Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management (품질경영학회지)

Korean Society for Quality Management (한국품질경영학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on K2 Rifle Recoil Measurement and Analysis for Virtual Reality Marksmanship

가상현실 사격훈련을 위한 탄종별 K2 소화기의 주퇴산출 및 분석 연구

  • Kim, Jong-Hwan (Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Korea Military Academy) ;
  • Jin, Youngho (4th R&D Institute, Agency for Defense Development) ;
  • Kwak, Yunki (Combatant Support System Research Center, DTAQ)
  • 김종환 (육군사관학교 기계.시스템공학과) ;
  • 진영호 (국방과학연구소 4본부) ;
  • 곽윤기 (국방기술품질원 전력지원체계연구센터)
  • Received : 2019.02.25
  • Accepted : 2020.02.19
  • Published : 2020.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present a recoil measurement and analysis of K2 rifle for the development of a virtual reality marksmanship training in the Republic of Korea Army. Methods: For the recoil measurement, a test-bed is built by a barrel that has exact dimensions of K2 rifle and three piezoelectric pressure sensors mounted on the barrel. Data of over 200 rounds of 5.56mm M193 and K100 bullets are collected and analyzed from live fire experiments. For the recoil analysis, both the free recoil method and the gas exhaust aftereffect method are used to calculate a recoil velocity, momentum and kinetic energy of K2 rifle by applying the law of conservation of momentum. In addition, a new method is proposed that uses the third law of motion and the chamber pressure model for the recoil measurement Results: The results show how different between the previous and proposed methods with respect to M193 and K100 bullets of K2 rifle. In M193, the free recoil method demonstrates 1.113, 4.197, and 2.335, the gas exhaust aftereffect method computes 1.698, 6.407, and 5.441, and the proposed method calculates 0.990, 3.734, and 1.848 in recoil velocity, momentum and kinetic energy, respectively. In K100, the free recoil method demonstrates 1.190, 4.487, and 2.669, the gas exhaust aftereffect method computes 1.776, 6.699, and 5.949, and the proposed method calculates 1.060, 3.998, and 2.119 in recoil velocity, momentum and kinetic energy, respectively. Conclusion: This study implements live fire experiments to provide recoil velocity, momentum, and kinetic energy of K2 rifle using both M193 and K100 bullets. For the development of the army virtual reality marksmanship, the results in this paper would be useful to design and produce a gun and/or a rifle of virtual reality.

Keywords

References

  1. Canfield-Hershkowitz, B., et al. 2013. Rifle and Shotgun Recoil Test System.
  2. Anderson, J. C., and Gerbing, D. W. 1988. Structural Equation Modeling in Practice: A Review and Recommended Two-step Approach. Psychological Bulletin 103(3):411-23. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
  3. Carlucci, D. E., and S. S. Jacobson. 2018. Ballistics: Theory and Design of Guns and Ammunition, CRC Press.
  4. F. Morelli, J. M. Neugebauer, C. A. Haynes, T. C. Fry, S. V. Ortega, D. J. Struve, et al. 2017. Shooter-System Performance Variability as a Function of Recoil Dynamics. Human Factors 59:973-985. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720817700537
  5. F. Morelli, J. M. Neugebauer, M. E. LaFiandra, P. Burcham, and C. T. Gordon. 2014. Recoil Measurement, Mitigation Techniques, and Effects on Small Arms Weapon Design and Marksmanship Performance. IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems 44:422-428, https://doi.org/10.1109/THMS.2014.2301715
  6. Fedaravicius, A., et al. 2016. Design, Research and Practical Implementation of the Laser Shooting Simulation System for 5.56 mm G-36, 7.62 mm FN MAG and 84 mm Carl Gustaf. Problemy Mechatroniki: uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inzynieria bezpieczenstwa 7(2(24)):7-18.
  7. Germershausen, R. 1982. Handbook on Weaponry. Dusseldorf: Rheinmetall GmbH.
  8. Gu, S. H., et al. 2018. A Study on V50 Calculation in Bulletproof Test Using Logistic Regression Model. J Korean Soc Qual Manag 46(3):453-464. https://doi.org/10.7469/JKSQM.2018.46.3.453
  9. Gu, S. H., et al. 2019. A Study on Improvement of Ballistic Testing Method for Combat Helmet. J Korean Soc Qual Manag 47(2):283-294. https://doi.org/10.7469/JKSQM.2019.47.2.283
  10. Haptech Product Descriptions. [Internet]. 2016 Feb 3. Available from: http://www.haptech.co/products.
  11. Heungju, L. 1996. Gun and Ballistics. Chungmungak.
  12. K. Jong-Hwan, and S. Yun-ho. 2017. Ballisitic Limit Velocity Comparison for Warship Materials against AK-47 7.62mm MSC, Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea 54:286-293. https://doi.org/10.3744/SNAK.2017.54.4.286
  13. K. Monti, and D. Marse. 2018. Method and Apparatus for Firearm Recoil Simulation. ed: Google Patents.
  14. Kim, J.-H., & Jo, S. 2016. Recursive Bayesian Filter Based Strike Velocity Estimation for Small Caliber Projectile. Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology 19(2).
  15. Kim, J.-H., et al. 2019. Gaussian Mixture Based K2 Rifle Chamber Pressure Modeling of M193 and K100 Bullets. Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology 22(1):27-34. https://doi.org/10.9766/KIMST.2019.22.1.027
  16. Lee, s., et al. 2008. A Study on the Calculation of Muzzle Velocity through the Gun Barrel Pressure Measurement. The Korea Society of Propulsion Engineers 12(5):60-66.
  17. LUKAC, T., et al. 2016. Experimental Mechanical Device for Recoil Simulation. In: Scientific Research & Education in the Air Force-AFASES. pp. 337-343.
  18. M. Grasser, M. Florian, H. Christian, M. Gerald, and S. Bergmoser. 2017 Recoil-Measurement, Simulation and Analysis in International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning. pp. 830-839.
  19. Park BU, Yun JH, Lee KS, and Kang SJ. 2015. Simulation Shooting Gun. Korean Patent, 1020140118535.
  20. Sangkil, L., et al. 2014. Weapons Engineering. Chungmungak.
  21. T. J. Cyders, J. J. DiGiovanni, and W. Jay. Characterization of Natural and Recoil-induced Vibration of an AR-15 Rifle at the Cheekbone-stock Interface. In Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics 173EAA. 065011.
  22. Y.-h. Shin, J.-h. Chung, and J.-H. Kim. 2018. Test and Estimation of Ballistic Armor Performance for Recent Nnaval Ship Structural Materials. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering 10:762-778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2017.10.007