• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.758-767
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• 2014

In this study, we selected an Escherichia coli strain (E. coli MG 1655) metabolizing arabinose derived from acid hydrolyzed black liquor as a carbon source and investigated effect of organic acids (acetic acid, formic acid, and lactic acid) presented in black liquor on growth of the E. coli MG 1655. We measured growth of E. coli MG 1655 under various concentration of each and combined three kinds of organic acids. The E. coli MG 1655 shows tolerance to acetic acid, lactic acid and formic acid at these concentrations ($1.0g/{\ell}$ acetic acid, $1.2g/{\ell}$ lactic acid and $0.8g/{\ell}$ formic acid, respectively), but displays some growth retardation over $1.5g/{\ell}$ acetic acid, lactic acid $2.0g/{\ell}$, and formic acid $1.2g/{\ell}$, respectively. In addition, formic acid was shown to be a critical factor affecting growth of the E. coli MG 1655 in the presence of three kinds of organic acids. These results indicate that the inhibitors should be removed at least $1.0g/{\ell}$ of acetic acid, $1.2g/{\ell}$ of lactic acid, $0.8g/{\ell}$ of formic acid for normal cell growth required for high yield fermentation. In addition, there is a need to construct recombinant strains that may be resistant to the same or higher organic acids concentration (> $1.2g/{\ell}$) in the growth.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.3
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• pp.249-254
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the dose-dependent effect of jasmonic acid on both the adventitious root growth and the accumulation of various eleutherosides in the Eleutherococcus senticosus bioreactor culture. The highest biomass production (4.6 g DW/L) was observed in the absence of jasmonic acid and the root growth was significantly decreased by increasing the jasmonic acid concentration. However, jasmonic acid stimulated the production of both eleutheroside B, E and $E_1$. The highest level of eleutheroside B and E ($476.3{\mu}g/g\;DW$ and $676.0{\mu}g/g\;DW$) was obtained by 0.5 mg/L jasmonic acid treatment, while eleutheroside $E_1$ was accumulated at the highest level by 0.01 mg/L jasmonic acid treatment. The highest content of total eleutheroside was $2468.6{\mu}g/L$ when 0.01 mg/L jasmonic acid was applied. In addition, when the adventitious roots were cultured with 0.01 mg/L jasmonic acid, the highest levels of eleutheroside B, E and $E_1$ were observed at the 6th, 8th and 4th day of culture, respectively.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.187-194
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• 2017

In this study, marble that consist mainly of calcite were used for applicability evaluation after treated with consolidant such as alkoxysilane series of 0.8T0.2E1G_3wt0.08% and 1T1G_7wt0.08%. The position and intensity of X-ray diffraction peaks are no change and increasing trend after treated with two consolidants. The results of scanning electron microscopic analysis, morphology of rope type and homogeneous surface of platy or leaflike form observed on the marble after treated with 0.8T0.2E1G_3wt0.08% and 1T1G_7wt0.08%, respectively. Brightness of surface after treated with consolidant are changing slightly dark. Shore hardness and ultrasonic velocity values show increasing after treated on the marble surface with two consolidants.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2006

The influence of different doses of jasmonic acid on both biomass of adventitious roots and accumulation of secondary metabolite in bioreactor cultures of Eleutherococcus koreanum was studied. The maximum growth (2.9 g Dry Weight/L) of adventitious roots was observed in the absence of jasmonic acid. The biomass of adventitious roots decreased with the increase in jasmonic acid dosage. High level of jasmonic acid efficiently stimulated the production of both eleutheroside B and E. The highest eleutheroside B ($49.0{\mu}g/g\;DW$) was observed at 0.4 mg/L jasmonic acid. Jasmonic acid at 0.2 mg/L led to the maximum accumulation of eleutheroside E ($64.7{\mu}g/g\;DW$). Whereas eleutheroside $E_1$ was maximally $19.0{\mu}g/g\;DW$ accumulated in the absence of jasmonic acid, the total eleutheroside ($259.9{\mu}g/L$) was the highest when 0.01 mg/L jasmonic acid was treated. In this study, the level of eleutheroside B decreased whereas the maximum levels of eleutheroside E and eleutheroside $E_1$ were observed at 10th and 4th day after jasmonic acid treatment.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2005

The purpose of the present paper is to introduce a new concept of the E($^*{\kappa}$)-connection ${\Gamma}^{\nu}_{{\lambda}{\mu}}$, which is both Einstein and ($^*{\kappa}$)-connection, and to obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of the unique E($^*{\kappa}$)-connection in $n-^*g$-UFT. Next, under this condition, we shall obtain a surveyable tensorial representation of the unique E($^*{\kappa}$)-connection in $n-^*g$-UFT.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.39 no.1_2
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• pp.13-29
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• 2021

For a graph G = (V, E), a vertex coloring (or, simply, a coloring) of G is a function C : V (G) → {1, 2, …, k} (using the non-negative integers {1, 2, …, k} as colors). We say that a coloring of a graph G is injective if for every vertex v ∈ V (G), all the neighbors of v are assigned with distinct colors. The injective chromatic number χi(G) of a graph G is the least k such that there is an injective k-coloring [6]. In this paper, we study a natural variation of the injective coloring problem: coloring the edges of a graph under the same constraints (alternatively, to investigate the injective chromatic number of line graphs), we define the k- injective edge coloring of a graph G as a mapping C : E(G) → {1, 2, …, k}, such that for every edge e ∈ E(G), all the neighbors edges of e are assigned with distinct colors. The injective chromatic index χ′in(G) of G is the least positive integer k such that G has k- injective edge coloring, exact values of the injective chromatic index of different families of graphs are obtained, some related results and bounds are established. Finally, we define the injective clique number ωin and state a conjecture, that, for any graph G, ωin ≤ χ′in(G) ≤ ωin + 2.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2009

