• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.95-107
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• 2000

The population dynamics of Salix nipponica and S. koreensis and the sediment factors were investigated in the wetland of the Nam-River. Chinju. Gyongsangnam-do, Korea. Each population of S. nipponica and S. koreensis was divided into four stages during the riverbed sedimentation: the first stage of establishment by S. nipponica, the second stage of coexistence by S, nipponica and S. koreensis, the third stage of dominated by S. koreensis, while S. nipponica was decreased during the increase of the water table in the sediment, and the fourth stage of the climax by S. koreensis, while S. nipponica almost died when the water table was twice to the third stage. Tree height, age, and density of S. nipponica were decreased, while S. koreensis increased along the sedimentation. And the composition of understory species showed no differences in each stage. The water table and the clay content affected on the distribution of Salix spp. in each stage, according to the PCA. The water table and the clay content increased during the sedimentation, while the other factors were almost the same.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to furnish basic information for forest community ecology and to accumulate vegetational datum related to hierarchy of forest community for the efficient management of forest vegetation in Mt. Mani. Samples were collected and analyzed by 32 releves from August to October in 2010 using phytosociological analysis methodology of Z-M school and importance value analysis. The results were summarized that the forest vegetation was classified into 5 units in total. Importance value at vegetation unit 1 indicated Pinus densiflora 54.31 (18.10%), Quercus mongolica 39.21 (13.07%), Carpinus coreana 37.29 (12.43%), at vegetation unit 2 Quercus mongolica 89.43 (22.23%), Rhododendron mucronulatum 57.75 (14.43%), Carpinus coreana 47.19(11.80%), at vegetation unit 3 Styrax japonica 53.97 (13.50%), Acer mono 33.60 (8.40%), Carpinus coreana 26.48 (6.62%), Quercus serrata 22.51 (5.64%), at vegetation unit 4 Carpinus coreana 47.70 (11.92%), Quercus acutissima 38.40 (9.60%) and at vegetation unit 5 Evodia daniellii 80.59 (20.14%), Robinia pseudoacacia 35.00 (8.74%), Pueraria thunbergiana 28.63 (7.15%), Quercus dentata 28.20 (7.05%) in the order, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.138-146
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• 2001

The land cover over Korean peninsula was classified using a multi-temporal NOAA/AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) data. Four types of phenological data derived from the 10-day composited NDVI (Normalized Differences Vegetation Index), maximum and annual mean land surface temperature, and topographical data were used not only reducing the data volume but also increasing the accuracy of classification. Self organizing feature map (SOFM), a kind of neural network technique, was used for the clustering of satellite data. We used a decision tree for the classification of the clusters. When we compared the classification results with the time series of NDVI and some other available ground truth data, the urban, agricultural area, deciduous tree and evergreen tree were clearly classified.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.82 no.2
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• pp.176-187
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• 1993

Based on the analysis of ecomorphological characters for 84 tree and shrub species, climax indices were estimated so as to interpret the position of the successional sere for the species in the natural deciduous forest. Nineteen ecomorphological characters, considered to be associated with successional gradient in the forest, were selected for the study. One of 2 to 4 steps per character for each species was given on a standardized scale of increasing climaxness, and the index was computed by percent of the sum of the scoring values for total score. Calculated mean value of 54.2 for all indices. Carpinus laxiflora had the highest index value of 83.3, and Populus davidiana recorded the lowest of 18.8. The most climax group, greater than 70 of the index, contained only 9 species, intermediate group, between 40 to 70 of the index, had 58 species, and the most pioneer group, less than 40 of the index comprised 17 species. The result has noticed that the large number of species would take advantage of most diverse resource and niche in the intermediate stage of the sere in the forest. The three components, i.e., light absorption, reproduction, and wood quality were used as axes for a 3-dimensional projection of the relative position for 44 species by principal component analysis. Along the similar ecomorphological characters, four recognized species group were classified by cluster analysis. The distribution pattern of plant families on the index gradient showed that the Betulaceae and Aceraceae had the widest seral amplitude, and the Salicaceae was a family typified as pioneer. There were no families specializing entirely with climax niche.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.314-326
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• 2020

