• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.187-194
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• 1997

The effects of diet induced hyperlipidemia on kidney function were studied in Sprague-Dawley rats fed high fat diet containing 20% beef tallow and high cholesterol diet containing 5% cholesterol for 8, 12, 16 weeks, respectively. The concentrations of serum total lipid, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly high cholesterol diet groups during all experimental periods (p<0.05). HDL-cholesterol concentration was the lowest value in high cholesterol diet group of 16 weeks(p<0.05). Triglyceride concentration was not affected by experimental diets. Serum total protein, albumin and creatinine concentration tended to higher in high cholesterol diet groups than those in high fat diet groups. And serum urea-N concentration was higher in high fat diet group of 16 weeks than that in other diet groups. Urinary total protein and urea-N were higher in high cholesterol diet groups than those in other diet groups regardless of experimental period period. There was no significant difference in urinary creatinine concentratin among diet groups(p<0.05). GFR was lower in high cholesterol diet groups than that in high fat diet groups at 8, 16 weeks, respectively. Wet weight per body weight, total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol concentations of liver tissue were apparently high in high cholesterol diet groups(p<0.05). Kidney wet weight per body weight wer not affected by experimently diets, total lipid concentration of kidney tissue was significantly high in high fat diet groups of 12 weeks(p<0.05), kidney tissue triglyceride concentrations of high cholesterol diet groups of 12, 16 weeks apparently low, and total cholesterol concentration of kidney tissue was higher in experimental diet groups than that of control groups at 12, 16 weeks(p<0.05). Fecal excretion, total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations of feces were markedly high in all high cholesterol diet groups except high fat diet group of 16 weeks. The results of light microscopic examination indicated that glomerulosclerosis was not obsrved in rats fed experimental diets.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.146-164
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• 1980

In this paper it was attempted to observe the effect of defatted panax ginseng supplement of the growth rate, feed and protein efficiency ratios, and the contents of cholesterol, total lipid and protein in the serum, liver and aorta in Sprague-Dowley Albino male rat (weighing 83 ${\pm}$ 4 g). Seven kinds of experimental diets were prepared as follows : Stock (control) diet, ginseng control diets supplemented with 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0% of ginseng powder to the stock diet, and defatted ginseng Powder diets supplemented with 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0% of defatted ginseng powder to the stock diet. .All diets contained same level of lipid and protein, respectively. The results obtained are as follows : 1. The growth rate in the feeding group of 0.5% defatted ginseng powder diet for 16week were higher than other diet groups. 2. Feed and Protein efficiency in 0.5% defatted ginseng group showed similar tendency to that in body growth rate. 3. The total cholesterol contents in the serum of 0.5% defatted ginseng Powder diet$.$ group showed the tendency to decrease gradually for 4 to 12 weeks, maintaining higher level than other groups. The free cholesterol contents in the serum of defatted ginseng powder diet group in 8 the and 16th weeks were higher than all ginseng control diet group. The total and free cholesterol contents in the liver of all defatted ginseng diet groups in 16th week were higher than hose of all ginseng control groups. The total cholesterol content at 12h week and the free cholesterol content at 16th week i n the aorta of all defatted ginseng diet groups were lower than those of ginseng control groups, respectively. 4. The total lipid contents in the serum of 1.0 and 3.0% defatted ginseng diet groups at 2nd to I2th weeks were lower than other groups, and those in the liver and aorta of all defatted ginseng diet groups at 12th weeks were lower than those of ginseng control diet groups. 5. The protein contents of the serum and aorta were continuously increased throughout whole experimental period in all experimental groups. The protein content of the liver of all groups were decreased at 2nd week and after then no change was observed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1093-1096
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• 2016

