• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.756-765
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• 1997

연구배경 : 종양세포 성장의 역동학적 성상은, 종양의 분열능을 직접적으로 반영하므로 종양의 예후 예견에 임상적 의의가 있다. PCNA는 DNA 합성에 관여하는 36KD의 핵단백질로서, 종양 조직에서 면역조직화학적 방법으로, 그 발현 정도를 계측하여 종양세포 증식정도의 반영으로서 이용하고 있다. 이에 저자들은 폐암의 조직에서 면역조직화화적 방법으로 PCNA의 세포의 분열능을 반영하는 다른 분자생물학적 인자 즉 S-주기비율과의 관계를 확인하고, PCNA의 발현정도에 따른 폐암환자들의 생존률을 검색하였다. 방 법 : 대상군은 원발성 비소세포 폐암으로 확진 받고, 외과적 절제술 후 파라핀에 보관된 57례의 폐암 조직을 사용하여 면역조직화학 염색법으로 PCNA의 암세포형, TNM 병기, 세포 분화도, S-주기 비율과 생존률과의 관계를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 본 병원에서 외과적 절제술을 시행한 57례중 남녀비는 43 : 14였고, 평균연령은 60세였다. PCNA의 발현 정도는 25%를 기준으로 하여 +, ++, +++, ++++로 구분하였다. PCNA의 발현은 편평상피암에서 선암보다 강하게 발현되었으며, TNM 병기에 따른 PCNA 발현의 차이는 없었다. 세포의 분화도에 따라서 미분화일수록 PCNA의 발현 정도는 높았으나, 유의한 차이는 없었다. S-주기 비율은 -17.9%, +18.3(${\pm}9.7$)%, ++18.6(${\pm}11.1$)%, +++19.6(${\pm}9.0$)%, ++++24.7(${\pm}8.2$)% 였으나 서로간의 유의성있는 차이는 없었다. PCNA의 발현 정도에 따른 2년 생존률과 중간 생존기간은 -50% 13.0개월, +75% 41.3개월, ++73% 33.6개월, +++67% 29.0개월, ++++25% 9개월로서 서로간에 유의한 차이를 보여주고 있다(P<0.05, Kaplan-Meier법, generalized Wilcox). 결 론 : 비소세포 폐암에서 PCNA의 발현정도는 편평상피암에서 선암보다 높았고, TNM 병기와 세포분화도에 따른 차이는 없었다. PCNA 발현정도에 따라 S-주기 비율은 증가한 듯하나 유의성은 없었다. PCNA 발현이 높을수록 2년 생존률과 중간 생존기간은 유의하게 불량하였다. 즉 결과적으로 PCNA 염색법은 비소세포폐암의 예후인자로서의 이용이 가능하리라 생각된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1429-1436
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• 2000

Objectives : This study was performed in cultured rat hippocampal neurons to investigate the acute electrophysiological features of ionotropic glutamate receptors which act as a major excitatory neurotransmitter in mammalian brain. Method : Glutamate receptor agonists were applied into the bath solution embedding in whole-cell patch-clamp recording of single hippocampal neuron. Results : In voltage-clamped at -60mV and the presence of 1mmol $Mg^{2+}$, extracellulary applied NMDA did not induce any inward current. Both the elimination of $Mg^{2+}$ and addition of glycine in bath, however, elicited a NMDAinduced inward current. $Mg^{2+}$ block current was increased gradually in more negative potentials from -30mV, showing a negative slope in I-V plot with $Mg^{2+}$. Glutamate-induced current represented an outward rectification. A non-NMDA receptor component occupied about 40% of glutamate-induced current in the voltage range of -80mV to +60mV. Conclusion : Present study suggests that glutamate activates acutely the non-NMDA receptors which induces an inward current in the level of resting membrane potential. This makes the membrane potential increase and can activate the NMDA receptors that permit calcium influx against $Mg^{2+}$ block. At the depolarized state of neuron, there may be recovery mechanisms of membrane potential to repolarize irrespective of voltage-dependent potassium channels in the hippocampal neurons.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.339-351
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• 1999