This study was carried out to develop a resistant variety against the K3a race of bacterial blight, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, through expansion and pyramiding of resistance genes. To develop an elite bacterial blight-resistant cultivar, the breeding process and bacterial blight resistance reactions in advanced backcross lines (ABLs) were analyzed. ABLs21 which contain Xa3 and Xa21, were developed by double backcrossing japonica cultivar Hwanggeumnuri, which has bacterial blight resistant Xa3 gene, and indica variety IRBB21, which havs Xa21 gene, followed by disease resistance bioassay and marker-assisted selection. The resistance genes of ABLs21 were amplified by PCR with the molecular markers 9643.T4 (Xa3) and U1/I1 (Xa21). Hwanggeumnuri and IRBB3 showed resistance reactions against K1, K2, and K3 races, and a susceptible reaction against K3a, K4, and K5 races. IRBB21 showed resistance reactions against K2, K3, K3a, K4 and K5 races, and a susceptible reaction against K1 race. Hwanggeumnuri showed susceptible reactions at the seedling, tillering and adult stages (all stages), whereas ABL21-1 showed moderate resistance at the tillering stage. ABL21-1 showed stable resistance against 18 isolates of K3a race, and the lesion length was shorter than that of the donor parents. In cluster analysis, the HB4032 isolate showed the highest pathogenicity among the 18 isolates. The molecular marker polymorphisms and average substituted chromosome segment lengths of ABLs21 were 63.2 % and 86.1 cM, respectively. Insertion of the donor chromosomal segments occurred in the predicted region of the Xa21 gene of ABLs21.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.107-116
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to verify the applicability of concept mapping in the process of planning social welfare program based on community network. Concept mapping is a kind of decision-making method that structuralized complex ideas and presented visually. Already, concept mapping is widely utilized in counseling, nursing and public health area to plan and evaluation their program and service. For recent, effectiveness of concept mapping has been reported. Concept mapping is a effective decision-making method that they recognize outcome gap between service provider and client, reach the outcome's consensus in counseling and nursing, medical area. In this study, we conceptualized 3rd year outcomes of Community Impact Project that was supported from Busan Chest using concept mapping. This CI project intervenes children and youth who lives in Buk-gu, Busan. Concept mapping has six stages-preparation, collecting ideas, structuring statements, representing statement, interpreting the results of the analysis, applying the results. We followed these steps. The participants were working at social welfare organizations, total 11 persons. We obtained 60 statements and analyzed using multidimensional scaling. we collected 5 clusters, cluster 1 'awareness and attitude change of children and youth', cluster 2 'social system change of children and youth', cluster 3 'friendly community formation', cluster 4 'community people change', cluster 5 'service provider change'. As a result, among total 5 clusters formed, 'awareness and attitude change of children and youth' came to the strongest outcomes. When concept mapping was applied to the program planning, the consensus of the opinion came easily in the decision-making process, and the participants were empowered. In addition, clear conceptualization on each element of the program planning was made.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.101-113
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• 2007

The period of military personnel service will be phased down by 2014 according to 'The law of National Defense Reformation' issued by the Ministry of National Defense. For this reason, the ROK army provides discrimination education to 'newly recruited privates' for more effective individual performance in the on-the-job training. For the training to be more effective, it would be essential to predict the degree of achievements by new privates in the training. Thus, we used data mining techniques to develop a classification model which classifies the new privates into one of two achievements groups, so that different skills of education are applied to each group. The target variable for this model is a binary variable, whose value can be either 'a group of general control' or 'a group of special control'. We developed four pure classification models using Neural Network, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine and Naive Bayesian. We also built four hybrid models, each of which combines k-means clustering algorithm with one of these four mining technique. Experimental results demonstrated that the highest performance model was the hybrid model of k-means and Neural Network. We expect that various military education programs could be supported by these classification models for better educational performance.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Information Technology Applications Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.185-207
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• 2006

