• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1979년도 제13차 학술대회 연제순서 및 초록
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• pp.4.4-5
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• 1979

만성중이염은 이비인후과 영역에 있어서 가장 빈도가 높은 질병중의 하나이며 항생물질 및 화학요법 등 많은 의학의 발달이 있음에도 불구하고 본 질환의 근본적인 치료법으로는 수술요법 밖에 없는 실정이다. 만성중이염의 수술요법은 중이화농의 제거를 위한 근치수술에서 부터 시작되어 근년에 이르러서는 중이염의 제거는 물론 청력개선을 도모하는 소위 고실성형술이 발달하였다. 고실성형술의 술식에 따른 수술후 청력 개선에 관해서는 학자들의 많은 연구가 있으나 술전 청력과 고실내 상태와의 관계는 언급이 적다. 저자들은 술전 청력상으로 중이내 병변의 종류와 정도를 추정할 수 없을가 하는 문제와 전음기구의 기초적, 실험적 이론을 어떻게 적응시키고 응용해야 할 것인가 하는 문제에 착안하여 술전 청력이 가지 는 의의를 규명하고 이에 따라 수술 술식을 선택할 계획의 일부로서, 고실내 병변과 청력과의 관련성을 검토하였다. 연구대상은 1977년 1월 1일부터 1978년 12월 31일까지 2년간 수술현미경하에 고실성형수술을 시행한 만성중이염 189례를 대상으로 술전 청력장애와 술중 관찰한 고실내 병변과의 상관관계를 검토하였다. 관찰항목출 고실내 이소골의 병변을 중심으로 이소골에 특별한 병변없이 고막천공만 있는 군(Ⅰ군), 이소골연쇄의 운동성 및 연속성에 이상이 없이 이소골 주위에만 병적 육아조직이 있는 군(Ⅱ군), 이소골의 연속성은 정상이나 가동성에 이상이 있는 군(Ⅲ군) 및 이소골이단군(Ⅳ군) 마다의 1) 이소골 병변, 고막청공의 크기 및 청력형과 기도청력장애와의 관계, 2) 저음역 골도연장, 고음역 골도장애 및 Carhart's notch와 고실내 병변과의 관계 3) 교실내 육아조직의 발생부위 등과 기도청력과의 관계를 검토하여 그 성적을 다음과 같이 요약한다. 1) 만성중이염 총 189례의 평균 청력손실 역치는 44.6dB였고 기도청력은 이소골 연쇄상태와 관계가 있으며 정상, 육아조직형성, 이소골 운동장애 및 이소골 연쇄의 이단 순서로 청력이 악화하였다. 2) 이소골파괴례의 평균 청력손실 역치는 49.1 dB이며 3개 이소골의 전결손례와 1∼2개의 부분결손례에는 청력손실에 유의한 차이가 있었으나 이소골 부분파괴례 간에는 차이가 없었다. 이소골연쇄에 병변이 없이 고막천공만이 있는 예의 기도청력은 약 45dB이내이며 천공이 커질수록 청력장애가 악화하는 경향이나 고실내 병변에 따라 차이가 있었다. 이소골에 병변이 없는 소천공의 청 력손실은 30dB이네 이며 30dB를 넘는 것은 이소골 기타에 병변이 있었다. 5) 청력형은 수평형과 저음역장애형이 각각 57례(30.2%), 67례(35.4)로 가장 많았으며 고음역장애형은 이소골의 운동장애가 있는 예에 많은 경항이었다. 6)이소골의 가동성이 유지되면서 어떤 형태의 부하가 있을 때는 저음역골도의 연장이 있고 고음역골도의 악화는 중이염으로 인한 내이병변으로 온다고 추정한다. 7) 소위 Carhart's notch는 14례(7.4%)했으며 이소골연쇄의 강직례에서 발생한다고 생각된다. 8)고실내 병리조직학적 염증형과 청력장애와는 관계가 없었다. 9)고실내 육아조직의 발생부위 특히 전정창과 와우창상의 병변은 청력에 영향을 주었다. 10) 이소골 이단례에서 염증성 부산물이 전음기전을 대행하는 것을 인정할 수 있었다. 11) 이상의 소견은 술전 고실내 병변을 추정하는 데 한 지표가 된다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.9-12
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• 1996

