• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to know on the changes characteristics of eye brow forms of the wester women. A facial image which people recognize contents on changes of image according to various eye brow changes on the face. Various changes of image were seen by length, angle and thickness of eye brow types. The ancient Egyptians used antimony powder to blacken their brows huge black lines. In medieval times, women shaved both their eye brows and their hairlines to give a pure look. The early nineteenth century, brows were untweezed and natural. In the 1920s, when women started paying attention to their faces and their freedom, brows were tweezed, narrowed. In the 1930s, the idealized faces of Jean Harlow, Marlene Dietrich and Greta Garbo - narrow tracery of drawn on brows. The eyebrows is filled various shape of the 1950s. In the 1970s, the Disco Decade of Dreadful tastes, women were at their tweezers again, manicuring their brows. Brooke Shields's natural-looking brow would be an example of the 1980s. In the 1990s, the eyebrow designed by superstar makeup artists who determined the look of fashion model and screen star.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.203-223
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• 1994

This study intends to look through the development of female costume during the 100 years after the flowering time. By refocusing on the flow the Korean female costume, this study present representative costume style of that time and find out the fashion cycles. For this purpose, the clothes during the 100 years (from 1890 to 1993) were observed and changes of female costume, hair style and shoes were observed. Literature review and content analysis method used. The results of this study are as follows : For Korean costume, there were little changes in basic styles and only the jacket and skirt lengths were changed. After 1960s, as modernization of socio-cultural aspects were processed, Korean costume became formalized and structure of costume was duplicated. In the 1960's mint skirts and pantalons won popularity. In the 1970's , diverse modes including mini, midi, maxi, pantalon, hot pants appeared, and especially the jeans were popular. In the 1980's big & loose silhouette was in fashion in the beginning, and fit & flare silhouette later in the decade. In the 1990's styles emphasizing natural feminity came in fashion. In addition, by analyzing the development of female costume styles of Korea, Fashion cycles were found, expecially in the phenomenon of 70's styles repeating in the 90's.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.113-124
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• 1996

This research was designed to find out what is a distictive feature of the design elements of Korean women's costume and its influence by analizing the trend of Korean women's constume during the period of 1890 and 1995. The research was analized by a total of 854 random samples of clothing styles collected from materials in the museums and from articles of three leading newspapers and one of the best women's magazines in Korea. The changing trend of Korean women's costume was found out to be as follows: 1. In around 1910s, the trend of Korean women's costume has been changed into two-tier structure of both Korean and Western styles, and the typical and traditional Korean women's street wears such as 'Chang-ot' and 'Tsdechima' have been gradually diminished. 2. From 1920s, length of the Korean skirt, which was unnecessarily long and inconvenient, has been getting shorter for the convenience of walking. In addition, Korean women's underwear has become simplified, and sports wear could be seen for the first time in Korea. 3. During 1960s, the Western clothing styles have been increased rather than Korean styles as the street wear of the Korean women. 4. In 1970s, blue jeans, mini-skirts and casual wears have become a trend or fashion for women in Korea. 5. In 1980s, a fashion of unisex mode has arrived in this country, and from the year of 1987, wearing of panties among the Korean women has been increased rather than skirts wearing for the street wear. 6. During 1990s, various forma of complex styles came into being in such styles as so-called 'orange class style,' 'protruding navel T-shirts' and 'runner wear speedy.' From mid-1990s, Korean women have turned out to prefer the cute and light costumes by placing emphasis on the image of intellectual, professional and functional wears. The changing special feature of the Korean women's clothing designs could be distinctively observed during 1960s as the modernization policies in Korea have been processed during the period. The clothing trend before 1960 was to change and to solve problems of inconvenient and impractical wears, but the trend after 1960 was seen as a change to confirm a trend of the world fashion. From mid-1990s, however, preference of Korean women's self-conceited conception socially and an unquestionable changing pattern of Korean women's life.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.211-234
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• 2008

The history of information system (IS) development methodology in Korea is less than 30 years. Korea introduced the structured development methodology in the public fields in 1980s, introduced the information engineering methodology in 1990s, and accepted and developed the objected oriented development methodology and the component based development methodology in 2000s. The history of IS development methodology in Korea is shorter than that of the world. Korea's IS development methodology started 10 year later compared with the world level. But it developed rapidly in 1990s and then grew to the world level in 2000s. This paper is the first research that it investigated the history of IS development methodology in Korea. This paper will give the people of IT industry the historical insights about IS development methodology and will help make a current and future strategic plan for IS development methodology. And it will provide researchers and policy makers with the insights and research ideas of future direction of information system development.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.461-466
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• 2010

We examined the pattern of brand naming for dental clinics depending on various factors in 551 members of The Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. The results follows: 1. Brand naming depending on the sex showed that the clinical subspeciality was 33.4% and the name of people or regional location was 31.7% in male members. In female members, the clinical subspeciality was 49% and a feeling of affinity was 29.9% (p<0.05). 2. Brand naming using the name of people and regional location in association with the year of graduation, the period before the 1960s was 66.7% the 1960s was 62.5% the 1970s was 68.8% and the 1980s was 46.5%. That is, these periods accounted for the most part. During the 1990s, however, brand naming based on the clinical subspeciality accounted for 52.2%. After the 2000s, it accounted for 59.8% (p<0.05). 3. In Seoul, Pusan and Kyounggi Province, brand naming based on the clinical speciality accounted for the most part. In other areas, the name of people and regional location, as well as a feeling of affinity, was the most prevalant (p<0.05). To summarize, there was a variability in the pattern of brand naming for dental clinics in association with the sex, schools and year of graduation and the regional location.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2021

