• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.310-316
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• 2019

Distribution of Salmonella enterica serovars and their associated virulence determinants is wide-spread among food animals, which are continuously implicated in periodic salmonellosis outbreaks globally. The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the diversity of five Salmonella serovar virulence genes (invA, pefA, cdtB, spvC and iroN) isolated from food animals and humans. Using standard microbiological techniques, Salmonella spp. were isolated from the feces of humans and three major food animals. Virulence determinants of the isolates were assayed using PCR. Clonal relatedness of the dominant serovar was determined via pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using the restriction enzyme, Xbal. Seventy one Salmonella spp. were isolated and serotyped into 44 serovars. Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS; 68) accounted for majority (95.8%) of the Salmonella serovars. Isolates from chicken (34) accounted for 47.9% of all isolates, out of which S. Budapest (14) was predominant (34.8%). However, the dominant S. Budapest serovars showed no genetic relatedness. The invA gene located on SPI-1 was detected in all isolates. Furthermore, 94% of the isolates from sheep harbored the spvC genes. The iroN gene was present in 50%, 100%, 88%, and 91% of isolates from human, chicken, sheep, and cattle, respectively. The pefA gene was detected in 18 isolates from chicken and a single isolate from sheep. Notably, having diverse Salmonella serovars containing plasmid encoded virulence genes circulating the food chain is of public health significance; hence, surveillance is required.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.187-195
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• 1998

In order to ameliorate disadvantages of buccal ointments and mucoadhesive tablets used for the treatment of aphthosis, a thin mucoadhesive patch containing triamcinolone acetoni de was designed and evaluated for the pharmaceutical properties. The adhesive gel layer consisting of Noveon AA-1, hydroxypropylcellulose-M and ethylcellulose N 100, and the protective gel layer of ethylcellulose N 100, Eudragit RSPO and castor oil have been formulated and various properties such as viscosity of drug gel layer, thickness, in vitro adhesion time, adhesive strength, surface pH, content uniformity and drug release are tested. The mean viscosity of drug-containing gel layer was found to increase with increasing amount of Noveon OAA-1 or hydroxypropylcellulose-M. The optimum formulation showed the thickness of 171 ${\mu}$m, surface pH of 4.6, in vitro adhesion time of 8 hours and adhesive strength of 272.7g/sheet. The drug content of each patch was relatively homogeneous with the value of 273${\pm}$6.77g. Drug release study showed that compared to mucoadhesive tablet, the patch showed a faster drug release. Drug release was delayed by hydroxypropylcellulose-M, but not by ethylcellulose N 100. The patches prepared were nonirritant and the muco adhesion was better than the commercial product (AftachR) on the market. Based on these results, this mucoadhesive patch is expected to be an effective dosage form for the treatment of aphthosis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.3 s.70
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• pp.427-433
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• 2005

With the completely discovery of the Drosophila genome sequence, the next great challenge is to extract its biological information by systematic expression and to perform functional analysis of the gene. Here we reported a proteome analysis of D. melanogaster with two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS). The cell extracts of D. melanogaster, $200{\mu}g$ were resolved to more than 400 silver-stained spots by 2-DE. The most abundant protein spots were ranged from 4.0-7.5 of pI and from 15-90 kDa of molecular weight. The excised spots were destained and in-gel digested by trypsin. The masses of the resulting peptide mixtures were measured by MALDI-TOF-MS. Identified proteins were compared with measured peptide mass and a dynamic peptide searching database which is accessible via the internet. The results revealed that identified proteins were produced by 59 genes derived from 65 protein spots.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 2012

Proteomic analysis was performed in order to identify proteomic changes by salt stress between the Japonica cv. Donganbyeo (WT) and two salt-tolerant (ST) mutant lines by using the SDS-PAGE and 2-DE. Two salt tolerant rice mutant lines, ST-87 and ST-301, were selected by in vitro mutagenesis with gamma-ray. Three-week-old seedlings were treated with 171 mM NaCl for 7 days. In the SDS-PAGE, three proteins with molecular weights of 27, 46 and 58 kDa were highly increased under salt treatment. Total proteins from shoots of both WT and ST-lines were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In 2-DE, 201, 226, 217 and 213 protein spots were detected in the untreated-or treated-WT and untreated- or treated-ST-87, respectively. Of theses, 17 and 10 protein spots were up- and down-regulated under salt stress in the WT, respectively. While, 16 and 8 protein spots were up- and down-regulated under salt stress in the ST-87, respectively, compared with the untreated plants. High intensity or de novo synthesized proteins were analyzed by MALDI-TOF/MS analysis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1196-1199
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• 2006

Tripterygium regelii SPRAGUE is distributed in Korea and Northern China. This extract has been used as a herb medicine, especially antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying agent in East asia. During our research to develop new antitumor agents from natural products, Dichlorornethane (CH$_2$Cl$_2$) extract of Tripterygium regelii SPRAGUE (DTR) showed the potent apoptotic effects in A-549 lung cancer, HeLa-3 cervical cancer, SKMEL-2 melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. in order to purify major compounds from DTR, column chromatography was carried out gradually. Silica gel and RP-18 column chromatography for active fractions led to the isolation of a compound. The compound determined by 1 H-NMR was turned out to De Celastrol known to have antitumor activity.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.60-67
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• 2008

