• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.600-605
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• 2010

'Dagreen' (Scale cereal L.), a new rye variety was developed from the open pollination among 10 rye lines at the National Institute of Crop Science in 1995 and mass selection were made at National Institute of Crop Science from 1996 to 1999. Recurrent selections were made at Dept. Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA from 2000 to 2006. This new variety has erect plant type with medium size pale green leaves. The number of spike per $m^2$ was 713 and the plant height was 103cm. The heading date of 'Dagreen' was April 24 which was 7 days earlier than that of "Koolgrazer". It was adaptable for forage use at an early stage as a whole crop. Lodging resistance was higher than that of check variety 'Koolgrazer'. The chemical components and quality of forage showed 10.2 % crude protein, 36.6 % ADF, 62.4 % NDF and 59.9 % TDN. 'Dagreen' showed high resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust than those of check variety in the field condition. The average dry matter (7,010kg $ha^{-1}$) of 'Dagreen' harvested at April 28 were 6 % higher than 'Koolgrazer'. This variety is recommended for all of the rye cultivation area in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.600-605
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• 2011

'Boseogheugchal', a new black pericarp glutinous rice cultivar (Oriza sativa L.), was developed by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Suwon, Korea during the period from 1997 to 2008 and released in 2008. It was derived from a cross between SR18638-B-B-B-18-2/ Heugmi H31. The maturity of this cultivar is about 135 days from seedling to heading. This cultivar has about 12 tillers per hill and 94 spikelet numbers per panicle. Ripening ratio is about 72% and 1000 grain weight is 21.6 g in brown rice. This new variety shows grain shattering resistance and susceptible for blast, bacterial leaf blight and stripe virus. 'Boseogheugchal' has glutinous endosperm and low protein contents. It has higher anthocyanin content compared to black pigmented check cultivar 'Hegjinjubyeo'. The yield performance of brown rice was 4.82 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. 'Boseogheugchal' is adaptable to central plain area of Korea.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.190-199
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• 2019

$Carbopol^{(R)}$ 907 used as surface protecting agent in White's method is the one of the artificial caries lesion producing solution was discontinuing of production. New surface protecting material to substitute of $Carbopol^{(R)}$ 907 was required. The author prepared an artificial caries lesion producing solution as follows White's method with $Carbopol^{(R)}$ 907 and also another artificial caries lesion producing solution with $Carbopol^{(R)}$ $2050^{(R)}$. 96 flattened and polished enamel samples were immersed in a demineralizing solution of 0.1 mol/L lactic acid, 0.2% carboxyvinylpolymer and 50% saturated hydroxyapatite for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 15, 18 and 20 days. All samples from each group were subjected to polarized microscopy observed and image analysis for measuring the lesion depth. From the review of polarized images, the artificial caries lesion producing solution using $Carbopol^{(R)}$ 907 and $Carbopol^{(R)}$ 2050 can produced an artificial caries that was very similar to natural caries characters. From the regression analysis of the lesion depth produced by the artificial caries lesion producing solution using $Carbopol^{(R)}$ 907 and $Carbopol^{(R)}$ 2050, $Carbopol^{(R)}$ 2050 estimate as Y = 9.8X + 8.0 and $Carbopol^{(R)}$ 907 was Y = 8.4X - 0.4. R square value of $Carbopol^{(R)}$ 2050 and $Carbopol^{(R)}$ 907 was 0.965 and 0.945 respectively. The rate of demineralization by the artificial caries lesion producing solution using $Carbopol^{(R)}$ 2050 was faster than that of $Carbopol^{(R)}$ 907. And R square value of $Carbopol^{(R)}$ 2050 and $Carbopol^{(R)}$ 907 were very high and it means that the lesion depth was very high coefficient to demineralization period.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2022