The concept of integrated pest management (IPM) first developed in the 1950s, and the concept of economic control via pest management was established in the 1960s. Research on IPM began in the United States and Europe, and IPM studies in Korea started with citrus insects and paddy field pests following the distribution of high-yield varieties of rice. Apple IPM in Korea began with research on pest control using chemical pesticides and pesticides resistant to insect pests, studies on the ecology of insect pests and their natural enemies, and the exploitation of sex pheromones on insect pests. Since the 1990s, IPM research and field projects have been carried out simultaneously for farming households. In the 2000s, the development of pest monitoring and forecasting models centered on mating disturbances, database programs for pests, and networks for sharing information. IPM technology has expanded via the development of unmanned forecasting systems and automation technologies in the 2010s.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.194-215
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• 2021

Termites are important decomposers in the ecosystem. They are also economically significant structural pests. In this study, we reviewed the developments of termite control and recent research on termite management to provide information on the prevention and control of termites. In Korea, most of the damage to wooden historical buildings is caused by subterranean termites. Reticulitermes speratus kyushuensis is the main species, which is widely found throughout the country. In the early 1900s, inorganic insecticides, such as arsenic dust, were used for termite control. After the synthesis of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide in the 1940s, it was widely utilized and demonstrated high termite control efficacy. However, chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides were later banned, disappearing from markets after reports emerged concerning environmental contamination and toxicity to humans. Therefore, the termite control industry sought a new termiticide; hence many pesticides were utilized for termite control. Organophosphate (1960s), carbamate (1970s), pyrethroid, and insect growth inhibitor (1980s) were newly synthesized and adopted. In the 1990s, the first commercial baits using chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSI) were developed, providing a means to eliminate an entire colony of subterranean termites around a structure. Many studies have been carried out on soil termiticides (liquid termiticides) and CSI baits to increase their efficacy, and different baits such as aboveground bait stations, fluid bait, and high-durability bait were also developed in the 2000s. In addition, the paradigm of termite control has shifted from localized treatments using soil termiticides to area-wide pest management using CSI baits to create termite-free zones and protect buildings over time. Termite infestations in wooden historical buildings in Korea have been reported since 1980, and considerable attention was drawn in the 1990s when several UNESCO world heritages such as the Jongmyo Shrine and the Janggyeong Panjeon Depositories of Haeinsa Temple were infested by subterranean termites. Since then, a survey of termite infestation in wooden architectural heritage has been conducted, and the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage and Heritage Care Program regularly monitors those properties. Finally, we suggest termite management using primarily CSI baits, selective application of various soil treatments applied to the object, foundation soil treatment, research and development of durable termite baits, application of area-wide programs for wooden-building complexes, application of integrated termite management (ITM), and regular education for owners and managers to prevent and reduce termite damage.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.19-33
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• 2022

Planarity geotechnical exploration missions were actively performed during the 1970s and there was a period of decline from the 1 990s to the 2000s because of budget. However, exploring space resources is essential to prepare for the depletion of Earth's resources in the future and explore resources abundant in space but scarce on Earth, such as rare earth and helium-3. Additionally, the development of space technology has become the driving force of future industry development. The competition among developed countries for exoplanet exploration has recently accelerated for the exploration and utilization of space resources. For these missions and resource exploration/mining, geotechnical exploration is required. There have been several missions to explore exoplanet ground, including the Moon, Mars, and asteroids. There are Apollo, LUNA, and Chang'E missions for exploration of the Moon. The Mars missions included Viking, Spirit/Opportunity, Phoenix, and Perseverance missions, and the asteroid missions included the Hayabusa missions. In this study, space planetary mineral resource exploration technologies are explained, and the future technological tasks of Korea are described.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.154-164
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the modernizations of traditional Saekdong by analyzing the magazines from the 1955 to 1995. The application of Saekdong extended during the 1950s. Before, Saekdong was only used for children; however, women were wearing it during this period. With the advancement of the fabric industry in the 1960s, a great popularity of Saekdong was witnessed and its application extended even further. During the 1970s, the Saekdong was applied in westernized clothes; however, the 1980s was a time of renaissance for Saekdong as the awakening of national identity movement began. The application of Saekdong in westernized clothes became more popular during the 1990s as the widespread of industrial designing was inspired by the tradition. The functional aspect of Saekdong such as recycling the leftover fabrics decreased over the years whereas the decorative aspect increased. The form of Saekdong became more variant. The Saekdong was applied either as a part or whole of the clothes. With the development of the mechanically woven Saekdong, various widths and forms of Saekdong, not only vertical lines but also diagonal and wave lines, appeared. The colors also changed. During the 1990s, low chroma and gradation methods were applied. Gold and silver threads also were woven together. The motifs were created and gilts were printed on Saekdong.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the changing fashion image of the glossy materials including metal, leather, vinyl, latex, plastic etc. from 1960's to the present. Glossy materials used in the second half of the 20th century showed a restricted image combined with a specific social circumstance. They expressed a reflection of young and future-oriented space period of 1960s. Many designers like Paco Rabanne and Andre Courreges were concerned with the fashion of space age and expressed that image with leather and synthetic materials including silver leather, metal chain armor, and plastic appeared as the keynote of fashion. In 1970's, glossy material was the symbol of avant-garde and rebellious attitude by the punk fashion. They maximized glamourous look of 1980s, and cyber look with an expectation for a new millenium of 1990s. On the other side, glossy materials seem to be used as a source of various inspiration of fashion designer in the 21st century. Also, some of the past images, for example space look and glamourous look, are revived in the 21 st century by the form of modified design.