• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.80-84
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• 2013

Purpose: The Immunotech AFP is a widely used test in 14 hospitals(RIA QC establishments: 46) as a liver tumor marker. Normally, the test takes 45 minutes including complicated 2 step method. We evaluated the possibility of 1 step method and suitable test time. Materials and Methods: Samples of 31 patients in SNUBH were used as subject. We evaluated the sensitivity, intra and inter assay precision, recovery rate, linearity between 1 step and 2 step method (45 min. and 60 min.). Results: Both of 45 minutes and 60 minutes test showed 0.1 ng/mL sensitivity. In 45 minutes test, the intra assay coefficients of variation were 3.05%, 3.43%, 1.68%. Also, inter assay coefficients of variation were 3.91%, 2.38%, 0.82%. In 60 minutes test, the intra assay were 5.00%, 3.69%, 1.97%, inter assay were 3.14%, 3.71%, 1.85%.The correlation coefficient of each 2 step and 1 step (45 min.), 2 step and 1 step(60 min.), 1 step (45 min.) and 1 step (60 min.) were y=0.9293x+2.7356 ($R^{2}=0.9999$), y=0.9193x+4.1002 ($R^{2}=0.9993$), y=0.9894x+1.3805 ($R^{2}=0.9997$). Conclusion: Compared 1step method to 2 step method, both method showed very reasonable precision, recovery rate and correlation coefficient. Also, 1 step method(45 min.) of correlation coefficient ($R^2$) was 0.999. We suggest that 1 step method test can reduce the test time and is useful for AFP test.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2018

In this paper, we introduce and solve the following additive (${\rho}_1,{\rho}_2$)-functional inequality (0.1) $${\parallel}f(x+y+z)-f(x)-f(y)-f(z){\parallel}{\leq}{\parallel}{\rho}_1(f(x+z)-f(x)-f(z)){\parallel}+{\parallel}{\rho}_2(f(y+z)-f(y)-f(z)){\parallel}$$, where ${\rho}_1$ and ${\rho}_2$ are fixed nonzero complex numbers with ${\mid}{\rho}_1{\mid}+{\mid}{\rho}_2{\mid}$ < 2. Using the fixed point method and the direct method, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the additive (${\rho}_1,{\rho}_2$)-functional inequality (0.1) in complex Banach spaces.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.13-27
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present a recoil measurement and analysis of K2 rifle for the development of a virtual reality marksmanship training in the Republic of Korea Army. Methods: For the recoil measurement, a test-bed is built by a barrel that has exact dimensions of K2 rifle and three piezoelectric pressure sensors mounted on the barrel. Data of over 200 rounds of 5.56mm M193 and K100 bullets are collected and analyzed from live fire experiments. For the recoil analysis, both the free recoil method and the gas exhaust aftereffect method are used to calculate a recoil velocity, momentum and kinetic energy of K2 rifle by applying the law of conservation of momentum. In addition, a new method is proposed that uses the third law of motion and the chamber pressure model for the recoil measurement Results: The results show how different between the previous and proposed methods with respect to M193 and K100 bullets of K2 rifle. In M193, the free recoil method demonstrates 1.113, 4.197, and 2.335, the gas exhaust aftereffect method computes 1.698, 6.407, and 5.441, and the proposed method calculates 0.990, 3.734, and 1.848 in recoil velocity, momentum and kinetic energy, respectively. In K100, the free recoil method demonstrates 1.190, 4.487, and 2.669, the gas exhaust aftereffect method computes 1.776, 6.699, and 5.949, and the proposed method calculates 1.060, 3.998, and 2.119 in recoil velocity, momentum and kinetic energy, respectively. Conclusion: This study implements live fire experiments to provide recoil velocity, momentum, and kinetic energy of K2 rifle using both M193 and K100 bullets. For the development of the army virtual reality marksmanship, the results in this paper would be useful to design and produce a gun and/or a rifle of virtual reality.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 1983

It is shown that the Shanks sequence $E_{k}$-transformation and the conventional extrapolation method are theoretically related. The $E_1$$^2$-transformation method is then applied for the multigroup diffusion problems. The diffusion code, CITATION, is modified for this study and the computing time is compared for each iteration tactics. The Equipose method, in which only sing1e inner iteration for each energy group is carried for an outer iteration, has been known as the fastest iteration method. However, in the case of 3-group problems, the proposed method, in which the number of inner iteration for the fast and thermal group is 2 and 1 respectively, gives better convergency than the Equipose method by about 12%. The double extrapolation method results in faster computing time than the single extrapolation method without computing storage problem. It is, however, to note that this method is verified only for a two-group treatment.t.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 1995