The tumor suppressor p16 is a biomarker for transforming human papilloma virus (HPV) infections that can lead to contradictory results in skin carcinomas. The aim of this study was to evaluate p16 expression and HPV-16 infection in the cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This case-control study was performed on paraffin blocks of BCCs and SCCs and normal skin (53, 36, and 44 cases, respectively), between 2006 to 2015. Initial sections for groups were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E). Immunohistochemistry was performed for p16 expression and human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV-16) infection. Normal group was skin of mammoplasty specimens and normal skin tissue in the periphery of tumors. The mean age at diagnosis was 42.1, 61.7 and 71.4 years for normal, BCC and SCC groups, respectively. P16 positivity was more in SCC and BCC groups compared to normal group (P<0.05) and HPV was negative in all patients in three groups. Also, the mean age at diagnosis and P16-positivity were higher for the SCC group than the BCC group (P<0.005). In conclusion, in non-melanoma skin cancers (SCC and BCC), p16-positivity can be a prognostic factor but there is no correlation between HPV-16 and p16 in these tumors.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the effects of silkworm(Bombyx moril L.) powder on oxidative stress and membrane fluidity in brain membranes of rats. Sprague-Dawley(SD) male rats(160$\pm$10 g) were fed basic diet(control group), and experimental diets(SWP-200 and SWP-400 groups) added 200 and 400mg/kg BW/day for 6 weeks. There were no significant differences in cholesterol levels of brain memberanes by administration of silkworm powder (SWP). Membrane fluidities were significantly increased(21.5% and 30.8%, respectively) in brain mitochondria of SWP-200 and SWP-400 groups compared with control group, but significant difference between brain microsomes could not obtained. Basal oxygen radicals (BORs) in brain mitochondria and mircrosomes were significantly inhibited(8.5% and 16.5%, 16.8%and 24.8%, respectively) by SWP-200 and SEP-400 groups compared with control group. Induced oxygen radicals(IORs) in brain mitochondria were significantly inhibited(16.6% and 21.4%, respectively)by sWP-200 and SWP-400 groups compared with control group, but IOR in brain microsome were significantly inhibited about 16.0% by SWP-400 groups only compared with control group. Lipid peroxide(LPO) levels were significantly decreaed(14.8%and 22.4%, respectively) in brain mitochondria of SWP-200 and SWP-400 groups compared with control group, but LPO level was significantly decreased about 16.0% in brain microsome of SWP-400 group only. Oxidized protein(OP) levels were remarkably decreased(about 14.8% and 16.5%, respectively) in brain mitochondria of SWP-200 and SWP-400 groups, but OP level was significantly decreased about 13.0% in brain microsome of SWP-400 group only compared with control group, Theses results suggest that administration of in brain microsome of SWP-400 group only compared with control group. These results suggest that administration of SWP may play effective role in attenuating an oxidative stress and increasing a membrane fluidity in brain membranes.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.783-788
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the optimal CP level in growing goat kids. Forty male goats were divided into four treatment groups fed diets containing CP 12, 14, 16, and 18% of concentrate feed, and rice straw, respectively. Results are summarized as follows. Average daily gain’s(ADG) of groups fed diets with CP 14% and CP 18% were 84.0 and 83.0g/d each, which were higher than group fed diets with CP 12% grown at 69.2g of ADG(P<0.05). Daily feed intakes of concentrate and rice straw were 590g and 45g each and there was no difference found between treatments. The amounts of feed required for body weight gain(g) were similar in the range of 7.0-7.3 for groups fed diets with CP 14%, 16% or 18%. But the group fed diets with CP 12% required somewhat more feed for gain at 8.8g. Dressing percentage of groups fed diet with CP 12% was 61.7%, which was higher than groups fed diets with CP 14% or CP 18%(P<0.05) but similar to that fed diet with CP 16%. Meat percentage from goats fed diet with CP 16% was 51.7%, which were higher than goats fed diets with CP 12% or CP 14%(P<0.05). Fat deposition of CP 12% group was higher than the other groups(P<0.05). Percentage of bone weight averaged 17.0% without any difference among treatment groups. Shear force and cooking loss, which are physical properties of goat meats, were lower in CP 16% and CP 14% groups than the other two groups. Water holding capacity of goats meats from CP 16% was higher than those from CP 18% group(P<0.05). Results from panel test showed that juiciness of meats from CP 16% group was higher than those from CP 12% group(P<0.05). Meats from CP 16% also was tested to be more tender than meats from the other groups. Results from this work suggest that the optimum crude protein level in growing goat's concentrate is 14-16% and that increase above this level seems not to improve meat production.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.229-237
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• 1989

The effects of ethanol and dietary protein levels on the calcium and phosphorus metabolism were investigated in 15-week-old male rats. Rats were divided into 4 groups ; control group(16% protein, 16 PC) and 8%(8 PE), 16%(16 PE), and 24% protein groups (24 PE) to which was given 5% ethanol mixed with their drinking water. Body weigh gain, organ weight, hemoglobin content, and hematocrit value were not affected by either ethanol or dietary protein levels. Calcium concentrations in spleen were significantly decreased in the ethanol groups than those in control group. Calcium and Phosphorus levels in femur, serum, liver, kidney, and muscle were normal. Among ethanol treated groups, fecal excretions of calcium were a little more decreased, but urinary excretions, balances and apparent absorption rate of calcium were a little more increased in higher percentage of protein group than lower percentage. Urinary phosphorus excretions in the ethanol treated groups were significantly decreased compared with the control group. Among ethanol treated groups, phosphorus balance and apparent phosphorus absorption rate of 24 PE group were significantly higher than those of 8 PE and 16 PE groups.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.149-157
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• 2023

