• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2008

Objective : To analyze the relationship of concomitant foraminallumbar disc herniation (FLDH) with postoperative leg pain after microdecompression for extraforaminallumbar disc herniation (EFLDH) at the L5-S1 level. Methods : Sixty-five patients who underwent microdecompression for symptomatic EFLDH at the L5-S1 level were enrolled, According to the severity of accompanying FLDH, EFLDH was classified into four categories (Class I : no FLDH; Class II : mild to moderate FLDH confined within a lateral foraminal zone; Class III : severe FLDH extending to a medial foraminal zone; Class IV : Class III with intracanalicular disc herniation). The incidence of postoperative leg pain, dysesthesia, analgesic medication, epidural block, and requirement for revision surgery due to leg pain were evaluated and compared at three months after initial surgery. Results : The incidences of postoperative leg pain and dysesthesia were 36.9% and 26.1%, respectively. Pain medication and epidural block was performed on 40% and 41.5%, respectively, Revision surgery was recommended in six patients (9.2%) due to persistent leg pain, The incidences of leg pain, dysesthesia, and requirement for epidural block were higher in Class III/IV, compared with Class I/II. The incidence of requirement for analgesic medication was significantly higher in Class III/IV, compared with Class I/II (p=0,02, odds ratio=9,82). All patients who required revision surgery due to persistent leg pain were included in Class III/IV. Conclusion : Concomitant FLDH seems related to postoperative residual leg pain after microdecompression for EFLDH at the L5-S1 level.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2000

This study was aimed to proliferate Gentiana axillariflora Leveille which is one of the important medicinal and ornamental plants, by establishment of multiple shoot formation and embryogenesis through tissue culture technique. Callus was formed on MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium supplemented with 2,4-D, CPA, but not formed with BAP. The addition of 2,4-D 2 mg/ l into the medium was effective for callus formation and the rate of callus formation was about 90%. Somatic embryos were obtained on MS medium for two months. When callus was cultured on MS medium with combination treatment of 2,4-D 0.5 mg/ l and BAP 0.5 mg/ l, the number of embryo formed was better than that of other single or combination treatments and the total numbers of embryo a were 18.8 (number of total embryo/number of explants incubated = 753/40) at mean. Callus induction from stem and node explants was increased by addition of TDZ 2 mg/ l in the presence of 2,4-D 2 mg/ l, respectively. The best result about the differentiation of shoots was obtained on MS medium added BAP 2 mg/ l from node culture. Multiple shoots from shoot apex were induced on MS medium containing BAP 1 mg/ I and TDZ 1 mg/ l , BAP 2 mg/ l and TDZ 1 mg/ l. The number of multiple shoots per one explant was above seventy plants. It was the most effective regeneration system for rapid multiplication of Gentiana axillariflora Leveille.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2005

A taxonomic review of the genus Leiognathus was made based on specimens collected from the coast of Korea from 1997 to 2004. The genus Leiognathus in Korea includes 6 species: Leiognathus elongatus, L. fasciatus, L. lineolatus, L. nuchalis, L. rivulatus, and L. bindus. Leiognathus bindus is reported for the first time in Korea. It is characterized by having bright orange spots between the 2nd and 5th spines of the dorsal fin. Detailed morphological measurements and counts and a key to species of Leiognathus from Korea are provided.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.185-188
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• 2001

This experiments were carrid out to examine the effects of liquid medium addition in same vessels on shoot elongation and rooting, and soil survival of plantlets after the shoot cluster sections of Spathiphyllum floribundum 'Cupid' were pre-cultured. The shoot clusters with 3 to 4 small shoots were proliferated on LS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BA for 8 weeks, and then 15 mL of various kinds of liquid medium was added in the same vessels. The addition of 15 mL liquid medium containing l/2 MS macro elements, 50 g/L sucrose and 5.0∼10.0 g/L activated charcoal was significantly stimulated the elongation and rooting of proliferated shoots. The medium addition was resulted in the enhanced soil survival of plantlets.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.95-99
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• 2003

The leaf segments of garlic (Allium sativum L.) were cultured in vitro and determined optimal concentration of plant growth regulators and sugars for callus induction, multiple shoots regeneration and in vitro bulblet formation. Highest yield of callus was observed in the leaf segment culture on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D, 30 g/L sucrose and 8 g/L agar. Regeneration rate of multiple shoots from callus was high in the MS medium supplemented with kinetin 3.0 + NAA 3.0 mg/L or SA 1.0 + NAA 3.0 mg/L, containing 30 g/L sucrose. High rate of bulblet formation was observed as the concentration of jasmonic acid increased from 0.5 to 2.0 mg/L in medium, whereas addition of gibberellic acid significantly suppressed bulblet formation. The rate of in vitro bulbing was as high as $96\%$ in MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L jasmonic acid and 120 g/l sucrose after two month culture at $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ under 16 hours day light.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.372-379
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• 2004

