• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.1007-1010
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• 2006

This study investigates the spatial structure of the total cloud liquid water content Q fields over the Northwest Pacific Ocean during winter monsoon. The distributions of Q have been estimated from the brightness temperatures of the ocean - atmosphere system $T_B(f)$, where f is frequency, measured by AQUA AMSR-E in January -March 2003. Marine strati (St) and stratocumuli (Sc) are typical for winter monsoon season. They were analysed using mainly high-frequency channel at f = 36.5 GHz, vertical polarisation. $T_B$ data were accompanied by the data on near surface wind speed, air temperature and humidity from the nearest meteorological stations. Tow one-dimensional spectra were computed for downwind and crosswind sections of Q fields. The AMSR-E antenna field of view (14-8 km) and the cloud field sizes (100-1000 km) restricted the spatial scales. The results of case study Jan 31 2003 are presented. Scale-invariant spectrum is typical. In the cases of extended St levels a spectral slope equals about -1.7, conforming to classical -5/3 of turbulence theory. For Sc cases the absolute magnitude of spectral slope is rather higher, as a rule. The value is about -2. In the case when cloud streets are presented, a strait line form of spectrum is less reliable with a slope being rather lower (about -1.4).

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.34-43
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to acquire a general and text-based awareness and recognition of cruise food hygiene through big data analytics. For the purpose, this study collected data with conducting the keyword "food hygiene, cruise" on the web pages and news on Google, during October 1st, 2015 to October 1st, 2017 (two years). The data collection was processed by SCTM which is a data collecting and processing program and eventually, 899 kb, approximately 20,000 words were collected. For the data analysis, UCINET 6.0 packaged with visualization tool-Netdraw was utilized. As a result of the data analysis, the words such as jobs, news, showed the high frequency while the results of centrality (Freeman's degree centrality and Eigenvector centrality) and proximity indicated the distinct rank with the frequency. Meanwhile, as for the result of CONCOR analysis, 4 segmentations were created as "food hygiene group", "person group", "location related group" and "brand group". The diagnosis of this study for the food hygiene in cruise industry through big data is expected to provide instrumental implications both for academia research and empirical application.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2006

A Principal component analysis (PCA)-based Mel-Frequency Discrete Wavelet Coefficients (MFDWC) feature Parameters for speaker verification system is Presented in this Paper In this method, we used the 1st-eigenvector obtained from PCA to calculate the energy of each node of level that was approximated by. met-scale. This eigenvector satisfies the constraint of general weighting function that the squared sum of each component of weighting function is unity and is considered to represent speaker's characteristic closely because the 1st-eigenvector of each speaker is fairly different from the others. For verification. we used Universal Background Model (UBM) approach that compares claimed speaker s model with UBM on frame-level. We performed experiments to test the effectiveness of PCA-based parameter and found that our Proposed Parameters could obtain improved average Performance of $0.80\%$compared to MFCC. $5.14\%$ to LPCC and 6.69 to existing MFDWC.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.2203-2208
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• 2011

This study was to examine the change of vowel acoustic characteristics of the temporomandibular joint disorder patients by maintaining normal vocalization pattern of the temporomandibular joint through increasing the range of motion, that was, the oral cavity sonorant cavity of the temporomandibular joint, related to vowel articulation through temporomandibular training using the physical therapy. The subjects of this study were 3 male adults in 20-30s that were diagnosed with temporomandibular joint disorder. As a result of conducting temporomandibular training program using the physical therapy, the $1^{st}$ Formant Frequency(F1), $2^{nd}$ Formant Frequency(F2), and Fundamental Frequency(F0) of the temporomandibular joint disorder patients were increased compared to before and this showed the change of the $1^{st}$ Formant Frequency(F1) related to the open mouth grade of a vowel, as well as the $2^{nd}$ Formant Frequency(F2), and Fundamental Frequency(F0) related to the front-back of a vowel which shows the relationship between the temporomandibular joint, vowels and voice calculation.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.209-217
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• 2004