Phytoplasmas were discovered in diseased Elaeocarpus sylvestris trees growing on Jeju Island that showed symptoms of yellowing and darkening in the leaves. Leaf samples from 14 symptomatic plants in Jeju-si and Seogwipo-si were collected and phytoplasma 16S rRNA was successfully amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction using universal primers. The sequence analysis detected two phytoplasmas, which showed 99.5% identity to 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris' and 'Ca. P. malaysianum' affiliated to 16SrI and 16SrXXXII groups, respectively. Through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses using the AfaI (RsaI) restriction enzyme, the presence of two phytoplasmas strains as well as cases of mixed infection of these strains was detected. In a virtual RFLP analysis with 17 restriction enzymes, the 16S rRNA sequence of the 'Ca. P. asteris' strain was found to match the pattern of the 16SrI-B subgroup. In addition, the phytoplasmas in the mixed-infection cases could be distinguished using specific primer sets. In conclusion, this study confirmed mixed infection of two phytoplasmas in one E. sylvestris plant, and also the presence of two phytoplasmas (of the 16SrI and 16SrXXXII groups) in Jeju Island (Republic of Korea).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.291-301
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• 2004

We studied the effects of soy isoflavones supplementation with exercise on bone mineral density and the urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline as an index of bone resorption rates in postmenopausal women. A total of 67 postmen-opausal women were assigned to Isoflavone (90 mg/day) or placebo groups. These group were further divided into groups that undergone a regular exercise or a rather sedentary state performing daily activity only. Four groups were Placebo-control group (n = 16), Placebo-exercise group (n = 16), Isoflavone-sedentary group (n = 19) and Isofla-vone-exercise group (n = 16). After the intervention, we compared anthropometric mesurement, dietary recall, bone mineral density (femoral neck, lumbar spine), urinary deoxypyridinoline between the groups and between the pre and post studies. There were no significant differences between the four groups in terms of average age, height, weight, period after menopause at the baseline. The average age of the subjects were 55.2 yrs, average height, weight, period after menopause were 154.7 cm, 59.3 kg, 5.58 yrs, respectively. After eight week intervention period, there were no significant differences between the four groups in bone mineral density, but urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion was significantly decreased both in Isoflavone-sedentary and Isoflavone-Exercise groups. These results suggest that Isofla-vone supplementation alone or with exercise may be preventive measures through the decrease of bone reabsorption rate in post-menopausal subjects. Whereas exercise alone did not appear to be an effective measure in bone loss with these subjects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.48-60
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to analyze the pattern of human developmental growth with empirical anthropometric data for clothing construction. The sample was drawn randomly out of senior high school boys and girls in seoul urban area. The sample size was 424 boys and 301 girls between age 16 and 18. Dependent variables of this study were modified after extraction of common variables from raw data. 42 dependent variables were analyzed by the method of Duncan Test as Multiple Range Test among three age groups and T-Test between male and female of same age groups. The analysis of these data was carried with spss-x package by the computer installed in INHA University. The major findings can be summarized as follows. 1. In Duncan Test, female students between age 16 and 18 were not significantly different in the majority of dependent variables, but girth measurements and weight of 17 and 18 age groups were significantly different from that of 16 age groups. 2. In Duncan Test, male students were significantly different in the majority of the dependent variables, especially 33 variabls from 42 variables, among three age groups. 3. In T-Test, hip girth was only not significantly different between male and female and neck girth of the female students was only significantly larger than that of the male students.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.860-865
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the baking characteristics of yellow layer cake containing chlorella powder. Chlorella at concentrations of 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16%(w/w) wheat powder were added, after which we evaluated the baking characteristics, physical properties, and sensory properties of the resulting cakes. Regarding the weight and volume of the cakes, the treatment groups were similar. However, control showed a high hardness value while 16% chlorella added cake showed a significantly low value. The 4% and 8% chlorella added groups maintained their structural condition while the 12% and 16% chlorella added groups were softer depending on the protein content of the flour, Lightness(L value) and yellowness(b value) of the cake crumbs became lower depending on the concentration of chlorella, whereas redness(a value) decreased. In the sensory test, the acceptability scores of the 12% and 16% chlorella added groups were lower compared to control while the 4% and 8% chlorella added groups had higher scores. Therefore, chlorella powder added yellow layer cake exhibited more functionality as well as higher quality.