• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2015

In bidding processes conducted by government agencies, local governments or public agencies, budget prices are critical to both ordering bodies and bidders since budget prices are bases for selecting a successful bidder. Since a high budget price goes against ordering bodies and a low one goes against bidders, most ordering bodies adopt a system using multiple preliminary prices for determining a budget price to ensure fair and transparent manners. Discussed are how budget prices change depending on the methods of sampling 15 preliminary prices and the methods of sampling 4 out of 15 prices. Computer simulation is conducted to analyze budget prices for various methods to determine multiple preliminary prices. It is more likely for budget prices to be close to base prices when splitting a range of generating preliminary prices into 15 intervals and taking 4 preliminary prices from 15 intervals than when taking 4 preliminary prices from a whole range. In cases when splitting a range of generating preliminary prices, if we take 2 preliminary prices out of intervals above 100% and take 2 out of intervals below 100%, the expected budget prices are equal to a base price and the standard deviations are about half in comparison with those when taking 4 out of 15 intervals.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.8A
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• pp.656-663
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• 2005

This paper presents a multi-channel enhancement scheme for the MAC protocol of IEEE 802.15.3 High-rate WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network). The current MAC protocol of the IEEE 802.15.3 High-rate WPAN is designed for sharing a single channel among DEVs of a piconet; that is, within a single piconet, PNC prevents interference through MAC layer assignment of time slots to other DEVs using time-division multiple access. When the number of DEVs that communicate with each other frequently, is increased in a single WPAN, the size of the superframe becomes inevitably large, and this may result in a significant throughput drop or a failure to provide QoS guarantee. A multi-channel enhancement scheme for the MAC protocol of IEEE 802.15.3 High-rate WPAN is proposed to significantly increase the aguegate throughput and more reliably provide the QoS guarantees in a piconet

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1491-1495
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• 2004

Small Tail Han Sheep has significant characteristics of high prolificacy and non-seasonal ovulatory activity and is an excellent local sheep breed in P. R. China. Recently a novel member of the transforming growth factor $\beta$ (TGF$\beta$) superfamily termed bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) was shown to be specifically expressed in oocytes and to be essential for female fertility. Therefore, BMP15 is a candidate gene for reproductive performance of Small Tail Han Sheep. The whole genomic nucleotide sequence of BMP15 gene in Small Tail Han Sheep was searched for polymorphisms by PCR-SSCP and direct sequencing, and only one polymorphism was found. The polymorphism was a result of a 3 base pair deletion, which eliminated a single Leu codon (CTT). The allelic frequencies for A (without deletion) and B (with a codon deletion) are 0.73 and 0.27 respectively. The effects of BMP15 genotype on litter size were evaluated using the least squares model. This indicated that there was a significant association between litter size of Small Tail Han Sheep and a deletion in BMP15 gene (p=0.02<0.05). Small Tail Han Sheep ewes with AA and AB genotype produce on average 0.5 and 0.3 more lambs per litter than those ewes with BB genotype.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to analyze the effects of carrying weight on the gait of elderly women using a walking-assistant vehicle (WAV) as the weight increased. METHODS: A total of 30 elderly women living in the local community were included as subjects and instructed to walk 50 m using a WAV loaded with sandbags corresponding to 0%, 5%, 10%, or 15% of their mean weight. The subjects' gait was analyzed using a gait analyzer to measure stride length, step length, step width, and gait time. RESULTS: Stride and step lengths were longest when carrying 5% of their weight and shortest when carrying 15% of their mean body weight. Step width and gait time were lowest when carrying weights corresponding to 5% and highest for 15% of their mean body weight. When observing gait with a WAV, the gait time was greatly affected by weights, with carrying weight equivalent to 5% of the body weight positively affected the gait with a WAV, whereas carrying weights of >15% resulted in slower gait speed. CONCLUSION: When walking with a WAV, an appropriate carrying weight of approximately 5% of the body weight stabilizes gait, while a weight of 15% leads decreased gait efficiency. Therefore, when using a WAV during outdoor activities, elderly women should add some weight to the WAV; however, the carrying weight should be <15% of the body weight.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.224-228
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• 1995

0.15(B $a_{0.95}$ S $r_{0.05}$)O-0.15S $m_{2}$ $O_{3}$-0.7Ti $O_{2}$ ceramics were fabricated by the mixed-oxide method. Microwave dielectric properties were investigated with sintering conditions. Increasing the sintering temperature from 1300 to 1375[.deg. C], the sintered density was increased from 5.44 to 5.63[g/c $m^{3$]. Increasing the sintering temperature, dielectric constant and quality factor were increased and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency was independent of sintering temperature. In the specimen sintered at 1375[.deg. C], dielectric constant, quality factor and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency were 80.79, 2784(at 3[GHz]), +11.07[ppm/.deg. C], respectively..

