• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.187-195
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• 2014

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are ubiquitous in the air, are present as volatile and particulate pollutants that result from incomplete combustion. Most PAHs have toxic, mutagenic, and/or carcinogenic properties. Among PAHs, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) are suspected endocrine disruptors. The testis is an important target for PAHs, yet effects on steroidogenesis in Leydig cells are yet to be ascertained. Particularly, disruption of testosterone production by these chemicals can result in serious defects in male reproduction. Exposure to B[a]P reduced serum and intratesticular fluid testosterone levels in rats. Of note, the testosterone level reductions were accompanied by decreased steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and $3{\beta}$-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isomerase ($3{\beta}$-HSD) expression in Leydig cells. B[a]P exposure can decrease epididymal sperm quality, possibly by disturbing the testosterone level. StAR may be a key steroidogenic protein that is targeted by B[a]P or other PAHs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.1205-1210
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• 2019

Objective: The inhibitory effects of dietary antioxidants, diallyl disulfide (DADS) and quercetin, in marinade were investigated on the formation of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (EPA priority 16 PAHs) in grilled pork. Methods: The formation of PAHs in grilled sirloin pork with different marinades after charcoal-grilling for 2 min/side were evaluated using high performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Results: Compared with the control marinade treatment (without antioxidant), the addition of DADS (500 mg/kg meat sample) in marinade significantly decreased benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) (100%) and heavy PAHs (84%) in charcoal-grilled pork, while the addition of quercetin at the same concentration could reduce 23% and 55% of BaP and heavy PAHs, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that the addition of DADS in the marinade could be important in decreasing the levels of PAHs in grilled meat.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 2002

The strain KKI isolated from soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was identified as Pseundomonas sp. based on analyses by MIDI and Biolog Identification System. Cellular and physiological responses of strain KKI to two-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene were evaluated using radiorespirometry, PLFAs and sequence analysis of Rieske-type iron sulfur center of dioxygenase. KKI was found to be able to rapidly mineralize naphthalene. Notably, KKI cells pregrown on phenanthrene were able to mineralize naphthalene much more rapidly than naphthalenepregrown cells. The total cellular fatty acids of KKI were comprised of eleven C-even and two C-odd fatty acids (fatty acids < 0.2% in abundance were not considered in this calculation). Lipids 12:0 2OH, 12:03 OH, 16:0, 18:1 6c, 18:0 increased for naphthalene-exposed cells, while lipids 18:1 7c1/15:0 ism 2OH, 17:0 cyclo, 18:1 7c, 19:0 cyclo decreased. Data from Northern hybridization using a naphthalene dixoygenase gene fragment cloned out from KKI as a probe provided the information that naphthalene dioxygenase gene was more highly expressed in cells grown on phenanthrene than naphthalene.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.364-370
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• 1998

This study was carried out to establish optimum smoking conditions i.e., smoking temperature, time, and smoking material for meat products. Smoking materials employed for smoking were oak and apple trees. Roast ham and wiener produced by various smoking conditions wree subjected to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) analysis. Benzo(a)pyrene was not detected in roast ham and wiener prepared with oak wood smoked and apple wood smoked at 250$^{\circ}C$. The content of benzo(a)pyrene in roast ham and wiener with apple wood smoked at 400$^{\circ}C$ were 0.6 and 0.7 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, and those sample smoked at 500$^{\circ}C$ is not suitable for meat products due to the high production rate of benzo(a)pyrene. The higher smoking temperature of the products, the higher the content of PAHs. The similar tendency was observed in smoking time. PAHs contents of the products smoked with oak wood was ranged from non-dection to 0.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg. Meat products smoked for 75 min. were found to be highly valuable from the viewpoints of flavour and color.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.341-350
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• 1996

We determined 6 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) fluranthene, pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene). A total of 129 samples has been collected from September 1990 to September 1994 on 2 different types of filters (quartz fiber filter, glass fiber filter) by a PM-10 high volume air sampler at the Kyung Hee University-Suwon campus. The organic components in the PM-10 were extracted by an ultrasonication process with benzene:ethanol(4:1, v/v) prior to the analysis by using a GC/FID. We had also investigated the decaying quantity of 6PAHs at the room temperature. For example, chrysene was decayed by 56.7% after 4 days and benzo(a)anthracene by 84.2% after 30 days. All of PAHs were almost completely decayed after a year. We extensively estimated the decay rates by regression analyses for existing 18 raw data sets. Based on the decay rate constants $(\beta)$, pyrene was rapidly decayed by 19.0 $\times 10^{-2}$/day; on the other hand, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene slowly by 0.7 $\times 10^{-2}$/day. Applying the decay rates of PAHs on stored and dated samples, we could reasonably determine annual and seasonal concentration average of PAHs in particulate matters smaller than 10 $\mu$m.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 1998

The contents of holocellulose, one of the main components of the wood, were 83.9% in oak wood and 76.9% in apple wood, respectively. Those of hemicellulose were 16.41 and 20.33%, and in lignin 23.0 and 19.7%, respectively. Six species of domestic oak wood and apple wood were considered to be suitable for smoking materials due to the low content of lignin. Benzo(a)pyrene contents in smoke flavoring prepared with oak wood at 150, 400 and 500$^{\circ}C$ were 0. 4, 3. 7 and 5.6$\mu\textrm{g}$,/kg, respectively. The amounts of phenanthrene were 112.7, 131.4 and 255.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, respectively, in each temperature. The amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH) in smoke flavory were in the order of phenanthrene＞anthracene＞pyrene＞benzo(a)anthracene＞chrysene＞benzo(b)fluoranthens＞benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene contents in smoking extracts prepared with apple wood at 150, 400 and 500$^{\circ}C$ were 0.4, 3.3 and 5.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, respectively. Phenanthrene contents in those samples were 72.7, 100.2 and 220.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, respectively. Contents of each PAH showed the same order as in oak wood.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.530-535
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• 2012

