• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제61권6호
• /
• pp.737-746
• /
• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was to compare the cosmetic outcome and complications after cranioplasty (CP) due to three different implant materials, and analyze the mean implant survival and cumulative survival rate based on these results. Methods : We reviewed 108 patients retrospectively who underwent CP between January 2014 and November 2016. Autologous bone (AB; 45 patients) and synthetic materials with porous polyethylene (PP; 32 patients) and custom-made 3-dimensional printed titanium mesh (CT; 31 patients) were used as implants. Results : Regardless of implanted materials, more than 89.8% of the CP patients were satisfied with the cosmetic outcome. No statistically significant difference was observed among the three groups. The overall postoperative complication rates of each group were 31.1% in the AB group, 15.6% in the PP group and 3.2% in the CT group. The CT group showed lower complication rates compared with AB and PP groups (${\chi}^2$-test : AB vs. PP, p=0.34; AB vs. CT, p=0.00; PP vs. CT, p=0.03). The AB and PP groups demonstrated a higher post-CP infection rate (11.1% and 6.3%) than the CT group (3.2%). However, no significant difference in the incidence of post-CP infection was observed among the three groups. The PP and CT groups demonstrated a higher mean implant survival time and cumulative survival rate than the AB group at the last follow-up (p<0.05). Conclusion : In comparison with AB and PP, cranioplasty with CT shows benefits in terms of lower post-CP complication, less intraoperative bleeding loss, shorter operation time and in-hospital stay. The PP and CT groups showed higher implant survival time and cumulative survival rate compared with the AB group.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.141-148
• /
• 2007

Background: Anti-IgE mAb which binds circulating but not receptor-bound IgE has been shown to be effective in treatment for asthma and other allergic diseases. However, the mechanisms by which anti-IgE mAb influences the pathophysiological responses are remained to be illustrated. This study was undertaken to examine the therapeutic efficacy of non-anaphylactogenic anti-mouse IgE mAb using murine models of IgE-induced systemic fatal anaphylaxis. Methods: Active systemic anaphylaxis was induced by either penicillin V(Pen V) or OVA and passive systemic anaphylaxis was induced by either anaphylactogenic anti-mouse IgE or a mixture of anti-chicken gamma globulin (CGG) IgG1 mAb and CGG. The binding of the Fc portion of anti-IgE to CHO-stable cell line expressing mouse Fc ${\gamma}$ RIIb was examined using flow cytometry. Fc fragments of anti-IgE mAb were prepared using papain digestion. The expression of phosphatases in lungs were assessed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results: Anti-IgE mAb prevented IgE- and IgG-induced active and passive systemic fatal reactions. In both types of anaphylaxis, anti-IgE mAb suppressed antigen-specific IgE responses, but not those of IgG. Anti-IgE mAb neither prevented anaphylaxis nor suppressed the IgE response in Fc ${\gamma}$ RIIb-deficient mice. The Fc portion of anti-IgE mAb was bound to murine Fc ${\gamma}$ RIIb gene-transfected CHO cells and inhibited systemic anaphylaxis. Anti-IgE mAb blocked the anaphylaxis-induced downregulation of Fc ${\gamma}$ RIIb-associated phosphatases such as src homology 2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase (SHIP) and phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN). Conclusion: Anti-IgE mAb prevented anaphylaxis by delivering nonspecific inhibitory signals through the inhibitory IgG receptor, Fc ${\gamma}$ RIIb, rather than targeting IgE.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.40-45
• /
• 2014

Abalone herpes-like virus (AbHV) is a fatal disease of abalones that impose severe economic impacts on the industry of infected regions due to high mortality. The aim of this study was to quantify the risk of introducing AbHV into Korea through the importation of live abalones for human consumption by import risk analysis (IRA). Monte Carlo simulation models were developed to provide estimates of the probability that a ton of imported abalone contains at least one AbHV-infected individual, using historical trade data and relevant literatures. A sensitivity analysis with 5,000 iterations was also conducted to determine the extent to which input parameters affect the outcome of the model. Although many uncertainties were present in the data, the results indicated that, if 5,000 tons of abalone were imported from a hypothetical exporting country with low prevalence of AbHV (model 1), there would be at least one AbHV-infected abalones in 4,816 of those tons (96.3%), while there would be at least one AbHV-infected abalones in 100% of those tons imported from country with high prevalence (model 2). Sensitivity analysis indicated that for model 1, prevalence was the strongest influence factor on the predicted number of infections. For model 2, background mortality and washing to reduce the risk of surface contamination during processing were the major contributing factors. Risk management strategies need to be enforced to reduce the risk of AbHV introduction in that at least one infected abalone would remain in a consignment from country even with a low prevalence of AbHV infection. The methodology and the results presented here will contribute to improve the development of AbHV management program, and with more accurate data this IRA model will aid science-based decision-making on mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of AbHV introduction in Korea.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.703-712
• /
• 2016

