kg for Zn while those in brown rice from DongJin river area were 0.14mg/kg for Cd, 0.74mg/kg for Cr, 1.78mg/kg for Pb, 4.57mg/kg for Cu and 33.60mg/kg for Zn. Zn showed the highest transportation-rate from paddy soil to brown rice while Pb showed the lowest. From the results of heavy metal analysis in sediments, the average contents of Cd, Cr, Pb and Cu were generally high in site M-5(Euonri) and D-4(Gerjeonri), the most downstream sites in Mankyeong river and DongJin river, respectively.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.233.2-233.2
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• 2003

This experiment study was carried out to prove the efficacy of Cheongpajeon(CPJ) extract in ovariectomized rats. 40 rats were divided into 4 groups, administrated saline after sham operation group(sham-op), administered saline after ovariectomy group(control), administered CPJ 1g/kg after ovariectomy group and administered Livial 0.042mg/kg after ovariectomy group(positive control). We examined the water extract of CPJ that is capable of affecting osteoblast proliferation using MG-63 and HOS-TE85. (omitted)

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.185-190
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• 2000

돈분뇨에 함유된 질소.인의 부하저감과 액비살포면적 감소에 대하여 급속액상부숙기술 반응기(TAO system)과 28mesh, 200mesh의 막을 가진 고액분리기를 적용하여 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 농가에서 발생하는 분뇨 $4.6m^3/day$에 함유된 질소와 인의 양은 22.5kg.N/day($4,893mg/{\ell}$), 7.32kg.P/day($1,592mg/{\ell}$)이었따. 2. 감량화 단계에서는 질소와 인이 각각 12.6kg.N/day($4,862mg/{\ell}$), 3.85kg.P/day$(1,397mg/{\ell}$)로 46.0%, 34.0% 감소하였다. 3. 고액분리단계에서는 질소와 인이 각각 12.0kg. N/day($5,000mg/{\ell}$), 2.2kg.P/day($929mg/{\ell}$)로 일일 발생량이 46.6%, 69.8% 감소하였다. 4. 질소시비량을 기준으로 처리 전.후의 액비 살포면적은 논의 경우, 74.7ha/y에서 39.0ha/y, 밭의 경우, 63.2ha/y에서 33.0ha/y로 감소하였다.

• 환경생물
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2007

2000년 3월부터 2000년 11월까지 공주시 근교의 리기다소나무림에서 계절별 버섯의 출현종과 종별 개체수, 생산량 및 영양염류 함량을 조사하였다. 조사기간 중 영구방형구 내에 출현한 종은 총 32종류이었다. 버섯은 6월부터 출현하기 시작하여 9월에 종다양성과 생산량이 가장 높았다. 월별 우점종은 6월과 7월에는 밀버섯, 8월과 9월은 갈색털꾀꼬리버섯 이었으며, 10월에 젖버섯아재비버섯을 끝으로 더 이상 출현하지 않았다. 연중 가장 많은 개체수를 보인 버섯은 갈색털꾀꼬리버섯이었다. 버섯의 연간 생산량은 12.13kg $Dwha^{-1}yr^{-1}$으로 조사되었으며, 8월과 9월에 각각 3.95, 6.92kg $Dwha^{-1}$로 전체 생산량의 95%이상을 차지하였다. 월별 생산량이 많은 종은 7월에는 밀버섯, 8월과 9월에는 갈색털꾀꼬리버섯이었으며, 최대 생산량을 보인 버섯은 갈색털꾀꼬리버섯으로 전체 생산량의 27.1%를 차지하였다. 버섯의 평균 영양염류 함량은 때, N, P, K, Ca 그리고 Mg가 각각$38.81{\pm}4.82,\;0.90{\pm}0.44,\;28.41{\pm}7.81,\;0.24{\pm}0.16,\;0.76{\pm}0.26mg\;g^{-1}$으로 Ca과 Mg을 제외하고는 주변의 낙엽이나 토양보다 훨씬 높은 값이었다. 버섯을 통해 연간 임상에 축적되는 영양염류의 양은 N, P, K, Ca그리고 Mg가 각각 463.41, 10.26, 345.21, 3.14, $8.99g\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$이었다.