As a cultivar of Korean wheat, 'Keumgang' wheat variety has a fast growth period and can be grown stably. Hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) has moderately high salt tolerance compared to tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.). However, the molecular mechanisms related to salt tolerance of hexaploid wheat have not been elucidated yet. In this study, the candidate genes related to salt tolerance were identified by investigating the genes that are differently expressed in Keumgang variety and examining salt tolerant mutation '2020-s1340.'. A total of 85,771,537 reads were obtained after quality filtering using NextSeq 500 Illumina sequencing technology. A total of 23,634,438 reads were aligned with the NCBI Campala Lr22a pseudomolecule v5 reference genome (Triticum aestivum). A total of 282 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the two Triticum aestivum materials. These DEGs have functions, including salt tolerance related traits such as 'wall-associated receptor kinase-like 8', 'cytochrome P450', '6-phosphofructokinase 2'. In addition, the identified DEGs were classified into three categories, including biological process, molecular function, cellular component using gene ontology analysis. These DEGs were enriched significantly for terms such as the 'copper ion transport', 'oxidation-reduction process', 'alternative oxidase activity'. These results, which were obtained using RNA-seq analysis, will improve our understanding of salt tolerance of wheat. Moreover, this study will be a useful resource for breeding wheat varieties with improved salt tolerance using molecular breeding technology.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.103-111
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• 2009

This study was carried out to determine effects of long-term supply of Cordyceps militaris mycelia on cordycepin content in milk in dairy cows. Ten Holstein cows in the early stages of lactation were divided into two groups. Control group received no supplement whereas treatment group received 6% of C. militaris mycelia of their dry matter intake for 6 months. Feed intake, milk urea nitrogen and somatic cell counts were not affected by long-term supply of C. militaris mycelia for the whole period. In addition, milk yield and milk composition were not affected by long-term supply of C. militaris mycelia at any time of the periods with the exception of milk protein content and yield. The average of milk protein content and yield from the whole period was higher for C. militaris mycelia supplement group than for the control group. As expected, cordycepin in whole blood and milk was not detected in the control group. The range of cordycepin content in the treatment was 0.31~0.38µ/ml and 0.18~0.26(µ/ml for whole blood and milk, respectively. Individual variation was found to be very high and, furthermore cordycepin was undetected in some milk samples. Thus, no clear pattern could be seen in cordycepin content in milk throughout the whole period. Overall, the results of the present study suggest that the transfer efficiency of cordycepin to milk by supplementing C. militaris mycelia in dairy cows was unpredictable and low.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.93-107
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• 1973

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an important vegetable crop for the Korean people and has long been cultivated extensively in Korea. More recently it has gained importance as a source of certain pharmaceuticals. This additional use has also contributed to the increasing demand for Korean garlic. Garlic has been propagated vegetatively for a long time without control measures against virus diseases. As a result it is presumed that most of the garlic varieties in Korea may have degenerated. The production of virus-free plants offers the most feasible way to control the virus diseases of garlic. However, little is known about garlic viruses both domestically and in foreign countries. More basic information regarding garlic viruses is needed before a sound approach to the control of these diseases can be developed. Currently garlic mosaic disease is most prevalent in plantings throughout Korea and is considered to be the most important disease of garlic in Korea. Because of this importance, studies were initiated to isolate and characterize the garlic mosaic virus. Symptom expression in test plants, physical properties, purification, serological reaction and morphological characteristics of the garlic mosaic virus were determined. Results of these studies are summarized as follows. 1. Surveys made throughout the important garlic growing areas in Korea during 1970-1972 revealed that most of the garlic plants were heavily infected with mosaic disease. 2. A strain of garlic mosaic virus was obtained from infected garlic leaves and transmitted mechanically to Chenopodium amaranticolor by single lesion isolation technique. 3. The symptom expression of this garlic mosaic virus isolate was examined on 26 species of test plants. Among these, Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quince, C. album and C. koreanse expressed chlorotic local lesions on inoculated leaves 11-12 days after mechanical inoculation with infective sap. The remaining 22 species showed no symptoms and no virus was recovered from them whet back-inoculated to C. amaranticolor. 4. Among the four species of Chtnopodium mentioned above, C. amaranticolor and C. quinoa appear to be the most suitable local lesion test plants for garlic mosaic virus. 5. Cloves and top·sets originating from mosaic infected garlic plants were $100\%$ infected with the same virus. Consequently the garlic mosaic virus is successively transmitted through infected cloves and top-sets. 6. Garlic mosaic virus was mechanically transmitted to C, amaranticolor when inoculations were made with infective sap of cloves and top-sets. 7. Physical properties of the garlic mosaic virus as determined by inoculation onto C. amaranticolor were as follows. Thermal inactivation point: $65-70^{\circ}C$, Dilution end poiut: $10^-2-10^-3$, Aging in vitro: 2 days. 8. Electron microscopic examination of the garlic mosaic virus revealed long rod shaped particles measuring 1200-1250mu. 9. Garlic mosaic virus was purified from leaf materials of C. amaranticolor by using two cycles of differential centrifugation followed by Sephadex gel filtration. 10. Garlic mosaic virus was successfully detected from infected garlic cloves and top-sets by a serological microprecipitin test. 11 Serological tests of 150 garlic cloves and 30 top-sets collected randomly from seperated plants throughout five different garlic growing regions in Korea revealed $100\%$ infection with garlic mosaic virus. Accordingly it is concluded that most of the garlic cloves and top-sets now being used for propagation in Korea are carriers of the garlic mosaic virus. 12. Serological studies revealed that the garlic mosaic virus is not related with potato viruses X, Y, S and M. 13. Because of the difficulty in securing mosaic virus-free garlic plants, direct inoculation with isolated virus to the garlic plants was not accomplished. Results of the present study, however, indicate that the virus isolate used here is the causal virus of the garlic mosaic disease in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.35-49
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• 1996