Excess secretion of goblet cell stimulated by inhalation anesthetics have side effects during operation or postoperative care. Mucosubstances, which are almost secreted by goblet cells in the epithelium of the respiratory tract, are secreted by a direct irritation of inhalation anesthetics. This study was carried out to compare the differences of mucus secretion on lower respiratory tract stimulated by ethyl ether, halothane and isoflurane. Total of 24 rabbits were used as experimental animals. The trachea and the 1st bronchi were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. After embedding in paraffin, the specimens were sectioned to a thickness of 6 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, and PAS-H, Alcian blue pH 2.5 and Alcian blue pH 1.0 stains were performed for the observation of the composition and the quantity of the mucus. The results were as follows; Ethyl ether and isoflurane irritated the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. Ethyl ether irritated more than isoflurane. Halothane irritated the mucous membrane, but its effect was minimal and had little influences during operation. In the specimens stained with PAS-H, Alcian blue pH 2.5 and Alcian blue pH 1.0, the mucosubstance lining the cilia and in the goblet cells of the trachea and 1st bronchi were the strongly PAS-H reactive mucosubstances, moderately Alcian blue pH 2.5 and Alcian blue pH 1.0. The PAS-H reactive mucosubstance were polysaccharides, neutral mucopolysaccharides, mucoproteins, glycoproteins and glycolipids. Trachea was easily affected than bronchi by inhalation anesthetics. Consequently, it is suggested that because halothane does not irritates respiratory mucosal secretion, its application may be efficient to the depressed respiratory system.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.341-354
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• 1998

GMI (Fibrel${(R)}$) is one of the dermal filling substances which have been successfully used for the treatment of depressed cutaneous scar and wrinkles. It's major components are; Gelatin powder, which provides a framework for the clot to form and remains stable under the scar, and ${\varepsilon}$-aminocaproic acid, which inhibits the production of fibrinolysin, and Plasma, which provides the necessary ingredients for collagen synthesis. GMI has advantages of low immunogenicity and increased longevity. It has been known to induce fibroblast activity and promote new collagen synthesis. We used 34 Sprague-Dawley rats which were bred under the same condition and duration. 18 of experimental animals were undergone cardiac puncture, and their blood were collected, centrifugated, and stored in freezer. Out of 16 animals, control group were injected with 2ml plasma into the subcutaneous tissue of Lt. scapular, while experimental group were implanted of 2 ml GMI into the Rt. same area. Experimental animals were sacrificed at the 3rd day, 5th day, 1st week and 2nd week respectively after implantation of GMI. To observe the histopathologic change of GMI and surrounding tissue reaction of GMI, we had examined with H&E staining, immunohistochemical staining with vimentin, ${\alpha}$-SMA, S-100 under LM and SEM. The obtained results were as follows ; 1. In LM study, the inflammatory cell infiltrations and granulation tissue formation were observed, and muscle tissues were well attached with adipose tissues in the control group. In the experimental group, inflammatory cell infiltrations had been observed by the 2nd week and irregular adipiose tissues and well differentiated mesenchymal tissues were examined. 2. In immunohistochemical study, the experimental group of ${\alpha}$-SMA study, there were a prominent positive response on endothelial development of granulation tissues and mesenchymal tissues compare with the control group. In vimentin study, positive response on mescenchymal fibroblast continued to 2nd week, but negative in the control group. In S-100 study, both groups were positively responded on irregular adipose tissues. 3. In SEM study, collagen fibers were embedded by the plasma by the 5th day in the control group, and in the 3rd day experiment GMI were resorved but communited with collagen fiber till the 1st week. Collagen fibers were infilt-rated into GMI at the 2nd week and the infilltrated GMI were conglomerated with the mature adipose cells and the collagen fibers. From the above results, GMI implantation in the subcutaneous tissue of Sprague-Dawley rat, the mild infiltration of inflammatory cells were showed till 2nd week and the granulation tissues were observed. GMI were nearly resorbed till 2nd week, but well attached with adipose tissue and collagen fibers. The endothelium and fibroblasts were actively proliferated. Adipose tissues and mesenchymal tissue cells were observed. As already expressed, GMI showed resorptive change in course of time without any early immune reaction, and seemed to induce fibroblast activity and promote new collagen synthesis.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2016

