• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.259-268
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• 2022

본 연구는 장기간 중금속 오염에 노출된 폐 석탄매립지에 생육하고 있는 참김의털 (Festuca ovina var. coreana) 종자를 채집하고 발아한 유식물을 가지고 온실 재배 실험을 통해 생육특성과 중금속축적능을 평가하고 식물정화법 (phytoremediation) 적용 가능성을 위해 수행하였다. 참김의털을 온실에서 인공적으로 오염된 토양에서 12 주 동안 재배하였다. 비소처리 인공토양의 농도구배는 각각 25, 62.5, 125, 250 mg/kg, 납 농도는 200, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg 및 카드뮴의 농도는 각각 15, 30, 60, 100 mg/kg로 처리하여 실험하였다. 비소, 납 및 카드뮴 처리구에서 참김의털의 엽수는 납 처리구 (200, 500, 1000 mg/kg)를 제외하고 대조구보다 모두 감소하였고, 지상부의 길이 성장은 비소 처리구 모두에서 대조구보다 증가하였으나 지하부는 모두 감소하였고, 1000 및 2000 mg/kg 납 처리구에서는 대조구보다 증가하였으나 나머지 처리구에서는 대조구보다 모두 감소하였고, 카드뮴 처리구의 경우, 지상부는 대조구보다 모두 증가하였고, 지하부는 모두 감소하였다. 비소 처리구의 경우, 생체량은 모든 부위와 모든 농도에서 대조구보다 감소하였고, 200, 500, 1000 mg/kg 납 처리구는 지상부와 지하부 모두에서 대조구보다 생체량이 증가하였고, 카드뮴 처리구에서는 지상부와 지하부의 생체량이 대조군보다 모두 감소하였다. 중금속의 처리구 농도가 높아질수록 엽수와 식물부위별 생체량은 모두 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 중금속의 처리구 농도가 높아질수록 지상부의 길이 성장은 소폭 증가하는 경향이 있으나 지하부는 다소 감소하는 경향이 있었다. 62.5 mg/kg 비소 처리구의 지상부, 지하부의 비소축적농도는 9.4 mg/kg와 253.3 mg/kg로 지하부가 26.9배로 축적율이 높았으며 250 mg/kg 비소 처리구의 지상부는 고사한 반면 지하부의 비소축적농도는 859.1 mg/kg로 분석되었고, 2,000 mg/kg 납 처리구에서 지상부와 지하부는 10,308.1 및 11,012.0 mg/kg로 지상부가 지하부의 1.1배 높게 축적되었고, 100 mg/kg 카드뮴 처리구에서 지상부와 지하부는 176.0 및 287.2 mg/kg로 지하부가 지상부의 1.6배 높게 축적되었다. 참김의털의 내성평가 결과, 비소, 납, 카드뮴의 모든 처리구에서 고사하지 않고 생장을 유지하여 3종의 중금속에 다재내성이 확인되었다. 참김의털의 납 오염토양에 대한 식물추출 (phytoextraction)은 납 오염농도 2,000 mg/kg까지 적용할 수 있는 식물종으로 검증되었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2011

Objective: Leejung-tang (Rechu-to in Japanese) is a traditional Korean herbal formula used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders such as vomiting, stomach pain, chronic gastritis and gastrointestinal ulceration. The present study was carried out to investigate the potential acute toxicity of Leejung-tang water extract (LJT) by a single oral dose in Crl:CD (SD) rats in compliance with current guidelines. Methods: In the preliminary study, there were no adverse effects such as death, clinical signs, and body weight changes at dose levels of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day body weight. Based on the results, a dose of 2000 mg/kg was selected as the toxicological limited dose. LJT was administered once by gavage to male and female rats at dose levels of 0 and 2000 mg/kg bodyweight. During the study period, mortalities, clinical findings, and body weight changes were observed for 14 days following the administration. On day 14 after the treatment, the animals were sacrificed by carbon dioxide overdose and complete gross postmortem examinations were performed. Results: In present study, no treatment-related deaths were observed. There were no adverse effects on clinical signs and body weight changes. In addition, there were no observed gross findings in all groups except for a kidney cyst in the 2000 mg/kg/day female group. Conclusion: The results indicated that LJT did not induce toxic effects at a dose level up to 2000 mg/kg in rats and its median lethal dose ($LD_{50}$) was considered to be over 2000 mg/kg/day body weight for both genders.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.300-307
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• 2001

