• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.24 no.2 s.62
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• pp.102-111
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• 2006

The increased occurrence of hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ) induced type I diabetes has been implicated in the etiology and pathology of disease complication. STZ has known to be genotoxic in a variety of assays including tests for microbial mutagenesis and unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat kidney. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a pathologic condition, resulting in severe metabolic imbalances and non-physiologic changes in many tissues. We examined the effect of gamma radiation and KWNP on preventing the development of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus using streptozotocin-induced Fisher 344 diabetic rats. The hematological values (red blood cell and white blood cell), serum biochemical constituents-alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total cholesterol, triglycerides and insulin-were checked and the organs (testis, spleen and kidney) were weighed. The gonad indices of the STZ treated groups were much lower than the value of the control group. But the gonad indices of the KWNP treated groups were higher than those of the treated groups. The ratio of the weight of kidney to the body weight of the STZ treated groups was higher than that of the control group. The value of the diabetic group treated with KWNP after irradiation (F group) was lower than the other STZ treated groups. The white blood cell and ALP values of the F group were lower than the other STZ groups, as well. The cholesterol and triglyceride values of all the KWNP treated groups were significantly lower than the other groups. A significant increase (about 10 times) of insulin was detected in the F group. The results of hematological assay showed the distinctive damage in the irradiated and STZ treated groups. The quantity of apoptotic cells in seminiferous tubule of testis confirmed a serious damage as assessed in the STZ treated groups. These experimental results have revealed that treatment of the products of KWNP after irradiation has the antidiabetic effect in the STZ-induced diabetic rats. But the F group showed higher recuperative power. These experimental results have revealed that treatment of the gamma irradiation and KWNP have the recovering effect in the STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.347-354
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• 1999

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of maturity at harvest and inoculants on the quality of round baled rye(Secale cereale L.) silage at the experimental field of Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suwon in 1998. The experiment was consist of split-plot design with 3 replications. The main plots were 3 harvesting stages such as boot(20 April), heading(29 April), and flowering stages(14 May). The subplots wered inoculant treatments : control (untreated), inoculant A, and inoculant B. Acid detergent fiber(ADF), neutral detergent fiber(NDF), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of rye silage were significantly increased with delayed harvesting date, but there was not significant difference between inoculants. Mean silage pH at flowering stage was the lowest(4.35), but the highest at early harvest(4.91). Inoculants significantly reduced acidity of silage compared with control. Dry matter(DM) content of the control was higher than that of inoculants. Ammonia-N as proportion of total N was below 10% which was maximum level of high quality silage. The addition of inoculants reduced ammonia-N. There were significant difference in organic acid contents between harvesting stages and inoculants. Lactic acid was increased with inoculants, but acetic and butyric acids were decreased. Various treatments increased colony forming unit(CFU) of lactic acid bacteria by 2 or 3 times compared with the control and the highest at flowering stage with inoculant B treatment. Results of this study indicate that use of microbial inoculant and harvesting after heading stage will improve the silage fermentation and quality of round baled rye silage.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.194-201
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• 1985

Effect of perfluidone(2-methyl-4-phenylsulphonyltrifluoromethylsulphoanilide) and bifenox(2,4-dichlorophenyl-3-methoxycarbonyl-4-nitrophenylether) mixture on weed control and plant growth and yield of transplanted rice was determined. Perfluidone-bifenox mixture applied at 75-105 g a.i./10a controlled effectively perennial weeds such as Sagittaria pygmaea Miq., Potamogeton dtstinctus A. Benn., Cyperus serotinus Rottb, Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi, including most annual weeds, but did not control Sagittaria trifolia L.. There was no phytotoxicity caused by perfluidone-bifenox mixture when applied at 100-140 g a.i./10a. The mixture at 150-210 g a.i./10a caused crop injury, but did not affect the yield. Phytotoxicity due to the mixture decreased as the application time was delayed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.392-403
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• 2008