This study was conducted to see variation of vital sign of hot and cool bath according to time, a questionnair survey and measurement was carried out for 32 students(sophomore) of department of physical therapy Andong Junior College on the 27th of June, 1995. The result were as follows: The average systolic blood pressure(SBP) of stability for 32 college students who were measured was 105.3mmHg, the average diastolic blood pressure(DBP) was 67.3mmHg, the average pulse frequency(PF) was 70.7(frequency/min), the average respiratory frequency (RF) was 15.6 (frequency/min), and the body temperature(BT) was $36.6^{\circ}C$. As time went on, SBP for 32 students who were measured in hot bath according to stability, 3 min, 6 min, 9 min, and 12 min was decreased(105.15 mmHg, 104.69mmHg, 104.24 mmHg, 103.03 mmHg, and 96.69 mmHg)(P=0.3006). SBP was decreased in cool bath, too(105.15 mmHg, 103.33 mmHg, 103.33 mmHg, and 100.91 mmHg), but it at 12 min was a little higher(l03.09 mmHg)(P=0.7566). As time went on, DBP according to stability, 3 min, 6 min, 9 min, and 12 minutes was decreased in hot bath(66.82 mmHg, 65.45 mmHg, 64.54 mmHg, 63.03 mmHg, and 59.39 mmHg)(P=0.0906). It was similar in cool bath(66.82 mmHg, 67.87 mmHg, 68.48 mmHg, 67.87 mmHg, and 68.78)(P=0.9654). As time went on, PF was significantly increased in hot bath(70.42 times, 86.96 times, 93.57 times, 99.30 times, and 101.78 times)(P=0.0001). It was a little increased in cool bath, too (70.42 times, 70.85 times, 71.63 times, 71.06 times, and 71.45 times)(P=0.9803). As time went on, RF was significantly increased in hot bath(15.75 times, 19.09 times, 22.09 times, 24.94 times, and 26.48 times)(P=0.0001). I t in cool bath of stability, 3 min, and 6 min was a little increased(15.75 times, 19.30 times, 19.39 times), but it in 9 min(18.67 times), and 12 min(18.09 times) was a little decreased(P=0.0176). As time went on, BT was significantly increased in hot bath($36.63^{\circ}C,\;37.45^{\circ}C,\;37.81^{\circ}C,\;38.12^{\circ}C,\;38.33^{\circ}C$)(P=0.0001). It was a little increased in cool bath of stability and 3 min($36.63^{\circ}C,\;37.40^{\circ}C$), but others are similar($37.33^{\circ}C,\;37.37^{\circ}C$, and $37.36^{\circ}C$)(P=0.0001). It was revealed by this study, SBP and DBP according to time in hot and cool bath were decreased. PF, RF, and BT in hot bath were higher, RF and BT in cool bath were higher too. but PF was similar.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.259-270
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• 1992