Monoclonal antibodies with specific antigens have been widely used as targeted therapy for cancer. Hep88 mAb is a monoclonal antibody which shows specific binding with anti-cancer effects against the HepG2 cell line. However, its mechanisms of action are still not completely understood. We examined cell cycling and apoptosis by flow cytometry and mRNA expression of factors involved in apoptosis and paraptosis in Hep88 mAb-treated HepG2 cells by real-time PCR. The cell-cycle analysis demonstrated that growth-inhibitory activity was associated with G2/M cell cycle arrest. Hep88 mAb induced a significant increase in apoptotic cell populations in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The mRNA expression results also suggested that the process triggered by Hep88 mAb involved up-regulation of tumor suppressor p53, pro-apoptotic Bax, Cathepsin B, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9, with a decrease of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 - thus confirming paraptosis and apoptosis programmed cell death. These findings represent new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer properties of Hep88 mAb in liver cancer cells.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.125-131
• /
• 2011

Through the present study, we produced a monoclonal antibody against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) using AFB1-carboxymethoxylamine BSA conjugates. One clone showing high binding ability was selected and it was applied to develop a direct competitive ELISA system. The epitope densities of AFB1-CMO against BSA and KLH were about 1 : 6 and 1 : 545, respectively. The monoclonal antibody (mAb) from cloned hybridoma cell was the IgG1 subclass with ${\lambda}$-type light chains. The $IC_{50}s$ of the monoclonal antibody developed for AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 were 4.36, 7.22, 6.61 and 29.41 ng/ml, respectively, based on the AFB1-KLH coated ELISA system and 15.28, 26.62, 32.75 and 56.67 ng/ml, respectively, based on the mAb coated ELISA. Cross-relativities of mAb to AFB1 for AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 were 60.47, 65.97 and 14.83% in the AFB1-KLH coated ELISA, and 59.41, 46.66 and 26.97% in the mAb coated ELISA, respectively. Quantitative calculations for AFB1 from the AFB1-Ab ELISA and AFB1-Ag ELISA ranged from 0.25 to 25 ng/ml ($R^2$ > 0.99) and from 1 to 100 ng/ml ($R^2$ > 0.99), respectively. The intra- and inter-assay precision CVs were < 10% in both ELISA assay, representing good reproducibility of developed assay. Recoveries ranged from 79.18 to 91.27%, CVs ranged from 3.21 to 7.97% after spiking AFB1 at concentrations ranging from 5 to 50 ng/ml and following by extraction with 70% methanol solution in the Ab-coated ELISA. In conclusion, we produced a group specific mAb against aflatoxins and developed two direct competitive ELISAs for the detection of AFB1 in feeds based on a monoclonal antibody developed.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.160-167
• /
• 2005

$GF(2^{m})$ 상의 공개키 암호 시스템에서 나눗셈/역원은 기본이 되는 연산으로 내부적으로 $AB^{2}$ 연산을 반복적으로 수행함으로써 계산이 된다. 본 논문에서는 유한 필드 $GF(2^{m})$상에서 $AB^{2}$ 연산을 수행하는 디지트 시리얼(digit-serial) 시스톨릭 구조를 제안하였다. L(디지트 크기)×L 크기의 디지트 시리얼 구조로 유도하기 위하여 새로운 $AB^{2}$ 알고리즘을 제안하고, 그 알고리즘에서 유도된 구조의 각 셀을 분리, 인덱스 변환시킨 후 병합하는 방법을 사용하였다. 제안된 구조는 공간-시간 복잡도를 비교할 때, 디지트 크기가 m보다 적을 때 비트 패러럴 구조에 비해 효율적이고, $(1/5)log_{2}(m+1)$ 보다 적을 때 비트 시리얼(bit-serial) 구조에 비해 효율적이다. 또한, 제안된 디지트 시리얼 구조에 파이프라인 기법을 적용하면 그렇지 않은 구조에 비해 m=160, L=8 일 때 공간-시간 복잡도가 $10.9\%$ 적다. 제안된 구조는 암호 프로세서 칩 디자인의 기본 구조로 이용될 수 있고, 또한 단순성, 규칙성과 병렬성으로 인해 VLSI 구현에 적합하다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.340-348
• /
• 2024

Salmonella, a major contributor to foodborne infections, typically causes self-limiting gastroenteritis. However, it is frequently invasive and disseminates across the intestinal epithelium, leading to deadly bacteremia. Although the genus is subdivided into >2,600 serotypes based on their antigenic determinants, only few serotypes are responsible for most human infections. In this study, a rapid dot-blot immunoassay was developed to diagnose multiple Salmonella enterica serotypes with high incidence rates in humans. The feasibility of 10 commercial antibodies (four polyclonal and six monoclonal antibodies) was tested using the 18 serotypes associated with 67.5% Salmonella infection cases in the United States of America (U.S.A) in 2016. Ab 3 (polyclonal; eight of 18 serotypes), Ab 8 (monoclonal; 13 of 18 serotypes), and Ab 9 (monoclonal; 10 of 18 serotypes) antibodies exhibited high detection rates in western blotting and combinations of two antibodies (Ab 3+8, Ab 3+9, and Ab 8+9) were applied to dot-blot assays. The combination of Ab 3+8 identified 15 of the tested 18 serotypes in 3 h, i.e., S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Javiana, S. I 4,[5],12:i:-, S. Infantis, S. Montevideo, S. Braenderup, S. Thompson, S. Saintpaul, S. Heidelberg, S. Oranienburg, S. Bareilly, S. Berta, S. Agona, and S. Anatum, which were responsible for 53.7% Salmonella infections in the U.S. in 2016. This cost-effective and rapid method can be utilized as an on-site colorimetric method for Salmonella detection.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제33권10호
• /
• pp.1606-1610
• /
• 2004

