• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.76-91
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• 2005

Stroke patients often develop post stroke sequelae when they survive. Post stroke fatigue and emotional disturbances including depression are common along with motor dysfunction. However, medical personnel have paid relatively little attention to emotional changes and the presence of fatigue following strokes. Post-stroke fatigue was common, occurring in 57% of the patients in our series. The post-stroke fatigue appears to be related to the pre-stroke fatigue, physical disability and post stroke depression (PSD) although the relation to the lesion location remains elusive. The prevalence of post-stroke emotional disturbance has been reported to range from 12% to 64%. The wide variation in the frequency of post stroke depression may be related to methodological heterogeneity in items such as the criteria for depression, the timing of assessment, and the study population. Emotional incontinence, which is characterized by inappropriate or excessive laughing or crying is also common. The incidence of and factor related to this post-stroke emotional incontinence (PSEI) also remains unclear. We reported that out-patients with single, unilateral stroke, 18% had PSD and 34% had PSEI. Although both PSD and PSEI were related to motor dysfunction and location (anterior vs. posterior cortex) of the lesion, the latter was a stronger determinant for PSD. PSEI was more closely associated with subcortical strokes than was PSD. Another manifestation of post stroke patients is the occurrence of post stroke anger proneness (PSAP). They may become easily irritated, impulsive, less generous, and prone to be angry or aggressive at others. We also have reported the PSAP which seems to be closely associated with the presence of PSEI. The lesion distribution appears to be also similar. Both PSEI and PSAP respond well to serotonin reuptake inhibitors suggesting that these symptomsmay be possibly related to the alteration of serotonin after brain injury. Likewise, PSAP also produces a great deal of frustration and embarrassment among patients and caregivers. In summary, emotional disturbances such as depression, emotional incontinence, anger-proneness and fatigue are fairly common but under-recognized sequelae of stroke. These emotional disturbances decrease the quality of life of the patients and caregivers, and may adversely affect the overall prognosis. Therefore, these problems must be appropriately recognized and alleviated. Finding strategies to relieve the symptoms is imperative by understanding the causative factors in individual patient.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.302-312
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the following: knowledge of stroke, fear of recurrence and health behaviors among patients with ischemic stroke. Further, factors influencing health behavior will be described. Methods: Data were collected from 180 patients with ischemic stroke at a general hospital. The study instruments included items about general and health related characteristics, a Stroke Knowledge Scale, a Stroke Fear of Recurrence Scale, and a Health Behavior Scale. Hierarchical regression method was conducted to examine predictors of health behavior. Results: The mean age of the participants was $63.62{\pm}11.10years$, and 57.8% of the sample was men. The mean score for stroke knowledge (possible range=0~17) was $14.99{\pm}1.76$, the mean score for fear of recurrence (possible range=0~32) was $23.16{\pm}3.75$, and the mean score for health behavior (possible range=20~80) was $54.69{\pm}6.46$. Stroke knowledge and fear of recurrence were associated with health behavior in patients with ischemic stroke (F=9.98, p<.001, Adjusted $R^2=.43$). Conclusion: The results demonstrated that stroke knowledge and fear of recurrence impacts the health behavior among patients with ischemic stroke. Thus, nursing interventions which focused on fear of recurrence as well as enhancing stroke knowledge could help health behavior in patients with ischemic stroke.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.54-58
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was aimed to investigated the relationship between warning signs and stroke subtype in acute stroke patients. Methods : From Oct. in 2005 to Oct. in 2006, 409 acute stroke patients were included. Patients were hospitalized within 14 days after the onset of stroke in DongGuk University International Hospital, Kyungwon University In-cheon Oriental Medical Hospital, Department Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases(Stroke center) Kyung Hee University Oriental hospital. We investigated general characteristics, stroke subtype, and warning signs(facial spasm, neck stiffness). Results : Hemorrhagic stroke had more facial spasm than ischemic stroke. (odds ratio 3.60) Small vessel occlusion had more neck stiffness than others. (odds ratio 2.03) Conclusion : To acquire more concrete conclusions on warning signs, we need further and large scale of prospective researches.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.2060-2064
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• 2020