2000년 9월에서 2001년 2월말가지 서울시내 대형 유통 매장에서 판매 중인 식물성 환제 총 11종 51건을 채취하여 철(Fe), 칼슘(Ca), 아연(Zn), 나트륨(Na), 마그네슘(Mg), 칼륨(K) 등의 무기금속류의 함량을 측정한 결과, 전반적으로 매우 다양한 무기 금속류를 다량 함유하고 있었으며 그 함량은 칼륨(7933.32 mg/kg)>나트륨(5848.58 mg/kg)>칼슘(2441.60 mg/kg)>마그네슘(1595.34 mg/kg)>철(353.14 mg/kg)>아연(22.49 mg/kg) 순으로 나타났는데 이것은 일반적인 가공식품류의 경우 칼륨이 가공 과정 중 다량 소실되어 나트륨의 함량이 상대적으로 높은데 반하여 환제의 경우 비교적 단순가공 과정만을 거쳐 다량의 칼륨이 함유되어 있는 칼륨의 좋은 급원임을 보여 주는 결과라 할 수 있었으며, 철등은 식물성 원재에 함유되어 수산(oxalic acid)의 영향으로 그 흡수율이 동물성에 비해 낮기는 하나 역시 풍부한 급원임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 총 무기금속 함량을 식품별로 나타내면 뽕잎환(Morus)과 다시마환(Laminaria)은 다량의 칼륨과 나트륨을 함유하는 것으로 나타났고, 오가피환(Acanthopanacis cortex), 두충환(Eucommia ulmoides), 솔잎환 (Pinus densiflora), 구기자환(Lycii fructus), 마늘환(Allium sativum for. pekinense), 도라지환(Eucommia radix) 등은 칼륨의 함량이 나트륨 함량에 비해 월등히 높게 나타났으며, 인진쑥환(Artemisia capillaris)과 홍화씨환(Carthamus tinctorius seed), 복분자환(Rubi fructus) 등은 다양한 무기 금속류가 골고루 함유되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 조사 대상 식물성 환제를 이용된 부위에 따라 껍질(cortex), 잎(leaves), 씨(seed), 열매(fructus), 뿌리(radix)별로 비교한 결과, 납의 경우 뿌리(0.54 mg/kg)>껍질(0.36 mg/kg)>잎(0.20 mg/kg)>열매(0.20 mg/kg)>씨(0.07 mg/kg)의 순이었으며, 카드뮴 함량은 뿌리(0.16 mg/kg)>잎(0.09 mg/kg)>열매(0.07 mg/kg)>씨(0.06 mg/kg)>껍질(0.03 mg/kg), 크롬 함량은 뿌리(6.34 mg/kg)>껍질(4.25 mg/kg)>열매(4.20 mg/kg)>잎(2.14 mg/kg)>씨(1.67 mg/kg)의 순으로 나타났다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.1145-1153
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• 2009