In order to produce the single chain precursor of a novel human insulin analogue, (B30-Homoserine) insulin, the fermentative behaviors of Escherichia coli JM103 were studied, which harbors pKBA plasmid carrying a hybrid gene in which the gene for a single chain precursor was fused with lacZ gene under tac promoter. The maximal induction of gene expression was achieved when more than 0.05 mM of isopropyl-$\beta$-D-thiogalactopyranoside(IPTG) was supplemented to fermentation medium after 4 h cultivation of E. coli, and followed by longer than 2-h fermentation. The hybrid protein of the single chain insulin precursor was isolated from cytoplasmic inclusion bodies by dissolving in 8M urea solution, and purified through DEAE-Sephacel and Sephadex G-200 column chromatographies with a recovery of 35%. The finally purified hybrid protein showed a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel.

• 한국자기학회:학술대회 개요집
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• 한국자기학회 2007년도 The 1st International Symposium on Advanced Magnetic Materials
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• pp.213.1-213.1
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• 2007

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.2917-2924
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• 2012

Four novel metal-organic complexes $[Cd_2(IP)_2(TBZ)_2(H_2O)_2]{\cdot}(H_2O)$ (1), $[Zn_4(IP)_4(TBZ)_4]{\cdot}2(H_2O)$ (2), $[Zn_2(BTC)(TBZ)_2(CO_2H)]$ (3), [Co(PDC)(TBZ)] (4) (where IP = isophthalate; TBZ = thiabendazole; BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate; PDC = pyridine-3,4-dicarboxylate) have been prepared and characterized by IR spectrum, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray structure analysis reveals that 1, 2, and 3 are one-dimensional chain polymers, while 4 is a two-dimensional network polymer. The TBZ acts as a typical chelating ligand coordinated to the metal center in all complexes. The 1D chain architecture of 1 is constructed from isophthalates and cadmium atoms. A simultaneous presence of chelating, monodentate and bidentate coordination modes of IP ligands is observed in complex 2. In complex 3, the 16-membered rings are alternately arranged forming an infinite 1D double-chain structure. The 2D skeleton of 4 is formed by cobalt ions as nodes and PDC dianions as spacers, through coordination bonds. The hydrogen bonds and ${\pi}-{\pi}$ stacking play important roles in affecting the final structure where complexes 1 and 3 have 2D supramolecular networks, while complexes 2 and 4 have 3D supramolecular architectures.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.515-528
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• 1995

The human genomic deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) was extracted from the pulp, dentin of 22 teeth by clelex, phenol methods. Samples of the tooth-derived DNA were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR), electrophosed for sex determination by detection of X-Y homologus amelogenin gene and D1S80 locus detection The following results have been achieved. 1. Chelex and phenol method are effective to sex determination in the pulp and dentin 2. Chelex method is not suitable for detection of D1S80 locus. 3. Concentration and purity of DNA for teeth using chelex method is lower than using phenol method. From the above investigation, chelex method is simple, rapid for sex determination, but it is not suitable for detection of VNTRs.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.3244-3248
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• 2014

Two ethylenediamine cobalt(II) oxalate complexes Co(ox)(en), 1 and $Co(ox)(en){\cdot}2H_2O$, 2 have been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectrum, TG analysis, and magnetic measurements. In 1, Co atoms are coordinated by two bis-bidentate oxalate ions in transconfiguration to form Co(ox) chains, which are further bridged by ethylenediamine molecules to produce 2D grid layers, Co(ox)(en). In 2, Co atoms are coordinated by bridging oxalate ions in cis-configuration to form Co(ox) chains, and the additional chelation of ethylenediamine to Co atoms completes 1D zigzag chain, Co(en)(ox). Two lattice water molecules stabilize the chains through hydrogen bonding. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that both complexes exhibit weak antiferromagnetic coupling between cobalt(II) ions with the susceptibility maxima at 23 K for 1 and 20 K for 2, respectively. In 1 and 2, the oxalate ligands afford a much shorter and more effective pathway for the magnetic interaction between cobalt ions compared to the ethylenediamine ligands, so the magnetic behaviors of both complexes could be well described with 1D infinite magnetic chain model.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2009년도 제38회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.364-364
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• 2010