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.231-231
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• 2009

In this work, we prepared the Ni-loaded porous SBA-15 (SBA-15) by a depositionprecipitation (D-P) method, in order to enhance the hydrogen storage capacity. The structure and morphology of the Ni/SBA-15 were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM). The results showed that, at the Ni loading used at the DP times in the range of 0-120 min, SBA-15 preserved the well-ordered hexagonal porous arrangement. The textural properties of the Ni/SBA-15 were analyzed using N2 adsorption isotherms at 77 K. Specific surface area and mesopore volume of the samples were determined from the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) equation and Barrett-Joiner-Halenda (BJH) method, respectively. The hydrogen storage capacity of the Ni/SBA-15 was evaluated at 298 K/10 MPa. The hydrogen storage capacity of the Ni/SBA-15 was increased in accordance with Ni content. Consequently, it was found that the presence of Ni on mesoporous SBA-15 created hydrogen-favorable sites which enhanced the hydrogen storage capacity by spillover effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.97-110
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• 2011

In this study, the characteristics of body type of Chinese-korean Women between 15 and 17 Years Old Living in China were reviewed by analysing factors and groups in order to provide basic data required to research body types. The following are study results. 1. The study examined average, standard deviation, the minimum value and the maximum value of the 72 items gained from measuring Chinese-korean women between 15~17 years old living in China, and found that 21 items showed more than 4.0 standard deviation among the entire measurements. 2. The current study conducted a factor analysis for the 72 items in order to extract and compare components of body types among Chinese-korean women between 15~17 years old living in China. As a result, 9 factors were extracted, and characteristic values were ranged from 1.15 to 24.71 while the accumulated contributory rate was 75.98%. 3. Chinese-korean women between 15 and 17 years old living in China were classified into three types. Among the 72 items, it was observed that there were differences among groups in 64 items including 15 height items, 10 width items, 16 circumference items, 5 thickness items, 17 length items and weight, excluding neck width, head thickness, shoulder angle, head height, face length, waist back length, scye depth and waist to kip length. 4. As a result of proportion comparison using body indexes of Korean women between 15 and 17 years old living in China and Korea, it was found that, in height item, when regarding the height as 100, Korean women between 15 and 17 years old living in China tended to have longer lower half of the body in relation to the height compared to the Korean.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.513-518
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• 2000

It has been acknowledged that fertilizer, natural soil nitrogen and animal waste, municipal waste have different mass ratio of nitrogen which is presented as a symbol of $\delta^{15}$N. and that the values of $\delta^{15}$N for fertilizer and natural soil nitrogen and animal waste are placed less than +5$\textperthousand$ and higher than +10$\textperthousand$, respectively. thus, Nitrogen pollution sources and contribution can be interpreted in watershed through $\delta^{15}$N analysis and then, analysis is performed with Kjeldhl-Dumas method. In this study, The values of $\delta^{15}$N are between +1.46$\textperthousand$ and +8.97$\textperthousand$, and the nitrate concentration is placed less than 3.31mg/L and higher than 0.19mg/L, respectively. Thus, this watershed is noncontamination area at the present time. But as a result of $\delta^{15}$N, contribution of natural soil nitrogen be discovered in this watershed, presently.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.182-187
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• 2004

Strain NR $15-1^T$ isolated from traditional Korean Nuruk is described as a new species and named as Aspergillus coreanus NR $15-1^T$ sp. novo Strain NR $15-1^T$ grew rapidly to form yellow-green colonies whose surfaces were velvety on Czapek solution agar. Conidial heads were yellow to light and elliptical, whereas the conidiophore was colorless and typically long. In addition, vesicles were from flask-shaped to globose, and sterigmata are uniseriate. Conidia were spherical and deep yellow-green, and their surfaces were lightly roughened. The G＋C content of strain NR $15-1^T$ was 51 mol% and strain NR $15-1^T$contained a dihydrogenated ubiquinone with Q9 (94.9%) as a major quinone. The nucleotide sequences of strain NR $15-1^T$ in the two Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS 1 and 2) and 5.8S rDNA showed highest similarity when compared with that of A. tubingensis and A. phoenicis NRRL $365^T$. However, based on morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, this strain was different from A. tubingensis and A. phoenicis NRRL $365^T$. On the basis of the data presented, it is proposed that strain NR $15-1^T$ should be placed in the genus Aspergillus as a new species, Aspergillus coreanus sp. novo Therefore, the type strain of the new species is strain NR $15-1^T$ (=KCTC 18075P^T,=KCCM 80006^T$.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.985-990
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• 2009

Fatty acid composition, protein content, and shape change of Listeria monocytogenes treated with ethanol extracts from Schizandra chinensis were examined. Transmission electron micrography of cells treated with ethanolic S. chinensis extracts showed development of morphological changes. Cell surfaces were irregular, swollen, or even disrupted after treatment with ethanol extracts, compared with the smooth surfaces of normal cells. Interestingly, cell protein content was decreased by ethanol extract treatment. Cell fatty acid composition was also changed after treatment with ethanol extracts. The levels of 13-methylpentadecanoic acid (i-15:0), 12-methylpentadecanoic acid (a-15:0) and 15-methylpentadecanoic acid (i-17:0) of L. monocytogenes Scott A and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19111 were decreased, but the concentrations of Cis-9,12 octadecanoic acid ($18:2^{9,12}$) and cis-9-octadecanoic acid ($18:1^9$) were increased. 13-methylpentadecanoic acid (i-15:0) and 12-methylpentadecanoic acid (a-15:0) levels in L. monocytogenes Brie I were decreased but the concentrations of Cis-9,12 octadecanoic acid ($18:2^{9,12}$) and cis-9-octadecanoic acid ($18:1^9$) were increased after treatment with ethanolic extracts. Notably, the levels of 12-methylpentadecanoic acid (a-15:0) significantly were decreased but those of cis-9,12 octadecanoic acid ($18:2^{9,12}$) significantly were increased in all tested microorganisms.