이 연구는 능성어 (Epinephelus septemfasciatus)의 소화관 발달과정을 형태학적과 조직학적인 방법으로 부화 후부터 60일 동안 관찰하였다. 먹이 급이는 부화 후 2일부터 20일 동안 Rotifer (Brachionus rotundiformis)와 클로렐라 (Chlorella ellipsoidea)를 급이 하였고, 20일부터 Rotifer와 brine shrimp (Artemia salina)를 급이 하였으며, 23일부터 Rotifer와 Artemia, 배합사료를 급이 하였다. 자치어 10마리를 임의로 선택하여 10% 중성포르말린에 고정한 후 형태학적 관찰과 파라핀포매법에 의한 조직학적인 관찰을 하였다. 능성어의 RLG는 평균 0.87으로 육식성어류의 특성을 보여주었다. 부화 직후의 자어는 입과 항문은 열려있지 않았고, 소화관은 난황을 따라 일직선상으로 관찰되었다. 부화 후 5일째 후기 자어는 입과 항문이 열리면서 첫 섭식 활동이 관찰되었고, 부화 후 8일째 변태가 시작되었다. 부화 후 11일째 후기 자어 식도는 네 개의 층이 구분 되었으며, 식도와 중장, 직장에서는 배상세포가 관찰되었다. 부화 후 19일째 후기 자어는 공식이 시작되었으며, 그로인해 개체의 성장차이가 관찰되었다. 위는 내부가 팽창되면서 분문위, 위체부 및 유문위의 구분이 가능해졌고, 유문수가 분화되었으며, 장 전체에서는 배상세포를 관찰할 수 있었다. 부화 후 28일째 위내부에 위선이 분화되었다. 부화 후 38일째 후기 자어는 위에서 위액이 분비되는 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 유문수에 점막주름이 확인되었다. 부화 후 38일째에서 치어기로 이행하는 시기 동안 위 내강은 넓어지고, 위선의 숫자와 장내점액세포, 점막주름은 지속적으로 증가하거나 길어졌으나 조직화학적인 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구는 형태학적 및 조직학적 방법을 이용하여 능성어의 소화관 분화 및 발달에 관한 정보를 얻고자 하였으며, 초기 종묘생산과정에서 적절한 먹이투여시기를 확립함으로써 성장 및 생존율 향상에 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.102-118
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• 1988

This study was carried out to examine in vitro first whether the storage proteins, which the fat bodies of last larvae from Hyphantria cunea secrete into haemolymph, can be uptaked by the fat body cells of prepupa and then how the uptaked storage proteins can be accumulated in the fat body cells, if uptaken. The fat bodies which had been isolated from last instar larvae were cultured in 1 ml of Grace's insect medium containing $50{\mu}l$ of $^{3}H$-leucine (5.0 mCi/mol, Dupont) at $28{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ for 6 hrs. After the homogenates of the cultured fat bodies were centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 10 minutes, the proteins included in the supernatant were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses (non-SDS, 6%). The next treatment of the electrophoresed gel was followed by rinsing. A storage protein band of several bands in the rinsed gel was sliced off. With elution of sliced storage protein bands in Tris-glycine buffer, the purification of radioactive storage proteins from fat bodies was finished. After the purified radioactive storage proteins were added in Grace's insect midis containing fat bodies of the prepupae, they were cultured for the randomly following minutes given as 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20 and 30 and for the randomly following hours given as 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The double fixations of the cultured fat bodies in aldehyde and $OsO_4$, were followed by preparation of ultrathin sections from Epon-Araldite blocks through dehydration and embedding. The electron microscope autoradiographic treatment of all prepared sections were performed by the dipping method (Kim et al., 1987). The finally prepared specimens were examined with electron microscope. The fat body cells of the prepupa could be found to uptake the storage preteins of the last instar larvae, which were included in the culture medium, mostly by formation of coated vesicles. The in vitro uptake of the storage proteins actively occurred by 30 minutes after the addition of purified storage proteins in the culture medium. After culture for 7 minutes with the storage proteins, the uptaked radioactive storage proteins labelled a number of lysosomal granules. After culture for 20 minutes with the storage proteins, the radioactive storage proteins were finally incorporated and accumulated in lipid droplets and protein granules. The frequency in the fat body cell of radiolabelled lipid droplets occurs approximately 60%, while the frequency, in which the radiolabelled protein granules occurs in a fat body cell, is approximately 40%.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.845-856
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• 2014

This study focused on the production and usability evaluation of smart outdoor jackets that are designed to provide convenience to middle-aged people by embedding devices for lighting and location tracing. The results were as follows. 1. Jacket power supplier was a assembled system composed of battery, charger, controller and switch. A solar cell was attached on the upper arm, and a wire type EL on the center line of a raglan sleeve along with a GPS on the left sleeve with a transparent vinyl pocket. The total weight of the jacket embedded with devices was 385-520g. 2. Operation of function, activity, acceptability, safety, convenience for device use, appearance, practical maintenance were selected based on an analysis of evaluation criteria of previous smart wear research. Criteria were narrowed to three major categories of satisfaction, appearance and maintenance. 3. Use satisfaction criterion consisted of wearable device functionality and physical, psychological use convenience. The evaluation indicated actual functionality. EL functions were especially effective and necessary. Convenience of use showed that a smart jacket was thought to be safe and the size was moderate regardless of age and gender. Outer appearance was satisfactory and respondents praised the color. The practical maintenance evaluation indicated that there was no challenge in doing the laundry since the solar battery and GPS were detachable. The practical use of smart outdoor jackets confirmed by fabric that was washable and dried quickly.