Defects existing on the clean Si(5 5 12)-$2{\times}1$, composed of one-dimensional(1-D) structures such as honeycomb (H) chain, $\pi$-bonded ($\pi$) chains, dimer-adatom (D-A) row, and tetramer (T) row, have been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). It is found that the defects can be classified to two categories: One is originated from phase boundaries in D-A and T rows having $2{\times}$ periodicities, by which buckling directions are reversed, and the other is caused by missing atoms on $\pi$ chains, D-A rows, and T rows. All these defects are symmetric with respect to the [6 6 $\bar{5}$] direction, which is due to one-dimensional symmetry along the [1 $\bar{1}$ 0] direction. Especially it is worth noticing that on H chains none of such defects exist, which implies that the H chain is energetically the most stable among 1-D structures existing on Si(5 5 12)-$2{\times}1$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1554-1560
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• 2008

The probe diffusion and friction constants of methyl yellow (MY) in liquid n-alkanes of increasing chain length were calculated by equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at temperatures of 318, 418, 518 and 618 K. Lennard-Jones particles with masses of 225 and 114 g/mol are modeled for MY. We observed that the diffusion constant of the probe molecule follows a power law dependence on the molecular weight of nalkanes, DMY${\sim}M^{-\gamma}$ well. As the molecular weight of n-alkanes increases, the exponent $\gamma$ shows sharp transitions near n-dotriacontane ($C_{32}$) for the large probe molecule (MY2) at low temperatures of 318 and 418 K. For the small probe molecule (MY1) $D_{MY1}$ in $C_{12}$ to C80 at all the temperatures are always larger than Dself of n-alkanes and longer chain n-alkanes offer a reduced friction relative to the shorter chain n-alkanes, but this reduction in the microscopic friction for MY1 is not large enough to cause a transition in the power law exponent in the log-log plot of DMY1 vs M of n-alkane. For the large probe molecule (MY2) at high temperatures, the situation is very similar to that for MY1. At low temperatures and at low molecular weights of n-alkanes, $D_{MY2}$ are smaller than $D_{self}$ of n-alkanes due to the relatively large molecular size of MY2, and MY2 experiences the full shear viscosity of the medium. As the molecular weight of n-alkane increases, $D_{self}$ of n-alkanes decreases much faster than $D_{MY2}$ and at the higher molecular weights of n-alkane, MY2 diffuses faster than the solvent fluctuations. Therefore there is a large reduction of friction in longer chains compared to the shorter chains, which enhances the diffusion of MY2. The calculated friction constants of MY1 and MY2 in liquid n-alkanes supported these observations. We deem that this is the origin of the so-called“solventoligomer”transition.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2001

Transmission System Operators are governed by operational security standards that are applied in real time. During system disturbances, the System Operators must rely on the installed protection and control equipment, prior to human intervention. New power electronic solutions bring rapid and repeatable responses to disturbances, which will help System Operators to guarantee a stable system. Last year, Alstom completed the world's first competitively bid STATCOM to support the voltage on National Grid's 400kV network that supplies London and the Southeast from the north of the UK. It is rated ${\pm}75MVAr$ and forms part of a Static Var System (SVS) with a total rating of 0 to 225MVAr. This paper will describe the reasons for its size, location, its chain-link configuration and give examples of its operating performance. The paper will also describe the features that allow this STATCOM to deliver much more than reactive compensation in support of a wider transmission service objective, as system conditions require.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.215-223
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of leg muscle activation by applying proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) arm patterns to unilateral upper extremities under the condition of both open and closed kinetic chains in a seated position. Methods: Twenty-two healthy subjects participated in this study. Four PNF patterns were applied to each subject's unilateral upper extremity. EMG data were collected from the vastus medialis, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius. The measured EMG data were digitized and processed to root mean square (RMS) and expressed as percentage maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures to determine the statistical significance. Results: The results of this study were summarized as follows: Firstly, in comparison to muscle activation of the biceps femoris, there was a significant increase in the D2 flexion pattern when it was compared with D2 extension pattern and when it was compared with D1 flexion pattern (p<.05). Secondly, there was a significant increase in the muscle activation of the vastus medialis and tibialis anterior with a closed kinetic chain rather than an open kinetic chain (p<.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, in order to increase muscle activation of the biceps femoris, the D2 flexion pattern can be applied, regardless of kinetic chain. In addition, in order to increase muscle activation of the vastus medialis and tibialis anterior, four arm patterns can be applied with a closed kinetic chain.