Four ruminally fistulated Hanwoo steers were used to determine the effects of level and degradability of dietary protein on ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites and concentration of soluble non-ammonia nitrogen (SNAN) in ruminal (RD) and omasal digesta (OD). Experiments were conducted in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design with a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors were protein supplements with two ruminal crude protein (CP) degradabilities, corn gluten meal (CGM) that was low in degradability (rumen-degraded protein (RDP), 23.4% CP) or soybean meal (SBM) that was high in degradability (RDP, 62.1% CP), and two feeding levels of CP (12.2 or 15.9% dry matter). Ruminal fermentation rates and plasma metabolite concentrations were determined from the RD collected at 2-h intervals and from the blood taken by jugular puncture, respectively. The SNAN fractions (free amino acid, peptide and soluble protein) in RD and OD collected at 2-h intervals were assessed by ninhydrin assay. Mean ruminal ammonia concentrations were 40.5, 74.8, 103.4 and 127.0 mg/L for low CGM, high CGM, low SBM and high SBM, respectively, with statistically significant differences (p<0.01 for CP level and p<0.001 for CP degradability). Blood urea nitrogen concentrations were increased by high CP level (p<0.001) but unaffected by CP degradability. There was a significant (p<0.05) interaction between level and degradability of CP on blood albumin concentrations. Albumin was decreased to a greater extent by increasing degradability of low CP diets (0.26 g/dl) compared with high CP diets (0.02 g/dl). Concentrations of each SNAN fraction in RD (p<0.01) and OD (p<0.05) for high CP diets were higher than those for low CP diets, except for peptides but concentrations of the sum of peptide and free amino acid in RD and OD were significantly higher (p<0.05) for high CP diets than for low CP diets. Soybean meal diets increased free amino acid and peptide concentrations in both RD (p<0.01) and OD (p<0.05) compared to CGM diets. High level and greater degradability of CP increased (p<0.001) mean concentrations of total SNAN in RD and OD. These results suggest that RDP contents, increased by higher level and degradability of dietary protein, may increase release of free amino acids, peptides and soluble proteins in the rumen and omasum from ruminal degradation and solubilization of dietary proteins. Because SNAN in OD indicates the terminal product of ruminal metabolism, increasing CP level and degradability appears to increase the amount of intestine-available nitrogen in the liquid phase.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.274-278
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• 2017

In this study, predictive mathematical models were developed to estimate the kinetics of Staphylococcus aureus growth in processed meat product galbitang. Processed meat product galbitang was inoculated with 0.1 mL of S. aureus culture and stored at 4, 10, 20, $37^{\circ}C$. The ${\mu}_{max}$ (maximum specific growth rate) and LPD (lag phase duration) values were calculated. The primary model was used to develop a response surface secondary model. The growth parameters were analyzed using the square root model as a function of storage temperature. The developed model was confirmed by calculating RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) values as statistic parameters. The LPD decreased, but ${\mu}_{max}$ increased with an increase in the storage temperature. At 4, 10, 20 and $37^{\circ}C$, $R^2$ was 0.99, 0.98, 0.99 and 0.99, respectively; RMSE was 0.39. The developed predictive growth model can be used to predict the risk of S. aureus contamination in processed meat product galbitang; hence, it has potential as an input model for the risk assessment.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.513-520
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to measure the total bacterial count, the number of foodborne pathogens and the change of PH by the addition of grapefruit seed extract (GFSE) in kanjang Paste and kochujang paste, respectively. The change of inoculated foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella enteritidis IFO 3313, Staphlococcus aureus IFO 12732, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115, Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 43894 in kanjang Paste and kochujang paste were measured for 14 days at the storage temperatures of $4^{\circ}\;and\;20^{\circ}C$. In kanjang paste, the changes of pH were not showed between the control and the addition of GFSE at $4^{\circ}C$. However, pH were decreased about 2 pome in the control and the addition of GFSE 250 ppm at $20^{\circ}C$. In the addition of GFSE 500 ppm, pH decreased about 1.2 points at $20^{\circ}C$. In the growth-inhibitory effect on foodborne pathogens, when comparing with the con01 and the addition of GFSE 250 ppm and 500 ppm the addition of GFSE was decreased more than the control in kanjang paste at storage temperatures of $4^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$. Otherwise, there were no differences of the number of foodborne Pathogens in kochujang paste as additions. But in kochujang paste stored at storage temperatiues of $4^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$ there were differences of the number of foodborne pathogens. When kochujang paste stored $20^{\circ}C$ at least for 10 days, tested all foodborne Pathogens were not detected.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.884-892
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the drying characteristics and drying models of Ainsliaea acerifolia Sch. Bip. using far-infrared thin layer drying. Far-infrared thin layer drying test on Ainsliaea acerifolia Sch. Bip. was conducted at two air velocities of 0.6 and 0.8 m/sec, as well as three drying temperatures of 40, 45, and $50^{\circ}C$ respectively. The drying models were estimated using coefficient of determination and root mean square error. Drying characteristics were analyzed based on factors such as drying rate, leaf color changes, antioxidant activity, and contents of polyphenolics and flavonoids. The results revealed that increases in drying temperature and air velocity caused a reduction in drying time. The Thompson model was considered suitable for thin layer drying using far-infrared radiation for Ainsliaea accerifolia Sch. Bip. Greenness and yellowness values decreased and lightness values increased after far-infrared thin layer drying, and the color difference (${\Delta}E$) values at $40^{\circ}C$ were higher than those at $45^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$. The antioxidant properties of Ainsliaea acerifolia Sch. Bip. decreased under all far-infrared thin layer drying conditions, and the highest polyphenolic content (37.9 mg/g), flavonoid content (22.7 mg/g), DPPH radical scavenging activity (32.5), and ABTS radical scavenging activity (31.1) were observed at a drying temperature of $40^{\circ}C$ with an air velocity of 0.8 m/sec.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.994-1001
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• 2012

