• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.99-110
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• 1986

In order to use for metabolic studies of tranylcypromine (TCP), TCP-phenyl-$d_{5}$ was synthesized via the intermediates, 3-benzoylpropionic acid-$d_{5}$ and trans-2-phenylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid-$d_{5}$ -TCP(0.22 mmole/kg) and its deuterated analog were administered s. c. to the rats and GC/MS analyses of the urines led to the detection of N-acetyltranylcypromine (ATCP) and glucuronide conjugate of phenyl-hydroxylated ATCP. MAO activities in rat brain were measured using serotonin as the substrate. In vitro $IC_{50}$ of ATCP was determined to be $10^{-3}M$. The inhibitions by ATCP were not dependent on the preincubation time and were reversed by washing sedimented mitochondrial pellets after the preincubation. In vivo MAO inhibitions at various times of 0.5, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 23 hr after the administration of 0.4 mmole/kg (i. p. ) of ATCP were found to be 0.13, 73, 90, 89, and 74 %, respectively. Similarly, the inhibition percents by 0.015 mmole/kg (i. p. ) of TCP were 94, 99, 95, 91, 71 and 49%. The results strongly suggest that deacetylated product of ATCP may account for its in vivo MAO inhibition. The relationship between the metabolism via phenyl-hydroxylation and the in vivo potency of TCP was examined by QSAR study and it was found that groupings discriminating between the compounds with p-substituents and those without them only ensure high correlations, suggesting that ring-hydroxylation which occurs at the para position in most of the compounds is a determining factor to the potency of TCP.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.608-614
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• 2003

Well developed hydroxyapatite whiskers (length 5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, diameter 0.5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) have been synthesized by the hydrolysis reaction of $\alpha$-tricalcium phosphate ($\alpha$-Ca$_3$(PO$_4$)$_2$) under pH 9.1 at 9$0^{\circ}C$ for 6 h. The effect of reaction conditions (temperature, time, pH) on the conversion of $\alpha$-tricalcium phosphate to hydroxyapatite was examined. In addition, the hydroryapatite was characterized in terms of microstructure, composition and thermal stability using XRD, SEM, ICP, and TGA instruments.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.24-32
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• 2007

지금까지 센서노드에 TCP/IP를 운용하는 것은 과도한 시스템 자원을 요구하기 때문에 부적절한 선택이라고 생각해 왔다. 그러나, 최소한의 기능만을 가진 TCP/IP를 센서 노드에 적용하여도 센서노드가 동작할 수 있으므로 센서 네트워크에 IP 기술을 접목시키려는 연구가 진행되고 있고, 이에 대한 표준 기술의 필요성이 대두되게 되었다. IETF 6LoWPAN WG는 L2 Layer에 IEEE 802.15.4를 기반으로 하는 센서 네트워크에 IPv6를 지원하기 위한 이슈를 다루는 그룹으로서 저전력, $20{\sim}250kbps$의 데이터 전송률, $900{\sim}2400MHz$의 주파수 대역에서 최소형 메모리와 최소형 프로세서만을 장착한 센서 응용을 대상으로 하고 있다. 이 그룹은 국제 표준화 기구 중 대표적으로 IP 기반의 센서 네트워크에 대한 표준 기술을 다루고 있는 그룹으로서, 우리나라에서 6LoWPAN 기술은 USN 기술에 IP를 도입한 IP-USN이라는 개념으로 소개되어 연구개발되고 있다. 본 고에서는 6LoWPAN WG에서 개발한 표준 기술을 소개하고, 향후 WG의 표준화 방향에 대하여 살펴본다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.484-485
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• 2006

The process of coprecipitation of biocomposite hydroxyapatite/chitosan from aqueous solution at low temperature in alkali environnement was examined. We have shown that initially we have the formation of amorphous octocalcium phosphates $(Ca_8(HPO_4)(PO_4)_5,\;nH_2O:\;OCP)$ and the transferring from OCP to amorphous calcium phosphate $(Ca_9(PO_4)_3,\;nH_2O:\;TCP)$, and then from TCP to calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite $(Ca_{10-X}\;(HPO_4)_X(PO_4)_{6-x}(OH)_{2-X}\;:\;ACP)$ and hydroxyapatite $(Ca_{10}(PO_4)_6(OH)_2\;:\;HAP)$. The transformation of ACP to HAP was inhibited in the presence of chitosan. The result suggests that there is an affinity binding between ACP and chitosan and subsequently blocking the active growth site of ACP.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.7-17
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• 2004