Cockroaches have been recognized as a major cause of asthma. Bla g 4 is one of the most important German cockroach allergens. The aim of this study is to investigate IgE reactivity to the recombinant Bla g 4 (rBla g 4) in the sera of allergic patients and identify linear IgE binding epitope. For protein expression, full-length Bla g 4 (EF202172) was divided into 5 overlapping peptide fragments (E1: aa 1-100, E2: aa 34-77, E3: aa 74-117, E4: aa 114-156, and E5: aa 153-182). The full-length and 5 peptide fragments of Bla g 4 was generated by PCR and over-expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The IgE binding reactivities of the full-length and peptide fragments were measured by ELISA using 32 serum samples of cockroach allergy. The sera of 8 patients (25%) reacted with rBla g 4. Four sera (100%) showed IgE-binding reactivity to full-length and peptide fragment 4, and 2 sera (50%) reacted with peptide fragment 2. One (20%) serum reacted with peptide fragment 3. The results of ELISA using overlapping recombinant fragments indicated that the epitope region was located at amino acid sequences 34-73 and 78-113, and major IgE epitope of Bla g 4 was located at amino acid sequences 118-152 of C-terminal. B-cell epitope analysis of German cockroach allergen Bla g 4 could contribute to the strategic development of more specific and potentially efficacious immunotherapy.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2014

Channelopathies are a heterogeneous group of disorders resulting from the dysfunction of ion channels located in the membranes of all cells and many cellular organelles. These include diseases of the nervous system (e.g., generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus, familial hemiplegic migraine, episodic ataxia, and hyperkalemic and hypokalemic periodic paralysis), the cardiovascular system (e.g., long QT syndrome, short QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia), the respiratory system (e.g., cystic fibrosis), the endocrine system (e.g., neonatal diabetes mellitus, familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, thyrotoxic hypokalemic periodic paralysis, and familial hyperaldosteronism), the urinary system (e.g., Bartter syndrome, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease, and hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia), and the immune system (e.g., myasthenia gravis, neuromyelitis optica, Isaac syndrome, and anti-NMDA [N-methyl-D-aspartate] receptor encephalitis). The field of channelopathies is expanding rapidly, as is the utility of molecular-genetic and electrophysiological studies. This review provides a brief overview and update of channelopathies, with a focus on recent advances in the pathophysiological mechanisms that may help clinicians better understand, diagnose, and develop treatments for these diseases.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 2021

This study examined the association between hypertension (HTN), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) in Korean adults. Data for 8,922 adults (3,941 men and 4,981 women) aged ≥20 years from the Sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI (2013~2014) were analyzed. In men, after adjusting for the related variables, the odds ratios (ORs) of HTN [systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg, or use of HTN medications] were significantly higher in the decreased eGFR group [eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 ㎡, 1.98 (95% CI, 1.21~3.24)], elevated ACR group [ACR ≥30 mg/g, 2.03 (95% CI, 1.54~2.69)], and decreased eGFR plus elevated ACR group [eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 ㎡ and ACR ≥30 mg/g, 6.03 (95% CI, 2.82~12.92)] than in the normal group (eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 ㎡ and ACR <30 mg/g). In women, after adjusting for the related variables, the ORs of HTN were significantly higher in the decreased eGFR group (2.29, 95% CI, 1.27~4.13), elevated ACR group (2.22, 95% CI, 1.68~2.94), and decreased eGFR plus elevated ACR group (10.77, 95% CI, 3.89~29.82) than the normal group. In conclusion, HTN was associated with a decreased eGFR and elevated ACR in Korean men and women. In addition, the prevalence of HTN increased greatly when a decreased eGFR and elevated ACR occurred simultaneously.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.107-113
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• 1995

Basement membrane laminin is a multidomain glycoprotein that interacts with itself, heparin and cells. The distal long arm plays major cell and heparin interactive roles. The long arm consists of three subunits (A, B1, B2) joined in a coiled-coil rod attached to a terminal A chain globule (G). The globule is in turn subdivided into five subdomains (Gl-5). In order to analyze the functions of this region, recombinant G domains (rG, rAiG, rG5, rGΔ2980-3028) were expressed in Sf9 insect cells using a baculovirus expression vector. A hybrid molecule (B-rAiG), consisting of recombinant A chain(rAiG) and the authentic B chains (E8-B)was assembled in vitro. The intercalation of rAiG into E8-B chains suppressed a heparin binding activity identified in subdomain Gl-2. By the peptide napping and ligand blotting, the relative affinity of each subeomain to heparin was assigned as Gl> G2= G4> G5> G3, such that G1 bound strongly and G3 not at all. The active heparin binding site of G domain in intact laminin appears to be located in G4 and proximal G5. Cell binding was examined using fibrosarcoma Cells. Cells adhered to E8, B-rAiG, rAiG and rG, did not bind on denatured substrates, poorly bound to the mixture of E8-B and rG. Anti-${\alpha}$6 and anti-${\beta}$1 integrin subunit separately blocked cell adhesion on E8 and B-rAiG, but not on rAiG. Heparin inhibited cell adhesion on rAiG, partially on B-rAiG, and not on E8. In conclusion, 1) There are active and cryptic cell and heparin binding activities in G domain. 2) Triple-helix assembly inactivates cell and heparin binding activities and restores u6131 dependent cell binding activities.