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of applying times and dilution rates of cattle slurry on dry matter yields of orchard grass. Cattle slurry was applied at the rates of average mineral nitrogen fertilizer equivalent to 150 kg/ha/year in 3 cutting frequency. Significantly higher dry matter yields than that of no fertilization (3.04 ton DM/ha) were recorded in the application of diluted cattle slurry(5.38~6.25 ton DM/ha) (p<0.05). Especially, this tendency was shown with higher annual dry matter yields at the partitioned dressing times, such as at the applications for 1st and 2nd growth, 1st and 3rd growth, and 1st, 2nd and 3rd growth respectively. The yields of annual dry matter both at fertilizing phosphorus and potassium, and phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen were higher than no fertilization as 5.41 tons and 8.78 tons per ha respectively. However, with application of diluted cattle slurry, dry matter yield par year (5.84 ton DM/ha) was higher than those of fertilizing phosphorus and potassium. The efficiencies of dry matter production with mineral and cattle slurry nitrogen application (kg DM/kg N) were 225 and 15.8~18.7 kg DM/kg N respectively. Especially, these tendencies were higher in diluted application plots than in no-diluted application plots of cattle slurry.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to estimate the quality if New Town housing environment, and to present the direction of design policy to elevate it. For this study questionnaires were administrated to 272 homemakers living in apartment in Bundang. From 1st of May to 31st of May in 1995. Used statistical method was Frequency. Percentage. Mean, Factor Analysis, Correlation, Multiple Regression. The major finding is as follows : 1) Housing values were classified into five types : convenience, beauty, sociality, education, and economy, Resident ranked first economy among housing values the second is convenience, the third beauty, the forth education, while the most unimportant value is sociality. 2) House satisfaction was classified into four types : house size and plane structure, environment and facilities, interior decoration materials and facilities and building design. Residents were found to show the middle degree satisfaction on their house. 3) Housing complex satisfaction was ciassified four types : community facilities, management stage, neighborhood connection and complex facilities. Resident showed dissatisfaction on their apartment complex relatively. 4) Residents showed dissatisfaction on the interior decoration materials and facilities, local facilities and management attitude relatively.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2006

Objectives : This paper aims to report the clinical effectiveness of acupuncture & herbal treatment on ptosis, which has no way to be treated but the operative method like a tarsectomy. Methods : This study was carried out, from February 2003 to December 2003, to the twenty patients who were diagnosed as an acquired ptosis and treated by acupuncture and herbal treatment in the department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Daejon University Oriental Hospital. The selected acupoints were hasamhwang(下三黃) in normal side, BL 2, BL 60(崑崙), BL 66(通谷), ST 41(解谿), ST 44(內處), LI 4(合谷), LI 5(陽谿), guhu(球後), emi(魚尾) in abnormal side. The method of acupuncture insertion for each point was neutral(平補平瀉). The treatment frequency was once a day. And all patients were administered the Bojungikkitanggamibang(補中益氣揚加味方), which is known to be able to rise up the Gi of spleen(脾氣). Result & Suggestion : The treatment result showed that excellent was 95%(19) and poor was 5%(1). Through this result, we can know that oriental medical treatment for ptosis is effective. But continuous study about oriental medical treatment for ptosis is needed hereafter.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.64 no.11
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• pp.1605-1610
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• 2015

This study describes a new method to analyze phonocardiogram acquired from electronic stethoscope. The method uses the formant frequencies of linear prediction spectrum of the phonocardiogram and proposes a novel method for formant detection using the smoothing and the first and second derivatives. For this, stethoscope sounds are acquired in university hospital. The stethoscope signals are preprocessed and analyzed by the Burg algorithm, a kind of linear prediction analysis. Based on the linear prediction spectra, the formant frequencies are estimated. The proposed method has shown better performance in formant frequency detection than the conventional peak picking method.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2010

Nowadays, medically compromised patients who could not receive dental treatments in the past are able to go through minor oral surgeries with adequate preoperative measures. Thorough understanding of the systemic disease and its complications is needed as well as the management them. Frequent complications of surgical procedures are bleeding, infection, delayed healing, systemic reactions by stress and they can be aggravated due to the patients' systemic conditions. Therefore, understanding of the systemic disease of patient visiting dental office and treatment modification according to the systemic status is needed. Also consultation to the medical doctor is imperative, through which perioperative risk and complications can be reduced. Among the high frequency complications of dental treatment of medically compromised patients, bleeding, infection, delayed healing, systemic reactions by stress will be discussed with the management of each one.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.923-930
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• 2012

The wall heat transfer of backward-facing step laminar flows with different Prandtl numbers and a pulsating inlet is investigated by unsteady simulations. The inlet is perturbed by the variation of frequency and amplitude. Temperature-dependent transport properties are adopted. Various characteristics of the wall heat transfer are explained by the variation of the thermal boundary layer. For Pr < 1, the wall heat transfer of temperature-dependent properties is decreased compared to that of constant properties, whereas it increases for Pr < 1. In addition, the wall heat transfer increases depending on the pulsating amplitude. However, the results of frequency variation for St < 0.2 show that the heat transfer is strongly enhanced at a specific frequency. In particular, the increase in the wall heat transfer is strongly related to the root mean square of the fluctuations of the reattachment length.