It requires that user have to verify and conform with user authentication Protocol on non-meet face to face internet services offered by mobile terminal which user make known user's own intention, and user be using the normal. It is more operation time authentication protocol than Access control Protocol. That is what need to be user authentication protocol have verified security. non-reputation, and improved high-performance in operation time for mobile terminal. In order to solve the above demand, in this paper, we would design for mobile terminal of TCP User Authentication ECC Algorithm Protocol with a performance test. Algorithm has 160 bit key and designed IPv4 & IPv6 frame architecture. We should conclude that the proposed protocol have more verified security, non-reputation, confidentiality, and improved high-performance in operation time of mobile terminal from 1 to 17 times than before.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.383-387
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• 1994

Six heifers each of $F_1$, $F_2$, $F_3$, $F_4$ H. Friesian $\times$ Sahjwal halfbreds and pure Sahiwal with overall average initial age and live weight of $315.6{\pm}134.8 days$ and $143.8{\pm}48.5kg$, respectively were used for this study. The under trial animals were fed according to N.R.C. (1978). The overall average age at maturity, first conception and first calving was $563.8{\pm}116.8$, $675.8{\pm}135.6$ and $956.8{\pm}149.8days$ with live weights as $302.2{\pm}58.6$, $342.6{\pm}41.5$ and $433.9{\pm}38.1kg$, respectively. The overall 305 days and total milk yield for 1st lactation was $2,729.0{\pm}669.3$ and $2,992.7{\pm}377.5litre$ while the FCM (at 4%) was $2,934.2{\pm}410.8litre$. The lactation length was $336.6{\pm}69.6days$. The fat and solids not fat contents were $4.5{\pm}0.2$ and $8.2{\pm}0.3percent$, respectively. The milk production in Sahiwal cows was significantly lower than crossbred cows. The services per conception were $2.5{\pm}1.3$. The overall per head per day consumption of DM, TCP and ME was $10.9{\pm}1.2kg$, $1,399{\pm}199gm$ and $22.6{\pm}2.4 M.Cal.$, respectively. The overall milk producing efficiency for the production of one litre of FCM was $1.12{\pm}0.15kg$ of DM, $142.2{\pm}17.76gm$ of TCP and $2.31{\pm}0.27M.Cal.$ of energy while the feeding cost was Rs. $1.46{\pm}0.22$ per litre of FCM produced. The feeding cost per litre FCM was significantly higher in Sahiwal and $F_2$ than in other genetic groups.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.5.2-5.2
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• 2010

인체 경조직인 뼈와 치아는 콜라겐 단백질과 인산칼슘 무기질 성분으로 구성된 최적의 복합체라 볼 수 있다. 이러한 인산칼슘 무기질 성분은 결정학적, 화학적으로 hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2)와 거의 유사하여 높은 생체활성과 골전도성을 보이는 것으로 알려져 있다. 또한, hydroxyapatite의 고온 분해 산물로 볼 수 있는 tricalcuim phosphate(TCP, Ca3(PO4)2)는 체내에 이식시 체액에 용해되어 신생골을 유도하는 생체흡수성 세라믹스로 알려져있다. 이러한 HA와 TCP는 우수한 생체친화성에도 불구하고 기계적 특성이 낮아, non-load bearing 부위에 적용이 되어 다공질의 골수복재 용도로 활용되거나, load-bearing부위의 적용을 위한 금속 implant 등의 생체친화성 보완을 위한 표면 코팅재로 사용되고 있는 실정이다. 본 발표에서는 생체특성이 매우 우수한 인산칼슘 생체세라믹스의 load-bearing part 적용을 위하여 강도 및 파괴인성의 기계적 특성을 증진시킨 사례를 살펴보고, non-load bearing part에 실제 사용되는 인산칼슘 생체세라믹스의 다공질(porous) 골수복재(bone graft)의 역학 특성 증진을 위한 아이디어와 함께, 역학 특성이 매우 뛰어난 지르코니아 생체세라믹스의 강화-소결법에 대하여 소개하고자 한다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.4052-4058
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• 2012

The composite photocatalyst, N-$TiO_2$ loaded with $Ni_2O_3$, was prepared by $N_2$ plasma treatment. X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, $N_2$ adsorption, UV-vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the prepared $TiO_2$ samples. The results indicated that the band gap energy was decreased obviously by nitrogen doping, whereas loading of $Ni_2O_3$ did not influence the band gap and visible light absorption. The photocatalytic activities were tested in the degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) under visible light. The photocatalytic activity and stability of composite photocatalyst were much higher than that of catalyst modified with nitrogen or $Ni_2O_3$ alone. The synergistic effect of doping nitrogen and $Ni_2O_3$ over $TiO_2$ was investigated.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2006

