• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 1998.03a
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• pp.153-156
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• 1998

JPEG은 정지 영상의 압축 표준으로 8$\times$8 블록을 기반으로 DCT 변환을 한 후 양자화 및 엔트로피 부호화 과정을 통해 압축이 이루어진다. DCT는 이미지를 공간 영역에서 주파수 영역으로 변환하는 기법으로 대체로 저주파 성분은 저주파 성분끼리, 고주파 성분은 고주파 성분끼리 모아준다. 이러한 형태는 필요 없는 성분들을 쉽게 제거할 수 있어 압축이 효율적으로 이루어지도록 한다. 블록 기반의 압축 기법을 적용할 때 흔히 나타나는 문제점은 블록 기반으로 인해 발생하는 블？킹 현상으로서 이는 양자화로 인한 정보의 손실에서 비롯되며 그 기본이 되는 8$\times$8 블록 단위로 나타난다. 본 연구세어서는 작은 블록 단위를 16$\times$16의 매크로블록으로 확대한 개념을 이용하여 매크로 블록 내의 수직 및 수평 방향으로 1:2단위로 샘플링한 4개의 8$\times$8블록 간의 블록킹 경계로 없애 주도록 하고자 한다. 또한 16$\times$16의 DCT 블록 대신 16$\times$16 블록내의 8$\times$8 블록들을 이용함으로써 표준 기법에서 이용되는 8$\times$8 단위의 양자화 테이블이나 RLE기법 등을 그대로 적용할 수 있다.

• The Magazine of the IEIE
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• v.32 no.6 s.253
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• pp.43-51
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• 2005

시속 60 km/hour의 시내 주행 속도로 이동하면서도 언제 어디서나 인터넷 서비스를 제공받을 수 있는 휴대인터넷 서비스는 정보통신부 IT839 전략의 일환으로 추진되고 있다. 휴대인터넷 서비스는 2003년부터 HPi (High-speed Portable Internet) 라는 프로젝트 명으로 한국전자통신연구원, 주요 제조업체 및 사업자를 중심으로 규격 및 시스템이 개발되고 있으며 운용 주파수 대역은 2300$\~$2400 MHz of고 TDD (Time Division Duplex), OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) 방식을 사용한다. 휴대인터넷과 관련된 표준화 기구로는 IEEE 802.16 및 TTA PG302가 있다. 휴대인터넷 서비스 제공을 위한 국내 규격은 IEEE 802.16 표준과의 호환성이 완벽하게 유지되어야 한다. IEEE 802.16 표준은 성격상 프로파일 설정에 따라 다양한 형태의 시스템 형상이 가능하다. 따라서 TTA PG302에서 규정되는 표준은 IEEE 802.16 표준의 완전한 부분집합으로 정의되고 PG302 표준화 활동은 규격 작업과 더불어 시스템 형상 및 성능 검증을 위한 프로파일 및 컨포먼스 테스트를 위한 작업이 포함된다. 본고에서는 휴대인터넷과 관련된 IEEE 802.16 표준화 동향을 소개하고 향후 방향을 전망해 본다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.07g
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• pp.2480-2482
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• 1998

In this paper, the implementation of dual rate ADPCM using G.723 16Kbps and 40Kbps speech codec algorithm is handled. For small signals, the low rate 16Kbps coding algorithm shows the same SNR as the high rate 40Kbps coding algorithm, while the low rate 16Kbps coding algorithm shows the lower SNR than the high rate 40Kbps coding algorithm for large signal. To obtain the good trade-off between the data rate and synthesized speech quality, we applied low rate 16Kbps for the small signal and high rate 40Kbps for the large signal. Various threshold values determining the rate are tested for good trade off data rate and speech quality. Also the low pass filter effect of speech input and output devices is simulated at several cut-off frequencies. To simulation result shows the good speech quality at a low rate comparing with 16Kbps & 40Kbps.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.211-216
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• 2007

Objective : This study is designed to find out the effects of indirect moxibustion at Geogol (LI16) on the shoulder pain. Methods : The patients were hospitalized Donghwa oriental medical clinic from 19th Sep. 2006 to 4th Oct. 2006, and treated with indirect moxibution at Geogol (LI16) on the shoulder pain. Results : 1. The effects of treatment by duration was follow : Below 1 month duration was improved highly. 2. The effects of treatment by condition of patients was follow : After treatment, the percentage of above "Good" level was 81%. 3. The effects of treatment by pain region of Meridian part. was follow : pain region of LI(手陽明大腸經) Meridian part was improved highly. Conclusion : According to the results, indirect moxibustion at Geogol (LI16) may be good effects on the shoulder pain.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.111-112
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• 2007

IEEE 802.16j의 목적은 기존의 IEEE 802.16e에 중계기를 도입하여 커버리지 확장과 데이터 처리율 향상에 있다. IEEE 802.16j시스템에서 두 개 이상의 중계기를 상호 협조적으로 사용함으로써 공간 다이버시티 이득을 얻을 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 상호 협조 중계 방식을 사용하는 IEEE 802.16j의 성능을 링크 레벨 모의 실험을 통해 구하고, 그 방식이 기존의 단일 중계 방식보다 우수한 성능을 가짐을 보인다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.373-374
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• 2007

The amorphous silicon microbolometer array has been developed by the MEMS design and fabrication technology. Before the bolometer array for the image sensor being designed, the structure of unit cel I and 16x16 array of it was simulated, designed and fabricated. The properties of bolometer have been measured as such that the TCR and thermal time constant can be achieved -2 %/K and 1.4 msec respectively.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.1223-1231
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• 2021