나프탈렌(Naphthalene)과 같은 다환방향족탄화수소류(Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)는 수계에 유입되어 해양생물들에게 영향을 미치게 된다. 나프탈렌은 유류속의 PAHs 내에서 함량이 가장 높으며, 독성이 강하다. 본 연구에서는 대조구(0 ${\mu}g/L$), 1000, 1800, 3200, 5600, 10000 ${\mu}g/L$의 6개 나프탈렌 농도구를 설정하고 넙치 치어에 대한 나프탈렌의 24시간 반수치사농도(24h-$LC_{50}$)을 구했으며, 아가미, 간, 신장, 근육내의 나프탈렌 농도를 분석하였다. 넙치 치어의 24h-$LC_{50}$은 Large 그룹에서 2410.76 ${\mu}g/L$, Small 그룹에서 2230.67 ${\mu}g/L$을 나타내었다. 각 조직에서의 나프탈렌 농도는 간 및 신장에서 아가미 및 근육보다 높았다.

• 분석과학
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.321-331
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• 1998

기체크로마토그래피/질량분석법(GC/MS)을 이용하여 물시료 중에 미량으로 함유된 19종의 여러고리방향족탄화수소류에 대한 액체-액체 추출법, disk추출법 및 고체상 추출법을 이용한 시료 매트릭스로부터 분리, 추출하는 방법을 조사하였다. GC/MS의 오븐온도프로그램을 $80{\sim}310^{\circ}C$까지 단계적으로 변화시킨 결과 19종의 PAH류를 분리할 수 있었다. 액체-액체 추출법에 의한 물시료 중 PAH류의 회수율은 71.3~109.5% 범위로 나타났고, filtration에 의한 $C_{18}$ disk추출법의 회수율은 80.7~94.9% 범위로 높게 나타났다. 그러나 $C_{18}$ Sep-Pak을 사용한 고체상 추출법의 회수율은 51.8~77.9%범위이었다. 이상의 추출법에 대한 추출 회수율, 재현성 및 실험의 편리성 등 장단점을 비교한 결과, $C_{18}$ disk를 사용한 거르기법이 PAH류의 추출에 가장 적합한 방법임을 확인하였다. 각 추출법의 검출한계(S/N=5)는 액체-액체 추출법 및 고체상 추출법의 경우 0.25~6.25 ppb, disk추출법은 0.05~1.25 ppb 범위이었다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.283-299
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• 2017

An analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence (FL) detection was developed for simultaneously analyzing 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 18 nitro-derivatives of PAHs (NPAHs). The two-dimensional HPLC system consists of an on-line clean-up and reduction for NPAHs in the 1st dimension, and separation of the PAHs and the reduced NPAHs and their FL detection in the 2nd dimension after column-switching. To identify an ideal clean-up column for removing sample matrix that may interfere with detection of the analytes, the characteristics of 8 reversed-phase columns were evaluated. The nitrophenylethyl (NPE)-bonded silica column was selected because of its shorter elution band and larger retention factors of the analytes due to strong dipole-dipole interactions. The amino-substituted PAHs (reduced NPAHs), PAHs and deuterated internal standards were separated on polymeric octadecyl-bonded silica (ODS) columns and by dual-channel detection within 120 min including clean-up and reduction steps. The limits of detection were 0.1-9.2 pg per injection for PAHs and 0.1-140 pg per injection for NPAHs. For validation, the method was applied to analyze crude extracts of fine particulate matter ($PM_{2.5}$) samples and achieved good analytical precision and accuracy. Moreover, the standard reference material (SRM1649b, urban dust) was analyzed by this method and the observed concentrations of PAHs and NPAHs were similar to those in previous reports. Thus, the method developed here-in has the potential to become a standard HPLC-based method, especially for NPAHs.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2003

Setschenow constants of six alkali and alkaline earth metal-based electrolytes (i.e., NaCl, KCl, CaCl$_2$, K$_2$SO$_4$, Na$_2$SO$_4$, NaClO$_4$) for three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (i.e., naphthalene, pyrene, and perylene) were investigated to evaluate the influence of a variety of inorganic salts on the aqueous solubility of PAHs. Inorganic salts showed a wide range of K$\_$s/ values (L/mol), ranging from 0.1108 (NaClO$_4$) to 0.6680 (Na$_2$SO$_4$) for naphthalene, 0.1071 (NaClO$_4$) to 0.7355 (Na$_2$SO$_4$) for pyrene, and 0.1526 (NaClO$_4$) to 0.8136 (Na$_2$SO$_4$) for perylene. In general, the salting out effect of metal cations decreased in the order of Ca$\^$2+/>Na$\^$+/>K$\^$+/. The effect of SO$_4$$\^$2-/>Cl$\^$-/>ClO4$\^$-/ was observed for anions of inorganic salts. The K$\_$s/ values decreased in the order of perylene>pyrene>naphthalene for K$_2$SO$_4$. However, the order of decreasing salting out effect for NaCl, KCl, CaCl$_2$, and NaClO$_4$ was perylene>naphthalene>pyrene. Hydration free energy of the 1:1 and 2:1 alkali and alkaline earth metal-based inorganic salts solution was observed to have a meaningful correlation with Setschenow constants. Thermodynamic interactions between PAH molecules and salt solution can be of importance in determining the magnitude of salting out effect for PAHs at a given salt solution.