The object of this study was to obtain acute information single oral dose toxicity of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts, with mouse bone marrow cell micronucleus test for detecting possible genotoxicity. In order to observe the 50% lethal dose, approximate lethal dosage, maximum tolerance dosage and target organs, test articles were once orally administered to ICR mice at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 50 mg/kg according to the recommendation of KFDA Guidelines. The mortality and changes on body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored during 14 days after dosing according to KFDA Guidelines with organ weights of 12 types of principle organs. In addition, after twice oral treatment of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts 2000, 1000 and 500 mg/kg, we checked the changes on the number of MNPCE. We could not find any mortality, clinical signs, changes in the body weight and gross findings upto 2000 mg/kg treated group. The limited dosages in rodents except for increases of lymphoid organ weights and hypertrophy encounted as results from pharmacological effects of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts, immune modulator effects with some sporadic accidental findings not toxicological signs. No evidence of increases of MNPCE numbers were also detected in all three different dosages of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts treated mice. The results obtained in this study suggest that the LD50 and ALD of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts in mice were considered as over 2000 mg/kg because no mortalities were detected upto 2000 mg/kg that was the highest dose recommended by KFDA and OECD. And the results of mouse bone marrow micronucleus test of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts is negative results.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.124-133
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• 2010

The object of this study was to obtain acute information single oral dose toxicity of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts, with mouse bone marrow cell micronucleus test for detecting possible genotoxicity. In order to observe the 50% lethal dose, approximate lethal dosage, maximum tolerance dosage and target organs, test articles were once orally administered to ICR mice at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 50 mg/kg according to the recommendation of KFDA Guidelines. The mortality and changes on body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored during 14 days after dosing according to KFDA Guidelines with organ weights of 12 types of principle organs. In addition, after twice oral treatment of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts 2000, 1000 and 500 mg/kg, we checked the changes on the number of MNPCE. We could not find any mortality, clinical signs, changes in the body weight and gross findings upto 2000 mg/kg treated group. The limited dosages in rodents except for increases of lymphoid organ weights and hypertrophy encounted as results from pharmacological effects of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts, immune modulator effects with some sporadic accidental findings not toxicological signs. No evidence of increases of MNPCE numbers were also detected in all three different dosages of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts treated mice. The results obtained in this study suggest that the LD50 and ALD of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts in mice were considered as over 2000 mg/kg because no mortalities were detected upto 2000 mg/kg that was the highest dose recommended by KFDA and OECD. And the results of mouse bone marrow micronucleus test of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts is negative results.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.426-429
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the acute toxicity and safety of Pyungwi-san (Pingwei-san) in Sprague-Dawley rat though the current regulatory guideline. The preliminary study showed that the single oral administration of Pyungwi-san (Pingwei-san) did not induce any toxic effect at a dose level of 2000 mg/kg. Based on the results, 2000 mg/kg was selected as the limited dose. In this study, 10 rats of each sex were randomly assigned to two groups of 5 rats each and were administrated singly by gavage at dose levels of 0 and 2000 mg/kg. After single administration, Mortalities, clinical signs, body weight changes, gross findings were observed for the 15-day period. Throughout the study period, no treatment-related deaths were observed. There were no adverse effects on clinical signs, body weight, and gross findings at all treatment groups. These results showed that the single oral adminstration of Pyungwi-san (Pingwei-san) did not cause any toxic effect at the dose levels of 2000 mg/kg in rats. In conclusion, the $LD_{50}$ of Pyungwi-san (Pingwei-san) was considered to be over 2000 mg/kg body for both sexes.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the acute toxicity and safety of Bangpungtongsung-san (Fangfengtongsheng-san) in Sprague-Dawley rat though the current regulatory guideline. Methods : The preliminary study showed that the single oral administration of Bangpungtongsung-san (Fangfengtongsheng-san) did not induce any toxic effect at a dose level of 2000 mg/kg. Based on the results, 2000 mg/kg was selected as the limited dose. In this study, 10 rats of each sex were randomly assigned to two groups of 5 rats each and were administrated singly by gavage at dose levels of 0 and 2000 mg/kg. Mortalities, clinical signs, and body weight changes were monitored for the 15-day period following administration. At the end of observation period, all animals were sacrificed and complete gross postmortem examinations were performed. Results : Throughout the study period, no treatment-related deaths were observed. There were no adverse effects on clinical signs, body weight, and gross findings at all treatment groups. Conclusions : These results showed that the single oral adminstration of Bangpungtongsung-san (Fangfengtongsheng-san) did not cause any toxic effect at the dose levels of 2000 mg/kg in rats. In conclusion, the $LD_{50}$ of Bangpungtongsung-san (Fangfengtongsheng-san) was considered to be over 2000 mg/kg body for both sexes.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.12-22
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• 1997