The catalytic filter of Cu-ZSM5/alumina beads was considered to reduce NOx in the urea SCR system. Catalytic support of porous alumina beads with mean pore size $130{\mu}m$ and porosity $75{\sim}83%$ were prepared using foaming and gel-casting method. The Cu-ZSM5 catalysts were coated on the supporting alumina beads using $Cu(NO_3)_2$ by ion exchange method. After a washcoating process was applied to coat 10w% Cu-ZSM5 on porous alumina bead, coating layer was estimated $20{\mu}m$ in thickness. The characterization and the feasibility as a catalytic supports were investigated. And the NOx conversion test in Cu-ZSM5/Alumina Beads filter system was conducted by using Urea as reductants under laboratory test. The NOx conversion was increased as size and porosity of beads and observed more than 95% excellent NOx conversion above $300^{\circ}C$.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 2000

Retinoic acid (RA) evokes pattern duplication in the regenerating salamander limb. Interestingly, it also enhances dedifferentiation in the regenerate by the morphological, histological and biochemical criteria. To examine whether there is any correlation between the RA-evoked pattern duplication and de novo protein synthetic profile in the regenerating salamander limb, especially during dedifferentiation, we analyzed stage-specific protein synthesis pattern in the normal and RA-treated regenerating limbs by metabolic labeling followed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In the regenerating limbs without RA treatment, a few hundred kinds of proteins were found to be synthesized at the stage of wound healing and the total number of protein synthesized increased greatly as regeneration proceeded. The same trend was also observed in the RA-treated regenerating limbs. Interestingly, some protein spots were noted to be either newly synthesized or highly expressed by the RA treatment especially at the stage of dedifferentiation. The results shows that the enhancement of dedifferentiation state after the RA treatment correlates well with the protein synthesis profile, and suggest that those proteins are important for the RA-evoked pattern duplication in the regenerating limbs of salamander.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.178-185
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• 2007

Intermediate pentasil borosilicate zeolite-like materials have been crystallized by a novel method named steam-assisted conversion, which involves vapor-phase transport of water. Indeed, amorphous powders obtained by drying Na2O.SiO2.B2O3.TBA2O gels of various compositions using different boron sources are transformed into crystalline borosilicate zeolite belonging to pentasil family structure by contact with vapors of water under hydrothermal conditions. Using a variant of this method, a new material which has an intermediate structure of MFI/MEL in the ratio 90:10 was crystallized. The results show that steam and sufficiently high pH in the reacting hydrous solid are necessary for the crystallization to proceed. Characterization of the products shows some specific structural aspects which may have its unique catalytic properties. X-ray diffraction patterns of these microporous crystalline borosilicates are subjected to investigation, then, it is shown that the product structure has good crystallinity and is interpreted in terms of regular stacking of pentasil layers correlated by inversion centers (MFI structure) but interrupted by faults consisting of mirror-related layers (MEL structure). The products are also characterized by nitrogen adsorption at 77 K that shows higher microporous volume (0.160 cc/g) than that of pure MFI phase (0.119 cc/g). The obtained materials revealed high surface area (~600 m2/g). The infrared spectrum reveals the presence of an absorption band at 900.75 cm-1 indicating the incorporation of boron in tetrahedral sites in the silicate matrix of the crystalline phase.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.315-319
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• 2004

For antibody development of human serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT, EC 2.3.1.50), SPTLC1 and SPTLC2 genes were subcloned in pRset vector and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3)pLys cells. Eucaryotic SPT is a membrane-bound heterodimer enzyme, while all other members are soluble homodimer enzymes. cDNA library were obtained from total RNA from human embryo kidney cell line, HEK293, using RT-PCR and PCR with specific primers was carried out for preparing SPTLC1 and SPTLC2 genes. pRset vector which can express hexahistidine-tag fusion protein was used and the DNA sequences of pRsetB/SPTLC1 and pRsetA/SPTLC2 were confirmed. Recombinant BL21 cells with SPTLC subunits were selected with LB plate containing ampicillin and chroramphenicol. SPTLC1 and SPTLC2 proteins were induced with 1 mM IPTG and seperated on 10% SDS-PAGE gel. Expressed proteins were confirmed by western blotting with His-tag antibody.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) ranks as the 6th most planted crop in the world behind wheat, rice, maize, soybean, and barley. The objective of this study was to identify bio-marker among sorghum cultivars using proteomics approach such as two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). METHODS AND RESULTS: Proteins were extracted from sorghum seed, and separated by 2-DE. Total 652 spots were detected from 4 different sorghum seed after staining of 2-DE with colloidal Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB). Among them, 8 spots were differentially expressed and were identified using MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. They were involved in RNA metabolism (spot1, spot 4), heat shock proteins (HSPs, spot 2), storage proteins (spot 3, spot 5, and spot 6), and redox related proteins (spot 8). Eight of these proteins were highly up-regulated in Whinchalsusu (WCS). The HSPs, Cupin family protein, and Globulin were specifically accumulated in WCS. The DEAD-box helicase was expressed in 3 cultivars except for WCS. Ribonuclease T2 and aldo-keto reductase were only expressed in 3 cultivars except for Daepung-susu (DPS). CONCLUSION(S): Functions of identified proteins were mainly involved in RNA metabolism, heat shock protein (HSP), and redox related protein. Thus, they may provide new insight into a better understanding of the charactreization between the cultivars of sorghum.