Quality changes of pre-processed garlic, peeled and chopped, were analyzed during storage at $-18^{\circ}C$ or $2^{\circ}C$ for 30 days and at $20^{\circ}C$ for 3 days only for chopped garlic. As storage time increased, Hunter L values decreased and a, b values increased, indicating browning regardless of the pre-process type and storage temperature. Decay and sprouting rates of peeled garlic during storage at $2^{\circ}C$ significantly increased while those of peeled garlic were maintained during storage at $-18^{\circ}C$. Weight loss of peeled garlic during storage was greater at $-18^{\circ}C$ than at $2^{\circ}C$. Hardness of peeled garlic rapidly decreased by half from 1.04 kg to 0.58 kg by freezing, and it did not significantly change during the storage period. Viable numbers of total aerobic bacteria of peeled and chopped garlic did not significantly change during the storage period at $2^{\circ}C$ but were reduced at $-18^{\circ}C$. Total aerobic bacterial count of chopped garlic stored at $20^{\circ}C$ slightly increased during the storage period. Pyruvic acid content of chopped garlic was almost 2.5 times higher than that of peeled garlic at the initial stage (463.87 ${\mu}mol/g$ and 190.52 ${\mu}mol/g$, respectively). As storage time increased, pyruvic acid content of peeled garlic increased while that of chopped garlic decreased. These results indicate that pre-process type and storage temperature affected the quality changes of garlic during storage.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 2010

Most pesticides are poorly soluble in water and must be dissolved in a solvent carrier before being added to the test medium on aquatic toxicity test. The concentration of solvent is critical to the success of a test. This study were conducted to recommend possible organic solvents which have good solubility for pesticides and low toxicity to Korean native water flea to establish new standard toxicity test methods using Korean native water flea for ecological risk assessment of pesticide. Four Korean freshwater cladocerans, Daphnia obtusa, Daphnia sp., Moina macrocopa and Simocephalus vetulus were exposed to 10 different organic solvents during 48 hours to evaluate their toxic response to solvents. Ethyl acetate was the most toxic to cladocerans tested. Although ethyl ether was the least toxic to cladocerans tested, it may not adequate as possible solvent in aquatic toxicity test due to high volatility and low water solubility. In conclusion, acetone, methanol, ethanol and acetonitrile which has low toxicity as well as good water solubility are recommended as optimal organic solvent to use in aquatic toxicity tests with Korean native cladocerans tested.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.195-202
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• 2007

Purpose : The normal flora, which was suggested to prevent infection, is acquired first from the birth canal and develops by dietary factors. Here presents a case-control study, aimed to evaluate the postnatal acquisition factors relating to the achievement of the normal flora in infants with urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods : 115 UTI infants, admitted at Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital from 2004 to 2005 and 116 age-matched control infants, who had visited well baby clinic, were evaluated. The suggested postnatal acquisition factors of the normal flora such as vaginal delivery, breast feeding, probiotics and yogurt intake and their relationship with UTI were evaluated. Results : The rate of vaginal delivery was 50%(58/l15) in UTI infants, which was not significantly different from 60%(69/116) in control infants(P>0.05). In the infants with UTI, the feeding pattern(breast milk 19%, mixed 26%, formula 55%) was significantly different from that(44%, 19%, 37%) in control infants(P<0.05). This significant difference was shown only in infants less than 6 months of age, but was not in infants over 6 months of age. The rate of probiotics intake in UTI infants was 4%(4/115), which was significantly lower than 27% (32/116) in control infants(P<0.05). The rate of regular intake of yogurt in UTI infants over 6 months of age was 27%(6/23), which was not significantly different from 35%(8/23) in control infants(P>0.05). The odds ratios of breast feeding and probiotics intake against UTI were significantly low as 0.30 (95% Cl 0.17-0.55)(P<0.01) and 0.03 (95% Cl 0.01-0.07)(P<0.01). Conclusion : The significantly lower rates of breast feeding and probiotics intake in UTI infants suggest that these dietary factors might have preventive effects in infants with UTI.