Intravenous and oral acute toxicity tests in ICR mice and SD rats and percutaneous acute toxicity tests in SD rats and NZW rabbits were conducted to evaluate the toxicity of DA-5018 and DA-5018 cream, respectively Clinical signs observed in mice and rats after the administration of DA-5018 were similar regardless of administration route. The observed clinical signs were jumping, wild running, lacrimation, ataxia, reddening of extremities and ears, ventral or lateral recumbency, respiratory distress, cyanosis, convulsion and death. Pulmonary enlargement and hemorrhage were observed in the animals died immediately after the dosing of DA-5018. At terminal necropsy, pulmonary enlargement and hemorrhage, corneal opacity and focal scabbing and depilation around nose were seen. LD$_{50}$ Values of DA-5018 are 11.5 mg/kg (mice, male), 12.6 mg/kg (mice, female), 88.3 mg/kg (rat, male) and 73.2 mg/kg (rat, female) in oral toxicity tests and 11.0 mg/kg (mice, male), 18.7 mg/kg (mice, female), 0.12 mg/kg (rat, male) and 0.32 mg/kg (rat, female) in i.v. toxicity tests. In the percutaneous acute toxicity tests of DA-5018 cream, no deaths occured in all the tested groups during 14-day observation period. There were also no abnormalities in the general conditions, body weight changes and on necropsy findings in all groups. LD$_{50}$ values of 0.1 ~0.9% DA-5018 creams in male and female rats and rabbits are >2000 mg/kg./kg.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.51-69
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• 2000

This dissertation was to research how some metal level within SipJeonDaeBo - Decoction, one of oriental prescriptions, influence Sprague-Dawley animals. 1. Under the experiment with drinking waters there was no metal ${\sim}0.65\;mg/L$ detected. A metal with feed found 0.001-376.983mg/kg. 2. In the mice's kidney, brain, bones used experiment, As searched 0.474 mg/kg, 0.486 mg/kg, 0.314 mg/kg 0.834 mg/kg respectively ; Cd 0.060 mg/kg, 0.045 mg/kg, 0.030 mg/kg, 0.353 mg/kg, ; Co 0.105 mg/kg, 0.063 mg/kg, 0.030 mg/kg, 0.399 mg/kg, ; Cr 0.292 mg/kg, 0.304 mg/kg, 0.234 mg/kg, 0.962 mg/kg, ; Cu 4.201 mg/kg, 3.759 mg/kg, 1.923 mg/kg, 0.484 mg/kg, ; Fe 57.535 mg/kg, 150.571 mg/kg, 17.178 mg/kg, 281.506 mg/kg, ; no Hg, Mn 0.612 mg/kg, 2.968 mg/kg, 0.528 mg/kg, 4.205 mg/kg, ; Ni 0.094 mg/kg, 0.072 mg/kg, 0.078 mg/kg, 27.714 mg/kg, ; Pb 0.269 mg/kg, 0.293 mg/kg, 0.283 mg/kg, 43.142 mg/kg ; Zn 4.149 mg/kg, 21.861 mg/kg, 8.088 mg/kg, 226.283 mg/kg respectively. 3. In level of hazardous metal within idney control group searched 0.194 {\pm}\; 0.052 mg/kg, experimental I g개up $0.189{\pm}0.036\;mg/kg$, experimental I group $0.264 {\pm}{\pm}\;0.179\;mg/kg$. In level of non hazardous metal control group searched $15.917{\pm}5.575\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $17.064{\pm}2.246\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $16.892{\pm}3.586\;mg/kg$. Besides in total level of metal control g.cup detected $6.484{\pm}2.258\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $6.940{\pm}0.914\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $6.915{\pm} 1.508\;mg/kg$ There all was no statistical significance. 4. In level of hazardous metal within the liver control group searched $0.187{\pm}0.048\;mg/kg$, experiment I g개up $0.168[\pm}0.079\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $0.277{\pm}0.159\;mg/kg$. In level of non hazardous heavy metal control group detected $44.925{\pm}18.468\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $39.917{\pm}12.772\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $49.525{\pm}33.484\;mg/kg$. Besides in total concentration control group searched $18.082{\pm}7.395\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $16.068{\pm}5.128\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $19.977{\pm}13.443\;mg/kg$. There was no statistical significance but hazardous metal gets more level in the experilnent group than in the control group. 5. In level of hazardous metal within brain control group searched $0.145{\pm}0.056\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $$0.167{\pm}0.030\;mg/kg, erperiment II group $0.172{\pm}0.123\;mg/kg$. In level of non hazardous heavy metal control group detected $6.488{\pm}0.965\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $7.290{\pm}0.588\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $7.010{\pm}1.627\;mg/kg$. Besides in total concentration control group searched $2.683{\pm}7.395\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $3.017{\pm}0.238\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $2.908 {\pm} 0.711\;mg/kg$. Therefore there was no statistical significance. 6. In level of hazardous metal within bone control group searched $8.172{\pm}5.195 \;mg/kg$, experiment I group $9.128{\pm}4.143\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $9.401{\pm}6.924\;mg/kg$. There is statistical significance(p<0.05). In level of non hazardous metal control group detected $94.065{\pm}36.035\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $147.563 {\pm}79.939\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $142.730{\pm}77.374\;mg/kg$. Besides in total level control group searched $48.530{\pm}16.523\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $64.502{\pm}31.078\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $62.733 {\pm}34.641\;mg/kg$. Therefore there was no statistical significance. 7 In the correlative research as to how each metal influences to ingestion Cd and Co searched 0.954 and Pb and Ni -0.0884 from kidney. Co and Cd was 0.995 and Zn and As -0.190 from liver. Co and Cd were 0.995 and Zn and Cu -0.393 from brain. Co and Cd were 0.998 and Zn and Mn -0.206 from bones