In recent years there has been a growing interest in total body irradiation. For refractory leukemia or lymphoma patients, varions techniques and dose regimens were intridused, including high dose total body irradiation for destruction of leukemic or bone marrow cells and immunosupperression prior to bone marrow transplantation. Accurate provision for specified dose and the desired homogeneity are essential before clinical total body irradiatio. When performed in total body irradiation, the problem obtain uniform uniform dose distribution in brain, neck, lung, umbilicus, pelvis and leg. Authors compared to dose distribution with method 1 and method 1. The method 1 used compensationg filters for homogeneous dose distribution(Minesota University Method). The method 2 used fixing frame made in acryl developing authors. Results were following 1. Method 1 was showed dose distribution from 95.6％ to 100％, method 2 showed dose distribution from 95.4％ to 100％ 2. Method 2 was showed different to 3.4％ at skin region and midline in the brain. In the neck, showed different to 1.5％. In the umbilicus, showed different to 2.3％.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.33-37
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• 2004

Soil samples used in this study were taken from the site at which diesel spill accident had occurred in 1995. It was confirmed that all of soil samples were contaminated with diesel which was going on weathering. The concentrations of diesel in soils were determined by Korea standard method revised in July 1999 (Method 1) and US EPA method 8015b (Method 2). Some additional soil samples were analyzed with Korea standard method revised in July 2002 (Method 3) to compare the accuracy and reproducibility with Method 2. The only four of forty-six samples were determined when the analysis carried out according to Method 1 while forty-three of forty-six samples had the value above criterion (2000mg kg$^{-1}$ ) according to Method 2. There were no significant differences between the results of the analysis by Method 2 and Method 3. Based on these results, Method 2 and 3 were more appropriate than Method 1 for the determination of weathered diesel in soil. Method 2 had almost equivalent accuracy and reproducibility to Method 3.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.9 no.1_2
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• pp.18-22
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• 1965

A new organic reagent, 1-isonicotinoyl-2-furfurylidene hydrazine was synthesized from isonicotinic acid hydrazide and furfural, gives precipitate with copper(II), mercury(II) and argent(I), whereas, it gives a water soluble yellow complex with iron(III). Copper complex of the reagent is soluble in EtOH MtOH, pyridine, dioxane and dimethylformamide with green yellow coloration. The complex has a maximum absorption at 385 m.$\mu$ and molar ratio of copper; reagent was estimated as 1:1 by continuous variation method, slop method and chelate titration method. Molar extinction coefficient (9600) and apparant formation constant of this complex was spectrophotometrically determined. K=1.7 * $10^{7}$ (Babko's method) K=2.1 * $10^{7}$ (Anderson's method). This reagent reacted with copper so sensitive that it would be available for determination of Cu (II).

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.772-777
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• 1999

$Y_2Ba_1Cu_1O_5(Y211)$ powders were prepared by pyrophoric synthesis method and by solid state reaction method using $Y_2O_3(99.9%)$, $BaCO_3(99.9%)$, and CuO(99.9%) powders in both of these processes. The phase formation and reaction kinetics of $Y_2Ba_1Cu_1O_5$ powders have been studied using X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD) of samples at various heat treatment temperatures and reaction time. The reaction characterization suggested that the phase formation rate is mainly controlled by the particle size of Y211 powders. The activation energy(${\Delta}E_a$) of Y211 phase formation in this pyrophoric synthesis method was found to be 136.42 kJ/mol compared with 149.46 kJ/mol for that of solid state reaction method. These results data showed that the pyrophoric synthesis method is kineticaly more efficient than the solid state reaction method in this $Y_2Ba_1Cu_1O_5$ system.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the most effective method for repairing the exfoliated resin teeth. The specimens were divided into five groups according to repair method and presence of retention holes. The groups were as follows Group1 : Control group Group2 : Sprinkle method with no retention holes Group3 : Sprinkle method with retention holes Group4 : Flask method with no retention holes Group5 : Flask method with retention holes The results were as follows. 1. According to shear bond strength, the value decreased in the order of group1, group5, group3, group2, group4 and there were significant difference between, each group except between group1 and groups5, group2 and group3, group2 and group4(p < 0.05). 2. According to observations of the exfoliation surface, group2 and 4 showed more failure in the denture base resin and repair resin interface, but in group1, 3 and 5 there were more mixed failures. From the results above, there were no significant difference between repair methods without retention holes. But when comparing groups with retention holes, the flask method showed significantly improved results compared to the sprinkle method. Especially, group5 showed similar results as the control group.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.103-108
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• 2011

Generally, Miller-Rabin method has been the most popular primality test. This method arbitrary selects m at k-times from m=[2, n-1] range and (m,n)=1. Miller-Rabin method performs $k{\times}r$ times and reports prime as $m^d\;{\equiv}\;1(mod\;n)$ or $m^{2^rd}\;{\equiv}\;-1(mod n)$ such that n-1=$2^sd$, $0\;{\leq}\;r\;{\leq}\;s-1$. This paper suggests more simple primality test than Miller-Rabin method. This test method computes c=$p^{\frac{n-1}{2}}(mod\;n)$ for k times and reports prime as c=-1. The proposed primality test method reduces $k{\times}r$ times of Miller-Rabin method to k times.