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the histologic results of bone cavities that were surgically created in the calvaria of rabbit and filled with $HA/{\beta}-TCP$ composite powders, which had been developed in Korea (Dentium, Korea). Ten young adult rabbits were used. Four defects were surgically produced in calvaria of each rabbit. Each rabbit was anesthetized with Ketamine-HCI (5 mg/kg, Yuhan Cor. Korea) and Xylazine-HCI (1.5 ml/kg, Yuhan Cor. Korea)). An incision was made to the bony cranium and the periosteum was reflected. Using a trephine bur (external diameter: 8 mm, 3i, USA), 4 'through-and-through' bone defects were created with copious irrigation, and classified into 4 groups: control group: no graft materials, experimental group I: normal saline + graft materials: experimental group II: venous blood + graft materials: experimental group III: graft materials only. The defects were randomly filled with graft materials. The defects were closed with resorbable suture material. At the end of the surgical procedure, all animals received a single intramuscular injection of antibiotics Gentamicin (0.1 mg/kg, Dae Sung Microb. Korea). Rabbits were sacrificed with phentobarbital (100 mg/kg) intravenously at 1-, 2-, 4-, 6- and 8-week after. Specimens were treated with hydrochloric acid decalcifying solution (Fisher Scientific, Tustin, CA) and sectioned by bisecting the 8 mm diameter defects. The histologic specimens were prepared in the general method with H & E staining at 6 ${\mu}m$ in thickness. The results were as follows; 1. New bone formation showed from after 2-week of surgery in defect area. As time lapsed, lots of new bone formation and mature bones showed. 2. Histologically, degree of new bone formation could not be discerned among the experimental groups. But, for experimental group II, lots of cells gathered around graft materials after 1-week of surgery, new bone formed slightly faster and than the others at 1-week after. For experimental group I, a few inflammatory finding showed around graft material at after 1-week and after 2-week of surgery. 3. No bone formation did show for control group. Based on histologic results, the new $HA/{\beta}-TCP$ composite powders appeared to act as a scaffolding material for regeneration of osseous defects.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bone regeneration capacity of silk fibroin (SF) when combined with beta tricalcium phosphate (${\beta}$-tricalcium phosphate [TCP]) and rh-bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in vivo by micro-computed tomography (CT), soft x-ray, and histological analysis. Methods: A total of 56 critical size defects formed by a trephine bur made on 28 adult female Spague-Dawley rats were used for this study and the defect size was 5.0 mm in diameter. The defects were transplanted with (1) no graft material (raw defect), (2) autogenous bone, (3) SF ($10{\mu}g$), (4) SF-BMP ($10{\mu}g$, $0.8{\mu}g$ each), and (5) SF+${\beta}$-TCP ($10{\mu}g$). At 4 and 8 weeks after operation, the experimental animals were sacrificed. Samples were evaluated with soft x-ray, histological examinations and 3-dimensional micro-CT analysis. Results: In the 3-dimensional micro-CT evaluation, bone volume and bone surface data were higher in the SF-BMP ($12.8{\pm}1.5$, $138.6{\pm}45.0$ each) (P<0.05) and SF-TCP ($12.3{\pm}1.5$, $144.9{\pm}30.9$ each) group than in the SF group ($6.1{\pm}3.3$, $77.2{\pm}37.3$ each) (P<0.05), except for the autogenous group ($15.0{\pm}3.0$, $190.7{\pm}41.4$ each) at 4 weeks. At 8 weeks, SF-BMP ($16.8{\pm}3.5$, $173.9{\pm}34.2$ each) still revealed higher (P<0.05) bone volum and surface, but SF-TCP ($11.3{\pm}1.5$, $1132.9{\pm}52.1$ each) (P=0.5, P=0.2) revealed the same or lower amount compared with the SF group ($13.8{\pm}2.7$, $127.5{\pm}44.8$ each). The % of bone area determined by radiodensity was higher in the SF-TCP ($31.4{\pm}9.1%$) and SF-BMP ($36.2{\pm}16.2%$) groups than in the SF ($19.0{\pm}10.4$) group at the period of 4 weeks. Also, in the histological evaluation, the SF-BMP group revealed lower inflammation reaction, lower foreign body reaction and higher bone healing than the SF group at postoperative 4 weeks and 8 weeks. The SF-TCP group revealed lower inflammation at 4 weeks, but accordingly, as the TCP membrane was absorbed, inflammatory and foreign body reaction are increased at 8 weeks. Conclusion: The current study provides evidence that the silk fibrin can be used as an effective grafted material for tissue engineering bone generation through a combination of growth factor or surface treatment.