산업단지는 지난 30년간 한국 산업의 성장을 이끌어 온 발전모형으로서 존재하여 왔으나, 최근 지식에 기초한 혁신창출형 경제체제가 국가 및 지역사회의 경쟁력을 위한 핵심요소로 부각되면서 '효율성' 측면에서 그 의미가 크게 퇴색되었다. 이를 위한 대안으로서 '클러스터'가 대두되어 다양한 분석연구가 수행되고 있으며, 정부와 지방자치단체들은 이를 바탕으로 각자의 특색에 맞는 클러스터 조성 정책을 펼치고 있다. 그러나, 기존의 연구들은 클러스터의 종류 및 발전단계에 관한 프레임워크 제시 등의 이론적 수준에 국한되어 있거나, 지역사례 연구를 통한 성공요인분석(CFS) 및 단순한 정책방향 제시 수준에 머물러 있는 한계를 보이고 있다. 본 연구는 '클러스터'에 관한 선행연구를 분석해 보고, 클러스터의 중요한 판단기준이 되는 군집도와 네트워크 연계 정도를 기준으로 한 '$2{\times}2$ 클러스터 전략격자모형'을 효과적인 클러스터 구축전략 수립을 위한 이론적 틀로서 제시하였다. 또한, 분석틀에 실질적인 사례로서 '충북지역의 SW산업'을 전략격자모형에 대응시켜 분석함으로써 전략격자의 유용성을 제시하였다. 이를 위해, 충북지역의 SW 공급업체와 수요업체를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시, 분석한 후 그 결과를 전략격자모형에 대응시켰다. 그 결과, 충북지역의 SW산업은 아직 산업단지 수준에 있는 것으로 분석되었고 충북의 SW산업의 충북 내의 수요만으로는 더 큰 성장이 어려운 것으로 분석, 지역 내에서의 수요창출을 목표로 하는 '단일 클러스터' 구축보다는 지역적 제약을 벗어난 '매가 클러스터'의 구축으로 지역 내외에서의 수요창출이 가능한 클러스터의 구축을 그 대안으로 제시하였다.${\alpha}$에 E. coli Jm109의 plasmid pBX19, pBR322를 전이시켰다. 6. L. lactis ssp. lactis 균주에 lysozyme 처리시 30${\sim}$80%의 생존율을 보였으며, 대부분의 L. acidophilus 균주의 경우 약 70%의 생존율을 보였다. L. casei 102S의 경우는 45분간 처리 시에도 100%의 생존율을 보였다. 8. L. lactis ssp. lactis 균주에 pLZ12를 6.0kV에서 전이시킨 결과 12.5kV에서보다 형질전환 효율이 훨씬 높았으며 lysozyme 처리에 의해 형질전환 효율이 증가되었다. 9. L. acidophilus 균주에 pLZ12를 전이시 6.0kV에서는 전이가 모두 이루어졌으나, 12.5kV에서는 L. acidophilus WIESBY와 NCFM에서 전이가 이루어지지 않았으며, lysozyme 처리 후 pLZ12를 전이시켰을 때 12kV보다 6.0kV에서 형질전환 효율이 증가되었다. 10. Gene Pulser와 Progenitor II를 사용하여 pLZ12를 L. lactis ssp. lactis 균주에 전이하였을 때 Gene Pulser에 비해 Progenitor II의 형질전환 효율이 현저히 떨어졌다. L. acidophilus HY7008과 HY7001은 두 기기 모두 형질전환이 이루어졌으나, L. acidophilus WEISBY와 NCFM은 Progeni-tor II에서 전이가 일어나지 않았으며, Gene Pulser에서 전이균주를 얻어 두 electroporator간에 형질전환 효율의 차이를 보였다. 11. L. casei 102S에 pLZ12

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to show the empirical extraction way of benchmarking ports for overcoming the shortcoming which the traditional DEA method has by using 20 Korean ports in 2003 for 2 inputs (birthing capacity, cargo handling capacity) and 2 outputs(Export and Import Quantity, Number of Ship Calls). Because DEA method has produced the limited set of efficient units which are reference to inefficient units respective of their differences in efficiency scores, it is necessary to adopt the more feasible benchmarking information according to the path analysis(tier or stratification). The core empirical results of this paper are as follows. Benchmarking ports against inefficient ports according to the tier analysis are that Masan Port(Janghang$\rightarrow$Jeju$\rightarrow$Seogoipo$\rightarrow$Yeosu), Jinhae Port(Janghang$\rightarrow$Mogpo$\rightarrow$Seogoipo$\rightarrow$Wando), Pohang&DonghaePort(Janghang$\rightarrow$Samcheonpo$\rightarrow$Pyungtag$\rightarrow$Samcheog), and Sogcho Port(Janghang$\rightarrow$Mogpo$\rightarrow$Seogoipo$\rightarrow$Wando). The policy implication to the Korean seaports and planners is that Korean seaports should introduce the new methods like Tier analysis of this paper for evaluating the port performance and enhancing the efficiency in short term, mid term, and long term according to the tier 3 stage, the tier 2 stage, and the tier 1 stage with original DEA stage.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.4
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• pp.573-581
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• 2001

The purposes of this study are to estimate mean willingness to pay (WTP) for preventing forest fires by contingent valuation method (CVM), and to calibrate the variables affecting WTP. The forest fire prevention fund was utilized as a payment vehicle to elicit respondents' willingness to pay (WTP). A total of 500 adults who reside in Seoul Metropolitan area were selected by two-stage cluster sampling and conducted the face-to-face interview. The scenario was designed to meet the requirements for double-bounded dichotomous choice CVM. More than half of the respondents (64.6%) have a willing to pay for the fund. The mean WTP was \4,532. Therefore a total WTP for the population was \34,165,758,000. The calibration of Weibull proportional hazard model showed that education level, environmental conservation intention and negative consciousness about the effect of forest fire were independent variables strongly influencing the WTP.