• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.579-589
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• 2009

We focused on the condition of washed, fresh ginseng in the market and analyzed consumer attitudes to the product to improve the consumption of fresh ginseng. A preference for fresh ginseng was high among every age class, and was particularly notable in older individuals. Fresh ginseng was usually eaten as ginseng chicken soup, mostly in summer and winter, and as a valuable health food, rather than because of desirable qualities of taste or smell. A total of 66.5% of those surveyed reported that they had purchased fresh ginseng, mostly from big discount stores. Such stores were preferred as outlets owing to a reputation for quality and shopper convenience (the stores were located near interviewees' homes). More than 70% of purchasers emphasized that they chose to purchase in department stores and traditional markets owing to the reputation for quality of such sources. Most consumers considered quality to be a prime element in purchase decisions. A total of 32.9% of those surveyed had bought washed fresh ginseng to give as a gift to a friend. Of those surveyed, 67.1% had never bought washed fresh ginseng. The following reasons were proposed to explain the preference for purchase of ginseng with attached soil. Most consumers (40.2%) thought the soil was a reflection of quality. Those who preferred washed fresh ginseng considered that the material was hygienic and convenient to store. When questioned about their intention to buy washed fresh ginseng, 55.0% of consumers replied in the affirmative and 17.1% in the negative. When consumers were asked whether they would be willing to pay an additional charge for the washing and packing of fresh ginseng, 58.8% answered in the affirmative.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.2 s.86
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• pp.221-227
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• 2005

The presence of voids behind tunnel linings is very likely to result in settlement or structural collapse. One proposed method of detecting such voids by non-destructive method is radar. More than effectively judging the existence of voids behind tunnel linings, this study aims to develop the analysis algorithm of radar capable of estimation of the shape of specific voids. To acquire directional information and estimate the shape of three-dimensional voids, the radar of three-dipole antenna type is used. As a foundation to this ongoing research, an investigation of microwave polarization methods using three-dipole antenna carried out with various void orientations and void geometries. As a result, it is clarified that the response of four microwave polarization modes depends on void geometry and thus there is a possibility of identifying the geometry and orientation (the shape) of specific voids using radar of three-dipole antenna type.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2021

Objective : In this study, we wanted to analyzed the current status of domestic senior center programs to collect data for the development of center programs for small and medium cities. Methods : To collect data, the researchers visited small and medium cities (Gyeonggi, Gyeongsang, Chungcheong, Jeolla and Gangwon) between July and September 2019 and conducted interpersonal surveys. The study involved 183 people. Results : The users mainly used senior centers 'because they of their friends' 55% indicated that they used centers four to five times a week. 45.9% were satisfied with their center, and 20.2% indicated that 'various programs' were needed to make the centers attractive. Of the non-users, 43.5% indicated that they did not use the centers for their lack of 'enjoyable' activities, and 46.5% indicated that 'various programs' should be developed to make the centers attractive. Programs favored by both users and non-users included exercise, hobbies and entertainment and health programs. Conclusion : The study show that the general factors influencing the use of senior centers by senior citizens living in small and medium-sized cities in Korea include the purpose of use, satisfaction with the program, and improvement points and limitations. Accordingly, the limitations of the existing center programs will be identified, and the findings can be used as the basis for the development of future programs.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.27-56
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• 2011

As the importance of small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) has increases, it has been accompanied by an increase in the amount research attention paid to the factors contributing to the competitiveness of SMEs. Human resource management(HRM) should be the central themes of the discussion. This study is performed to provide basic and broad information of the current state of HRM in SME as the first step for such an effort. The conditions of HRM and the degree of introduction and utilization of six different HRM practices, incentive regulation, complaints handling system, suggestion system, employment stability system, performance evaluation system, and regular education and training, are analyzed through the data collected form 763 SMEs of four industries in Daegu, Only 2 percent of responding companies had been formed unions, 43% evaluate their employment conditions are difficult. And 39% of the SMEs appraise their human resources are more competitive than those of other companies. The ration of introduction of regular education and training system is highest and that of performance evaluation is lowest among the all responding companies. In addition, employment stability system is found as the most actively utilized HRM practice. The implications of these results and future research directions are suggested.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.497-504
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• 2012

The purpose of the study was to present basic data of curriculum of PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) and to propose improved directions. To research clinical PACS education needs, radiological technologist who related on PACS was surveyed in 12 (55%) of capital area, 6 (27%) of middle area and 4 (18%) of southern area of Korea and for the medical institutes, 8 (36%) of over 1000 beds, 10 (45%) of 500 to 1000 beds and 4 (19%) of less 500 beds. And, to research the status of university education the survey was conducted in 6 of capital area, 6 of middle area and 6 of southern area. As a result, 95.5% of respondents in radiological technologist group thought that giving precede education for PACS and enlarging state-exam would be necessary. In university group, 78% of respondents answered that PACS was equipped and, 82% of them answered that it is very important to study PACS as major. Many universities, however, did not standardize major title and contents so a study about them needs to be followed up.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2017