본 실험은 자돈식이내 $\delta$-아미노레불린산의 첨가가 이유자돈의 성장능력 및 혈액성상에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 사양시험은 3원 교잡종 자돈 75두(평균체중 7.21$\pm$0.02 kg)를 공시하였다. 시 험 설계는 1) NC(negative control; 무항생제 기초식이), 2) PC(positive control; NC diet+0.1% Apramycin+0.1% Oxytetracycline),3) ALA0.1 (NC diet+0.1% $\delta$-아미노레불린산), 4) ALA0.2(NC diet+0.2% $\delta$-아미노레불린산),5) ALA + AB (PC diet+0.2% $\delta$-아미노레불린산)의 5개 처리를 하였다. 총 사양시험기간동안, 일당증체 량은 ALA+AB 처리구가 NC 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높게 평가되었으나(p<0.05), PC, ALA0.1 그리고 ALA0.2처리구와는 통계적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 일당식 이섭취량과 식이효율에 있어서는 처리구간의 유의적 차이가 없었다. 시험 개시 후 20일령 에 측정한 영양소 소화율에 있어서는 건물과 질소 소화율에 있어서 ALA+AB처리구가 NC 처리구 및 ALA0.1 처리구와 비교하여 높게 평가되었다(p<0.05). 또한, 혈청내 total protein의 농도에 있어서는 ALA+AB처리구가 NC 처리구 및 PC 처리구와 비교하여 높게 평가되었다(p<0.05). 혈청내 iron의 농도는 $\delta$-아미노레불린산을 첨가한 처리구가 NC 및 PC 처리구에 비하여 유의적으로 높게 평가되었다(p<0.05). 혈청내 TIBC에 있어서는 ALA+AB 처리구가 NC, PC 그리고 ALA0.1 처리구와 비교하여 통계적으로 높게 평가되었다(p<0.05). 혈액내 Hb 및 HCT의 농도는 ALA0.2 처리구와 ALA+AB 처리구가 NC 처리구와 PC 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높게 평가되었다(p<0.05). 혈액내 RBC와 WBC의 농도는 ALA0.2 처리구와 ALA +AB 처리구가 NC 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높게 평가되었다(P<0.05). 혈액내 lymphocyte는 $\delta$-아미노레불린산 처리구가 NC 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0,05). 결론적으로, 자돈식 이내 $\delta$-아미노레불린산의 첨가는 자돈의 성장 및 소화율을 향상시키며, 혈액 내 total protein, iron, hemoglobin, lymphocyte의 수준을 증가시켰다. 또한, $\delta$-아미노레불린산과 항생제의 혼합급여는 자돈의 성장 능력에 있어 상승효과를 갖는 것으로 사료된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.32-33
• /
• 2005

• 청정기술
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.261-268
• /
• 2021

석탄계 입상 활성탄(CGAC)에 의한 acid black 1 (AB1) 염료의 평형, 동력학 및 열역학적 특성을 초기농도, 접촉 시간, 온도 및 pH 를 흡착변수로 하여 조사하였다. 활성탄에 의한 AB1의 흡착반응은 산성에서는 활성탄의 표면(H⁺)과 AB1이 가지고 있는 sulfite ion (SO₃^-), nitrite ion (NO₂^-) 사이의 정전기적 인력에 의해 일어났고, 최고 흡착률은 pH 3에서 97.7%였다. AB1의 등온 데이터는 Freundlich 등온식에 가장 잘 맞았으며, 계산된 분리계수(1/n) 값으로부터 활성탄에 의한 AB1의 흡착이 효과적인 처리과정이 될 수 있음을 알았다. Temkin 식의 흡착열 관련상수의 값은 물리 흡착 공정(< 20 J mol^-1)임을 나타냈다. 동역학 실험에서는 유사 2차 모델이 유사 1차 모델보다 더 일관성이 있었으며 추정된 평형 흡착량은 오차 백분율의 9.73% 이내에서 잘 일치하였다. 입자내 확산이 흡착 과정에서 속도 조절 단계였다. 활성화 에너지와 엔탈피 변화값으로부터 흡착반응이 물리흡착으로 진행되는 흡열반응임을 확인하였다. 엔트로피 변화는 활성탄 표면에서 AB1의 흡착이 일어나는 동안 고-액 계면에서 활발한 반응에 의해 엔트로피가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 자유에너지 변화는 온도증가와 함께 흡착반응의 자발성이 더 커지는 것을 나타냈다.