• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.241-251
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of electroacupuncture at GB14, on brain activity assessed on an electroencephalogram(EEG). Methods : (1) Thirty-four healthy participants were randomly divided into two groups, receiving either real acupuncture or non-penetrating sham acupuncture at GB14. (2) EEG measurements were conducted simultaneously before and after a 5-minute electroacupuncture stimulation, and the differences in the resulting EEG parameters were compared between the test and control groups. Results : (1) Absolute power increased significantly in the theta-wave channel of the occipital region and in the entire alpha-wave channel. (2) Relative power decreased significantly in the theta-wave channels of the frontal and occipital regions. (3) Coherence decreased significantly in the theta- and beta-wave channels of the parietal and occipital regions, and increased significantly in the alpha-wave channels of most areas. Conclusions : This study shows that electroacupuncture stimulation at GB14 activates the alpha frequency band in particular.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.2311-2315
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• 2011

Alumina supported polyphosphoric acid (PPA/$Al_2O_3$) was successfully prepared by impregnation of alumina support by polyphosphoric acid and characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, the $N_2$ adsorption/desorption analysis (BET), thermal analysis (TG/DTG), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The catalytic behavior of this new solid acid supported heterogeneous catalyst was checked in the synthesis of 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo[a, j]xanthenes by cyclocondensation reaction of ${\beta}$-naphthol and aryl aldehydes under solvent-free conditions. The results showed that the novel catalyst has high activity and the desired products were obtained in very short reaction times with high yields. Moreover, the catalyst can be easily recovered by filtration and reused at least three times with only slight reduction in its catalytic activity.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.366-371
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• 2013

Seventeen compounds (1 - 17), ${\beta}$-sitosterone (1), lupenone (2), arborinone (3), ${\beta}$-sitosterol (4), lupeol (5), epi-lupeol (6), taraxerol (7), betulinic acid (8), 24R-methyllophenol (9), germanicol (10), hexatriacontane (11), nonacosan-1-ol (12), benzoic acid (13), tetradecyl(E)-ferulate (14), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (15), trilinolein (16) and monopalmitin (17), were isolated from the methylene chloride-soluble fraction of the cork of Euonymus alatus Sieb. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Compounds 6, 11, 13 and 14 were isolated for the first time from this plant. Compound 4 showed moderate cytotoxic activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of 6.22 ${\mu}M$ in HL-60 cell line. Compound 9 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity with $IC_{50}$ values of 63.31, 15.45, 15.14 and 21.72 ${\mu}M$ in four kinds of human cancer cell lines, Jurkat T, HeLa, HL-60 and MCF-7, respectively. Compound 17 showed moderate cytotoxic activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of 70.71 ${\mu}M$ in Jurkat T cell line. In addition, compounds 2, 3, 14 and 16 exhibited weak antioxidant activity with $IC_{50}$ values of 151.76, 170.79, 137.46 and 139.37 ${\mu}M$, respectively.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 1998

목적 : 임상에서 발생빈도가 높은 위선암, 폐선암, 망막세포종, 자궁경부 편평상피암의 4가지 인 체암세포주(MKN-45, PC-14, Y-79, HeL)를 이용하여 방사선조사후 세포생존분획 및 세포생존곡선의 모양을 결정하는 지표를 구하고 방사선조사후 손상 회복정도를 측정하여 이들 여러 지표간의 상관관계 여부를 구명하기 위하여 본실험을 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 :각 세포주의 방사선감수성을 보기 위하여 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 및 10Gy의 방사선을 1 회 조사하였고 방사선조사후 준치사손상 회복정도를 보기 위하여 5Gy씩 2회의 방사선조사를 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 및 24시간 간격으로 시행하였다. 세포의 생존분획은 $Sperman-K\"{a}rbor$ 방법으로 세포집락형성능력을 측정하여 산출하였으며 생존곡선의 수학적 분석은 linear-quadratic(LQ), multitarget-single hit(MS) 모형과 mean inactivation $dose(\v{D})$를 이용하였다. 결과 : 방사선조사후의 세포생존 실험결과 2Gy에서의 세포생존분획(SF2)은 0.174에서 0.85까지 다양하게 나타났으며 Y-79는 유의하게 낮은 SF2를, PC-14는 높은 SF2를 나타내었다(p<0.05, t-test). LQ model로 분석한 방사선 세포생존곡선의 분석결과 Y-79, MKN-45, HeLa, PC-14에서 ${\alpha}$가 각각 0.603, 0.355, 0.275, 0.102이었고 ${\beta}$는 각각 0.005, 0.016, 0.025, 0.027이었다. MS model로 분석한 결과는 Y-79, MKN-45, HeLa, PC-14에서 Do가 각각 1.59, 1.84, 1.88, 2.52였고 n은 0.97, 1.46, 1.52, 1.69를 보였다. 한편 Gauss-Laguerre방법으로 계산한 $\v{D}$는 Y-79, MKN-45, HeLa, PC-14에서 각각 1.62, 2.37, 2.61, 3.95였다. SF2가 감소함에 따라 ${\alpha}$값은 증가하였고 Do, $\v{D}$값은 감소하였으며 이들간의 Pearson 상관계수는 각각 0.953, 0.993, 0.999였다. (p<0.05). 분할조사에 의한 준치사손상 회복정도는 약 4시간 내외에 포화상태에 도달하였으며 포화상태의 recovery ratio(RR)는 2에서 3.79 사이였다. RR은 방사선감수성의 지표인 SF2, ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$, Do, $\v{D}$과 통계학적으로 유의한 상관관계를 나타내지 않았다. 결론 : 본 연구의 결과 네가지 인체상피암세포주의 내재적 발사선감수성은 서로 상이하였으며 Y-79가 가장 민감하였고, MKN-45와 HeLa는 각각 중등도의 방사선감수성을 나타냈으며 PC-14는 방사선감수성이 가장 낮았다. 이와같은 감수성의 차이는 SF2, ${\alpha}$, Do와 $\v{D}$의 차이로 나타났으며 띠들간에는 밀접한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 방사선에 의한 준치사손상 회복력은 MKN-45와 HeLa에서 높게 나타났고 회복력과 방사선감수성과는 무관하였다. 각 암세포주에 따르는 이와같은 지표들은 향후 방사선치료 효과를 높이기 위한 방사선생물학 실험의 기초 자료로서 이용되어 질 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.451-456
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• 1997