This paper proposes a new nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) based direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation method for multiple sound sources using a dual microphone array. First of all, sound signals coming from the dual microphone array are segmented into consecutive analysis frames, and a steered-response power phase transform (SRP-PHAT) beamformer is applied to each frame so that stereo signals of each frame are represented in a time-direction domain. The time-direction outputs of SRP-PHAT are stored for a pre-defined number of frames, which is referred to as a time-direction block. Next, In order to estimate DOAs robust to noise, each time-direction block is normalized along the time by using a block subtraction technique. After that, an unsupervised NMF method is applied to the normalized time-direction block in order to cluster the directions of each sound source in a multiple sound source environments. In particular, the activation and basis matrices are used to estimate the number of sound sources and their DOAs, respectively. The DOA estimation performance of the proposed method is evaluated by measuring a mean absolute error (MAE) and the standard deviation of errors between the oracle and estimated DOAs under a three source condition, where the sources are located in [$-35{\circ}$, 5m], [$12{\circ}$, 4m], and [$38{\circ}$, 4.m] from the dual microphone array. It is shown from the experiment that the proposed method could relatively reduce MAE by 56.83%, compared to a conventional SRP-PHAT based DOA estimation method.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.587-590
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 스마트 안테나를 적용하여 서로 다른 대역폭(1.25MHz, 5Mhz)과 서로 다른 환경(rural, urban)에서 W-CDMA 시스템의 성능을 분석하였다. 먼저 스마트 안테나 시스템의 성능을 분석하기 위해서 시·공간 상관특성을 갖는 채널이 필요하다. 이를 위해 시간 정보를 고려하기 위해 시변 선형 필터로 모델링하였고, 공간 정보를 고려하기 위하여 배열 응답 벡터를 삽입하였다. 이 때 공간적으로는 일정량의 각도 퍼짐을 갖는 부-다중경로 성분으로 구성된 한 개의 반사파가 한 방향으로부터만 수신된다고 가정하였다. 또한 한 칩 내에 들어오는 다중 경로 성분을 분리하여 가장 큰 신호 성분만을 찾아내어 원하는 사용자의 신호로 사용하는 방법으로 모의 실험을 실행하였다. 모의실험 결과, 협대역 CDMA를 사용하는 스마트 안테나 시스템보다 광대역 CDMA를 사용하는 스마트 안테나 시스템이 더 나은 성능을 보임을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 스마트 안테나는 2D-RAKE receiver를 사용했을 때 urban area에서 보다 더 효과적임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.203-211
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• 2001

고층구조물의 해석에 사용되는 ETABS와 같은 상용프로그램은 해석의 단순화를 위하여 강막가정을 사용하게 된다. 이와 같은 강막가정은 일반적으로 바닥판의 휨 강성과 보의 편심효과를 무시하게 된다. 이러한 가정은 골조구조물의 정적해석에 대해서는 정당한 결과를 얻을 수 있으나 동적해석의 경우에는 바닥판의 휨 강성과 보의 편심효과가 구조물의 횡 방향 거동에 주요한 영향을 미치게 된다. 그러나 바닥판의 영향과 보의 편심효과를 고려하기 위해서는 유한요소의 특성상 바닥판과 보를 여러 개의 요소로 나누어야 하며, 이로 인하여 해석과 구조물의 모형화에 많은 시간이 소요되는 단점이 발생하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위하여 부분구조기법과 대형요소를 사용한 효율적인 모형화 방법에 대하여 연구하였다. 또한 최종적으로 각 층에 대하여 강막가정을 적용하여 층 당 3개의 자유도만을 고려하는 막대모델을 제안하였다. 본 논문에서는 제안한 모형화기법의 정당성을 검토하기 위하여 구조물의 응답을 비교하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.81-85
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• 1998

점확산 함수(point spread function; PSF)의 정확한 추정은 복원결과가 원 영상에 얼마나 근접할 수 있는가를 결정한다는 점에서 영상처리의 중요한 연구 주제중의 하나가 된다. 본 논문에서는 PSF를 추정하기 위한 알고리즘을 제안하고, 이를 영상복원에 적용한 후 이를 기반으로 디지털 자동초점시스템을 제안한다. 초점불안전 열화시스템을 구현하기 위한 과정은 두 단계로 구성되어 있는데, 즉 입력 영상에서 에지분류를 통한 PSF 추정과, 이를 이용한 영상복원이다. 보다 구체적으로, 입력 영상에 특정 에지가 있는 임의의 크기의 블록을 선정해부면, 그 블록으로부터 자동으로 에지방향이 기저영상을 이용해서 구해지며 확산원의 크기를 추정하여 1차원 단위 계단응답과 영역을 구하여 평균한 후, 2차원 등방성 PSF를 추정한다. 마지막으로 추정된 PSF를 사용하여 복원을 수행함으로써 초점이 맞는 영상을 구한다.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.209-216
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the response characteristics of pushover analysis of upper wall-lower frame system with X and Y-directions' lateral load Pushover analysis estimates initial elastic stiffness, post-yielding stiffness, and plastic hinges on each story of structures through three-dimensional nonlinear analysis program. The conclusions of this study are as follows; (1) As a result of pushover analysis, the magnitude of nonlinear response and distribution of yield hinge in lower structure are similar with both X and Y directions, but not in upper structure because of different relative stiffness. (2) The maximum drift ratio of roof is larger for X-direction than for Y-direction with respect to magnitude of shear wall areas in upper structure.