Regulator of G protein signaling 16 (RGS16) is known to be associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). PCV2 associated disease (PCVAD) is a serious problem in the swine industry. The representative symptoms of PCVAD are high viral titer proliferation and decreased average daily gain. In this study, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the RGS16 region, including the upstream region. Of the 22 identified SNPs, rs332913874, rs326071195, and rs318298586 were genotyped in 142 Yorkshire pigs. These SNPs were significantly associated with the PCV2 viral load. Moreover, the haplotype combination was also related to the PCV2 viral load. The haplotype and diplotype analysis also had a significant difference with the PCV2 viral load. Taken together, our results suggest that RGS16 SNPs considerably affect the PCV2 viral load.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.1230-1232
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 공용 주파수 대역에서 IEEE 802.11 WLAN과 IEEE 802.16 WMAN과의 효율적인 공존을 위한 MAC 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안한 프로토콜은 IEEE 802.11 WLAN과 IEEE 802.16 WMAN이 주파수를 공유하며 지리적으로 공존하는 환경을 가정하였다. IEEE 802.16 WMAN의 BS(Base station)와 SS(Subscriber station)의 통신에서 DL(Down Link)구간에서는 SS가 자신의 DL-burst에서 IEEE 802.11의 CTS를 보내 주변의 IEEE 802.11 디바이스들의 통신을 지연시킴으로써 IEEE 802.11 WLAN 및 IEEE 802.16 WMAN이 공존하면서도 충돌을 방지해 전송 효율을 높일 수 있다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 MAC 프로토콜의 동작에 대해 설명하고 시뮬레이션을 통해 기존 방법보다 향상된 성능을 유지함을 보인다.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 1984

The extracted hagfish (Eptatretus burgeri) flesh lipid was separated into following fractions by column chromatography on Bio-beads SX-2 and Sephadex LH-20 prior to gab chromatographic analysis of their fatty acid compositions: polar lipid, triglyceride and free fatty acid. The major fatty acids of total lipid and triglyceride in hagfish were $C_{16:0},\;C_{16:1},\;and\;C_{18:1}$. The ratio of $C_{18:0}/C_{18:1}$ in the total lipid and triglyceride of hagfish was 0.1. The polar lipid of the hagfish muscle was mainly composed of phosphatidyl choline ($65.5\%$) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine ($28.0\%$). The triglyceride obtained was fractionated into four fractions by HPLC on the basis of partition numbers. Both the fatty acid composition and triglyceride composition on the basis of the total carbon number in the acyl chains of the triglyceride were analysed by the GLC. From the information obtained on triglyceride compositions based on the total carbon number by GLC and the partition number by HPLC and fatty acid composition by GLC, the combination of fatty acid in each triglycerides was estimated. A computer was used for estimation of the fatty acid combination in the triglyceride because hagfish lipid triglyceride was composed of various kinds of fatty acids. Fortyfour kinds of triglyceride were estimated. The major triglycerides in hagfish flesh lipid were found to those of ($1{\times}C_{16:0},\;2{\times}C_{18:1};\;13.5\%$), ($1{\times}C_{16:0},\;1{\times}C_{18:0},\;1{\times}C_{18:1};\;7.2\%$), ($1{\times}C_{16:1},\;2{\times}C_{18:1};\;5.4\%$), ($2{\times}C_{16:0},\;1{\times}C_{22:5};\;5.2\%$), ($1{\times}C_{14:0},\;2{\times}C_{18:1};\;4.5\%$), ($2{\times}C_{18:1},\;1{\times}C_{22:5};\;3.6\%$), ($1{\times}C_{14:0},\;1{\times}C_{18:0},\;1{\times}C_{18:1};\;2.7\%$) and ($1{\times}C_{14:0},\;1{\times}C_{16:0},\;1{\times}C_{18:2};\;2.2\%$).

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.160-170
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• 2006

Background : The aberrant promoter hypermethylation of p16INK4a, as a tumor suppressor gene, is contributory factor to non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). However, its potential diagnostic impact of lung cancer is unclear. This study measured the level of $p16^{INK4a}$ promoter hypermethylation in the sputum and blood, and compared this with the level measured in the tissue obtained from NSCLC and pulmonary inflammation. Methods : Of the patients who visited the Our Lady of Mercy Hospital in Incheon, Korea for an evaluation of a lung mass and underwent blood, sputum, and tissue tests, 23patients (18 NSCLC, 5 pulmonary inflammation) were enrolled in this study. DNA was extracted from each sample and the level of p16INK4amethylation was determined using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Results : $p16^{INK4a}$ methylation of the blood was observed in 88.9% (16 of 18) and 20.0% (1 of 5) of NSCLC and from pulmonary inflammation samples, respectively (P=0.008). Methylation of the sputum was observed in 83.3% (10 of 12) 80.0% (4 of 5) of NSCLC and pulmonary inflammation samples, respectively (P=1.00). Among the 8 NSCLC tissue samples, methylation changes were detected in 75.0% of samples (6 cases). Four out of seven tissue samples (57.1%) showed concordance, being methylated in both the blood and sputum. Conclusions : There was a higher level of $p16^{INK4a}$ methylation of the blood from NSCLC patients than from pulmonary inflammation. The tissue showed a high concordance with the blood in the NSCLC samples. These findings suggest that $p16^{INK4a}$ promoter hypermethylation of the blood can used to discriminate between NSCLC and pulmonary inflammation.