• Composites Research
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 분자동역학 전산모사와 이중 입자 모델을 이용하여 질화붕소 나노튜브-폴리메틸메타크릴레이트 나노복합재의 기계적 물성과 계면특성을 규명하였다. 단일 벽 나노튜브가 고분자 기지에 함침된 가로등방성 나노복합재 단위 셀 구조를 모델링한 후, 각 방향으로의 일축인장 및 전단 전산모사를 통해 나노복합재의 강성행렬을 예측하였다. 또한 강성행렬의 방향 평균을 취해 나노튜브가 기지 내에 랜덤 분포하는 경우의 등방성 탄성계수를 도출하였다. 분자동역학 해석 결과를 계면의 완전 결합을 가정한 이중 입자 모델 예측해와 비교한 결과, 질화붕소 나노튜브와 고분자 기지간의 계면이 불완전한 것으로 확인되었다. 나노튜브 주위에 형성되는 흡착계면의 물성을 예측하기 위해 2단계 영역 분할 기법을 도입하였고 계면의 불완전 결합을 선형 스프링으로 묘사하였다. 그 결과 다양한 스프링 컴플라이언스 값에 따른 흡착계면의 물성을 역 해석을 통해 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2015

Objectives : The root ofCyanchum wifordii(CW) had been used as herbal medicine, 'Baeksuo', in Korea. However, the root ofCynanchum auriculatum(CA) had also been mis-used as 'Baeksuo' in herbal markets, due to its morphological similarity with CW. This study aimed to compare discriminative features and establish the identification-keys between two herbal medicines using microscopic methods.Methods : Microscopic preparations including fixation, rapid dehydration, paraffin infiltration, paraffin embedding, sectioning, mounting, and staining, were performed and the microscopic features between CW and CA samples were compared.Results : The starch grain of parenchymal cells, the amounts of calcium oxalate crystals, cell sizes, and the shape of phloem were not different between CW and CA samples. However, the clusters of stone cells which were conglomerated at outer cortex were apparently observed in CA sample (4~8 layers of stone cells), but not in CW sample (2~4 layers of stone cells, or not). Xylem of CW consisted of several vessels and fiber bundles which were formed as linear shapes and discontinuous radial lines, while that of CA, in which radial lines was not observed, were shaped as a wedge and scattered near cambium with comparatively few fiber bundles enclosed vessels. Especially, in the xylem of CA, fiber bundles located towards cambium were relatively more developed than those located outward cambium.Conclusions : The identification-keys established in this study would be helpful to discriminate microscopic features between CW and CA.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.269-277
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• 2017

Recently, there has been significant interest in structural health monitoring for civil engineering applications. In this research, a specially designed tendon, proposed by embedding FBG sensors into the center king cable of a 7-wire strand tendon, was applied for long-term health monitoring of tensile forces on a ground anchor. To make temperature independent sensors, the effective temperature compensation of FBG sensors must be considered. The temperature sensitivity coefficient ${\beta}^{\prime}$ of the FBG sensors embedded tendon was successfully determined to be $2.0{\times}10^{-5}^{\circ}C^{-1}$ through calibrated tests in both a model rock body and a laboratory heat chamber. Furthermore, the obtained result for ${\beta}^{\prime}$ was formally verified through the ground temperature measurement test, expectedly. As a result, the ground temperature measured by a thermometer showed good agreement compared to that measured by the proposed FBG sensor, which was calibrated considering to the temperature sensitivity coefficient ${\beta}^{\prime}$. Finally, four prototype ground anchors including two tension ground anchors and two compression ground anchors made by replacing a tendon with the proposed smart tendon were installed into an actual slope at the Yeosu site. Tensile forces, after temperature compensation was taken into account using the verified temperature sensitivity coefficient ${\beta}^{\prime}$ and ground temperature obtained from the Korean Meteorological Administration (KMA) have been monitored for over one year, and the results were very consistent to those measured from the load cell, interestingly.