This study evaluated polymanuronates on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Polymannuronates increased glucose utilization and reduced the accumulation of triglycerides in the cells. The differentiation showed the same results as Oil red O staining. Also, the polymannuronates inhibited GPDH activity as a result of the restrained adipogenesis promotion process in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The addition of the differentiation promotion factor to 3T3-L1 promoted the differentiation of adipocytes and increased the expression of the leptin level. However the addition of polymannuronates inhibited differentiation of adipocytes and the leptin secretion level in cells by checking the leptin protein level in the culture media. As well as this, it also inhibited the transcriptional mechanism and leptin mRNA expression. These results suggest that the addition of polymannuronates improves the physiological function of 3T3-L1 cells by reducing the accumulation of triglyceride and GPDH activity, and the repressing expression of leptin at a molecular level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 1999

The effect of phytohormones, light and phosphate on in vitro production of ubiquinone 10 from the suspension cultures of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi callus was investigated. The inoculum size and cultured time in the suspension culture had to be at least over 2 % of medium volume at 15 days for the excellent growth of Xanthi callus. The growth of Xanthi callus in the suspension culture was improved by addition of NAA and 2,4-D, especially NAA 1.0mg/1 alone, at the light condition. The optimal concentration of phytohormone was 0.1 mg/l 2.4-D and 1.0 mg/l NAA for productivity of ubiquinone 10 in the suspenseion of Xanthi callus. Addition of 3mM KH$_2$PO$_4$ to the medium was more effective in promoting ubiquinone-l0 formation than other concentration in the light condition. Content and production of ubiquinone-l0 in the suspension cultures of Xanthi callus were the highest at the MS media containing 0.5mg/L kinetin, 0.5mg/L 2,4-D, 1.0mg/1 NAA, 3mM phosphate and 2 % inoculum in the light.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 2021

As part of our attempt to discover novel active compounds against multi-drug resistant pathogens, we hereby report two new complexes of iron(III) with formulae: [Fe(L₁)₂(H₂O)₂]Cl₃ and [Fe(L₁)₂(L₂)(H₂O)]Cl₂ where L₁ = 1,10-phenanthroline (C₁₂H₈N₂) and L₂ = guanide (C₅H₄N₅O^-). The synthesized complexes were characterized using spectroscopic analysis (ESI-MS, ICP-OES, FT-IR, and UV-Vis), cyclic voltammetry, CHN analysis, gravimetric chloride determination, melting point determination, and conductance measurement. Octahedral geometries are assigned to both complexes. In vitro antibacterial activity was tested on two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus epidermidis) and two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacteria using the disc diffusion method. The complexes demonstrated appreciable activity against these pathogens. Interestingly, the [Fe(L₁)₂(L₂)(H₂O)]Cl₂ complex manifested a higher degree of inhibition against the drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria than the commercially available drug, namely erythromycin.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.74-79
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• 1994

The characteristics of the type I and type II SHG in LiB305 crystals grown by TSSG method have been investigated using 1064 nm beam from a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The measured phase matching angles and angular acceptance bandwidths were $\theta_m=90^{\circ}, \phi_m=11.6^{\circ}$, <$\delta\theta_{int}L_{1/2}=3.3^{\circ}-cm^{1/2}, \theta\phi_{int}L=0.27^{\circ}-cm^{1/2}$ for type I SHG and $\theta_m=20^{\circ}, \phi_m=90^{\circ}$, TEX>$\delta\theta_{int}L_=0.65^{\circ}-cm, \theta\phi_{int}L^{1/2}=3.5^{\circ}-cm^{1/2}$ for type II SHG, respectively. Thp. type I NCPM temperature of 1064 nm beam was found to be $149^{\circ}C$ with the temperature bandwidth $\DeltaTL$of $4.8^{\circ}C-cm$. An energy conversion efficiency of about 1.8% with 2.6 mm thick LBO crystal at an incident power of TEX>$171 MW/\textrm{cm}^2$ was demonstrated. The measured $d_{32} was 0.74\pm0.05 pm/V$..

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.114-125
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• 2016

In this study, 165 wastewater discharge facilities in 10 business types were investigated with regard to 24 specific hazardous substances that included heavy metals, VOCs, CN, and phenol in the Gwangju city. Cu in the range from from 0.008 to 35.420 mg/L was detected in all business types and the detection rate was 46.8 %. Other heavy metals, such as Cd, As, Hg, Pb, and Cr⁺⁶ were detected as well. However, their detection rates ranged between 0.6 and 1.8 %. CN and phenol were detected in one and five facilities, respectively. 12 species of VOCs were detected: chloroform 80.6 % (0.42 to 81.60 μg/L), benzene 16.4 % (1.49 to 3.31 μg/L), trichloroethylene 11.5 % (1.78 to 6.02 μg/L), 1,1-dichloroethylene 10.3 % (1.23 to 5.89 μg/L), and dichloromethane 8.5 % (0.28 to 968.86 μg/L) in the detection rate order. The concentration of VOCs was detected in trace amounts, except for dichloromethane that exceeded the effluent quality standard in three business types, namely, metal manufacturing, food industry, and car washing facility. Chloroform was detected in all business types, where 24.88 μg/L were detected in the laundry business and 53.41 μg/L in the water supply business; the mean concentration of chloroform in these two business types was higher than elsewhere. Therefore, for the disposal of non-degradable specific hazardous substances in industrial wastewater, it is necessary to introduce physical and chemical processes, such as activated carbon adsorption, fenton oxidation, ozone treatment, as well as photocatalyst and the UV radiation.