Background: Recently, the kinesiology taping (KT) method was reported to be effective in improving walking ability in foot drop patients after stroke, but the clinical basis is still unclear. Objectives: The KT method was compared with ankle-foot orthotics (AFO) to investigate gait ability in foot drop patients after stroke. Design: Crossover study design. Methods: In this study, 11 stroke patients with foot drop participated. Walking ability of all subjects for both conditions (KT and AFO) was measured using the GAITRite system. The order of application of the two conditions was determined randomly by drawing lots. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare walking ability between the two conditions. The level of statistical significance was set at P<.05. Results: There were no significant differences between the KT and AFO methods in terms of velocity, cadence, step length, and stride length (P>.05, all). Conclusion: This study recommends KT as an alternative to the AFO, since KT provides evidence of preventing of foot drops and improving gait ability in stroke patient.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.31-38
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• 2019

Purpose : This study aimed to investigate the correlation between social participation and interpersonal relationships after stroke. Methods : Scores for the Korean version of the Reintegration to Normal Living Index (K-RNLI) and the Relationship Change Scale (RCS) were determined using a face-to-face test for 98 patients who had a stroke between September 3, 2018, and January 10, 2019. SPSS 22.0 was used for the analysis, and the correlation coefficient between social participation and interpersonal relationships was determined. Results : According to the patients' general characteristics, social participation was related to sex, type of lesion, and affected side, and interpersonal relationships showed a significant difference with respect to the affected side (p<.05). The analysis of social participation and interpersonal relationships of the subjects revealed a high correlation with total score (r=.364; p<.01), and all the items showed correlations except sensitivity (p<.05). Conclusion : Social participation and interpersonal relationships are important factors for reintegrating stroke patients into the community. The results of this study suggest a clinical basis for rehabilitation interventions in stroke patients.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.195-201
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• 2004

Background and Purpose : Hypertension is one of the modifiable risk factors for stroke. Lowering blood pressure is a primary or secondary preventative measure for stroke. This study aims to assess the efficacy of Chunghyul-dan(Qingxue-dan) in stage 1 hypertensive patients who have suffered a stroke by 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring(24ABPM). Subjects& Methods : We enrolled 40 hospitalized stroke patients with stage 1 hypertension and divided them into 2 groups by stratified randomization; group A took 1200mg of Chunghyul-dan(Qingxue-dan) at 8:00 a.m. for two weeks without changing herbal medicine, and group B was the control group. 28 patients were included in the final analysis(15 in group A. 13 in group B). Blood pressure is monitored from 8:00 am to 7:30 am every 30 minutes for 24 hours. Blood pressure was monitored two times at baseline and again two weeks later. We used 3 parameters for evaluating the efficacy of Chunghyul-dan(Qingxue-dan); The first parameter is change from baseline to two weeks later in blood pressure and pulse rate. The second parameter is the trough/peak ratio(TPR) and smoothness index(SI). The third parameter is antihypertensive rate by antihypertensive efficacy guideline. Results : There is no significant difference in the baseline assessment hetween the two groups. Systolic blood pressure $(141.37{\pm}8.96\;mmHg\;vs\;132.28{\pm}9.46\;mmHg)$ decreased after two weeks of 1200mg(P=0.03) intake of Chunghyul-dan(Qingxue-dan). Systolic TPR and SI was 0.87 and 1.04 in group A. Antihypertensive rate was higher in group A. Conclusion: These results suggest that 1200mg doses of Clunghyul-dan(Qingxue-dan) is an effective antihypertensive agent on stage 1 hypertension patients who have suffered a stroke.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.783-787
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• 2011