The changes in life style today appear many ways. Many housewives turn away from home preparation of the time consuming traditional foods, such as 'Andong sikhe'. The importance, however, of succeeding the traditional cuisines is getting appreciated widely nowadays. This study aimed to investigate the preparation of Andong sikhe by use of pure culture inoculation and the improvement of storage stability by the addition of stabilizers to the product. Lactobacillus delbreuckii was selected for the pure culture inoculation in the fermentation. The changes in chemical composition such as total acidity, sugar content, amino acid and various forms of nitrogen during fermentation were determined. The changes in pH of the product, the enzyme activities and the population of lactic acid bacteria were also followed in the process of fermentation. The Lactobacillus dominated in the beginning of the fermentation but the Streptococcus out numbered the former as the fermentation proceeded. The crude protein content increased up to the 4th day of fermentation but slowly decreased there after. The pH of the product rapidly decreased to 4.2 by the 2nd day of fermentation. The total acidity reached to the 0.38% by the 2nd day of fermentation and kept on increasing slowly during the fermentation. The free sugar consisted of 6 kinds including maltose and one unknown sugar. The amino form nitrogen increased up to 38.5mg% at the 2nd day of fermentation and the product tasted best at this time. The ammonia form nitrogen, water soluble and salt soluble protein decreased during fermentation. Proline and aspartic acid were the two major free amino acids. The free methionine increased while the free lysine decreased in the process of fermentation. The major amino acids of water soluble and salt soluble protein were glutamic acid and aspartic acid. The arginine content of salt soluble protein increased as the fermentation proceeded. Linoleic, palmitic and oleic acid were the three major fatty acids and occupy 90% or more of the total fatty acids. The activities of acid protease and liquefying amylase reached to the maximum at the 4th day of fermentation while those of saccharogenic amylase and lipase reached to the peak at the 2nd day of fermentation.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.556-564
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• 2007

Purpose : We hypothesized that the persisting bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) of adolescents with asthma remission may be controlled mainly by genetic factors, and the BHR of symptomatic asthma by airway inflammation. ${\beta}_2$-adrenoceptor gene is considered to be a candidate gene in the development of BHR. Thus, ${\beta}_2$-adrenoceptor gene polymorphism may be associated with the BHR of adolescents with asthma remission, but not with the BHR of symptomatic asthma. To evaluate this hypothesis, ${\beta}_2$-adrenoceptor gene polymorphism at 2 sites (Arg16-Gly, Gln27-Glu) were examined. Methods : Two hundred two adolescents with BHR ($PC_{20}<18\;mg/mL$) and long term remission (neither asthma-related symptoms nor medication during the previous 2 years) of their asthma (remission group), 182 adolescents with symptomatic asthma (symptomatic group), and 200 healthy adolescents (control group) were studied. Asthma phenotypes were determined using methacholine bronchial provocation test and skin prick test. Genotypes of ${\beta}_2$-adrenoceptor polymorphism were evaluated by PCR-based methods. Results : Gly/Gly allele and Gly16-Gln27 haplotype were more prevalent in the remission group than in the control group (P=0.01, P=0.02), although there was no difference between the symptomatic group and the control group. In the remission group, there was significant difference in geometric mean of $PC_{20}$ among the 3 groups subdivided by the number of Gly16-Gln27 haplotype, showing that the Gly16-Gln27 haplotype was positively associated with BHR. However, no association was found between Gly16-Gln27 haplotype and BHR in the symptomatic group. Conclusion : This study demonstrates that ${\beta}_2$-adrenoceptor polymorphism at amino acid 16 and 27 was associated with BHR persisting in adolescents with asthma remission.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.296-305
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• 2018

Spiroxamine, one of fungicides, is used to control powdery mildew in various crops and black yellow sigatoka in bananas. The major strength of spiroxamine is to control powdery mildew in various crops and bananas yellow sigatoka in bananas. The compound has shown a high level of activity, good persistence and crop tolerance. Besides powdery mildew, good control of rust, net blotch and Rhynchosporium diseases been indicated in cereals, together with a complementary activity against Septoria diseases. In 2017, the maximum residue limit (MRL) of spiroxamine established in Korea. According to Ministry of ood and rug afety) regulations, spiroxamine residues defined only parent compound. Thus, a analytical method is needed to estimate the residue level of the parent compound. The objective of this study was to develop and validate analytical method for spiroxamine in representative agricultural commodities. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile and partitioned with dichloromethane to remove the interfering substances. The analyte were quantified and confirmed liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) in positive-ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Matrix matched calibration curves were linear over the calibration ranges ($0.0005{\sim}0.1{\mu}g/mL$) for the analyte in blank extract with coefficient of determination ($r^2$) > 0.99. For validation purposes, recovery studies will be carried out at three different concentration levels (LOQ, 10LOQ, and 50LOQ) performing five replicates at each level. The recoveries 70.6~104.6% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 10%. All values were consistent with the criteria ranges in the Codex guidelines (CAC/GL40, 2003) and MFDS guidelines. proposed analytical method be used as an official analytical method in the Republic of Korea.