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2000

자궁내 반응에 대한 용량 의존적인 효과를 검색하기 위해 에스트로겐 agonist 및 antagonist를 사용하여 미성숙 랫드에서 uterotrophic assay를 실시하였다. 김(2000) 등은 이미 난소절제랫드를 이용한 3-day uterotrophic assay에서 에스트로겐성 물질에 대한 검색 시험을 실시한 바 있다. 양성대조물질인 17-ethinyl estradiol (EE)을 미성숙랫드에 매일 3일간 피하 투여하였으며, EE의 에스트로겐 활성을 차단하기 위한 항에스트로겐성 물질인 ZM189.154은 EE와 병행 투여하였다. 본 시험 결과 EE 1.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg 이상 투여군에서는 자공 비대와 fluid 저류등이 대조군에 비해 육안적으로 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 자궁무게(wet 및 blotted)는 용량 의존적으로 증가하였으며, 특히, EE 1.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg 이상에서는 유의성있는 증가를 나타내었다. 또한 질무게 증가도 자궁무게 증가와 일치 하였다. EE 0.3$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg을 투여한 후 ZM189, 154 0.1 mg/kg 및 1.0 mg/kg 투여와 비교할 때 EE에 의해 유도된 에스트로겐 활성이 용량 의존적으로 감소되었으나 유의성 있는 결과는 ZM189, 154 1.0 mg/kg군에서만 나타났다. 본 연구결과 EE는 uterotrophic assay에서 자궁 무게 (wet와 blotted)를 용량 의존적으로 증가시켰으며, ZM189, 154 1.0mg/kg은 EE의 에스트로겐 활성을 유의하게 감소시켰다. 따라서 미성숙 랫드를 이용한 3-day uterotrophic assay는 내분비계 장애물질 검색 시험법으로 우수하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.