This study was attempted to identify factors related to the health habit practice in stroke patients of some area. Data was surveyed using interview and questionnaires by 142 stroke patients who visited a general hospital which was located in Seoul from May 3 to June 3, 2010. The results were as follows ; First, there was significantly negative correlation between health information and unpredictability(r=-0.264, p<0.01), and positive correlation between uncertainty and stress(r=0.582, p<0.01). Secondly, as a result of multiple regression analysis,, health habit practice of stroke patients was significantly influenced by age($R^2$=0.62, p=0.000), unpredictability($R^2$=0.096, p=0.006), health information($R^2$=0.055, p=0.005), sex($R^2$=0.068, p=0.003), the usage of stroke therapy($R^2$=0.041, p=0.017). In conclusion, strategies for enhancing health information and reducing uncertainty are needed to promote health habit practice in patients with stroke.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.719-731
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• 2009

Objectives : Stroke is the most common disabling neurological disease of adult life. The treatment and rehabilitation of stroke patients is an important and challenging area in the field of medicine. In Korea, a lot of stroke patients are treated using oriental medicine and there have been reports on their functional recovery. The aim of this study was to prove the therapeutic effect of oriental medicine on ischemic stroke. We also tried to identify characteristics of patients whose functional recovery was prominent and studied whether or not the use of fluids, anticoagulants, antiplatelets and neuroprotective agents increased the functional recovery of patients. Methods : We studied 794 patients within 2 weeks after first attack of ischemic stroke who were admitted to Kyung-Hee Oriental Medical Center from 1999 to 2000. Their maximum admission period was 60 days. Results : Motor power grade, NIHSS and MBI scores of patients improved during hospitalization significantly. Factors affecting functional recovery were admission period, motor power grade, NIHSS and MBI at admission. Age, waist-hip ratio and HDL cholesterol also affected functional recovery of patients. Whether or not fluids, anticoagulants, antiplatelets and neuroprotective agents were administered had nothing to do with functional recovery. Conclusion : Oriental medicine is effective for treatment and rehabilitation of ischemic stroke patients. When we manage stroke, we have to consider some important factors.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 2011

Objective : The aim of this study was to examine Differences of overall characteristics depending on Symptom Severity in Acute Stroke Patient Method : We studied hospitalized patients within 10days after their ictus who were admitted at Kyunghee University Oriental Medical Center from May 2011 to October 2011. We compared the general characteristics of acute stroke patient according to Scandinavian Stroke Scale score Result : The patient who had mild severity show significant difference for FBS, PP2, Homocysteine, Exercise, Tongue color, Mouth dryness, Chest discomfort, Constipation, Stool hardness. Conclusion : The above result contribute to predict severity of stroke symtoms according to risk factor and general condition of patients. Also, After occurrence of stroke, We will can block worsening of symptoms progression. Further studies will be needed to observation of follow up studies about progression of stroke among acute stroke patients with a serious disability.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.466-476
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this secondary analysis study was to examine the incidence of abuse and the contributing factors for that abuse among the Korean elderly with stroke. Methods: Data were derived from the 2008 Korean National Survey on Older Adults. The participants were 934 community-dwelling elderly with stroke. Data were analyzed using the Rao-Scott $x^2$-test, simple logistic regression and multiple logistic regression with the PASW 18.0 complex samples analysis module. Results: The prevalence of elder abuse was 13.5%. Emotional abuse (10.0%) was the most frequently reported abuse, followed by financial neglect (3.8%), caring neglect (3.3%), financial abuse (2.1%), and physical abuse (1.9%). 44.6% of the perpetrators of emotional abuse were coresidential family members. Participants without spouses (odds ratio=2.05, 95% CI=1.14~3.68), those without diabetes (odds ratio=2.24, 95% CI=1.15~4.39), and depressed participants (odds ratio=2.72, 95% CI=1.34~5.52) were more likely to be abused. Conclusion: Emotional abuse was the most frequently reported type of abuse while physical abuse was least frequent among the elderly with stroke. Nurses caring for the elderly with stroke should be aware of the types of abuse and risk factors such as lack of spouse and incidents of depression.