120 heads of korean native calves were examined of serum protein by using cellulose acetate electrophoresis. During 20 days since the calves were purchased, serum protein, fibrinogen values and plasma : fibrinogen ratio were examined in the calves with respiratory and diarrheal disease. The result obtained in this investigation were as follows : 1. Among the 120 heads of calves that were purchased from market, 14 heads(22%) of calves were occurred respiratory disease, and 12 heads(20%) of calves are occurred diarrhea. Occurrence of respiratory disease was 14.5(4~20) days in average and diarrhea was 9.6(2-15) days after they had been purchased. 2. Serum protein fraction were analyzed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. ${\beta}-globulin$, A/G ratio and ${\beta}_2-globulin$ values were decreased in the calves with respiratory disease. Especially, ${\beta}_2-globulin$ were significantly decreased. In calves with diarrhea, there was no change in ${\beta}-globulin$ values. ${\beta}_2-globulin$ values were higher than that of the normal and respiratory diseased calves. 3. ${\alpha}-globulin$ values were increased in both of calves with diarrhea and respiratory disease. This tendency was due to increase ${\alpha}_2-globulin$ values. 4. The $\gamma$-globulin value of calves with diarrhea was the lowest among the 3 groups. 5. The total protein values of normal calves were $7.0{\pm}1.1g/dl$ and that of respiratory and diarrheal diseased calves were $6.9{\pm}0.9g/dl$ and $6.6{\pm}0.8g/dl$, respectively. Total protein value of calves with diarrhea was lower than that of normal and respiratory diseased calves. Globulin value of calves with diarrhea was the lowest among them. The low value of total protein in diarrheal diseased calves was due to decrease globulin values. 6. The fibrinogen values of calves with respiratory disease ($643{\pm}189mg/dl$) were significantly higher than that of normal calves($533{\pm}135mg/dl$) and calves with diarrhea($572{\pm}188mg/dl$). The plasma : fib. ratio of respiratory diseased calves was $12.0{\pm}4.9$, normal calves was $13.8{\pm}3.5$ and diarrheal diseased calves was $12.8{\pm}4.6$. The ratio of the calves with respiratory disease was significantly decreased.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.547-556
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• 1994

In order to identify the necessary information of biochemical Indices for renal effect of lead for the early detection in medical surveillance of lead worker, the reference values of urinary N-acetyl-$\beta$-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activities were studied with 205 office workers in one industrial complex area who were not exposed to lead occupationally. While study variables selected for lead exposure were blood lead (PbB), blood zinc protoporphyrin(ZPP) and $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid (DALA) in urine, those for renal effect were urinary N-acetyl-$\beta$-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine(Cr), serum uric acid (Ua), and urinary total protein(U-TP). The results obtained were as follows: 1. The mean values of blood lead, ZPP and DALA in all subjects were $14.39{\pm}4.02{\mu}g/dl,\;21.61{\pm}8.00{\mu}g/dl,\;and\;2.73{\pm}0.90mg/l$ respectively. 2. The mean value of urinary NAG activities in all subjects was $3.51{\pm}2.01U/l$. The mean value of urinary NAG activities, which calculated from NAG activities divided by urinary creatinine concentration (CNAG), was $5.42{\pm}5.53U/g$ creatinine and log-arithmic normal distributed. 3. The reference value of urinary NAG activity was 12.06 U/g creatinine(95% CU=10.57-14.76 U/g creatinine). 4. Logarithmic CNAG(r=0.781 p<0.0l), U-TP(r=0.670 p<0.01) and ZPP(r=0.172 p<0.05) showed statistically significant correlation with CNAG.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.213-221
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• 2007

This study was designed to investigate the correlation between the expression rate of p53 and p21 proteins, c-erbB-2 oncoprotein and $TGF-{\beta}1$ and tumor prognostic factors in colon cancer including the tumor size, histological differentiation and Dukes' stage. The expression rate of p53 protein was 11.4% (4 cases) at well differentiation, 48.6% (17 cases) at moderately differentiation, and 17.1% (6 cases) at poorly differentiation. In other words, the poorer differentiation, the higher the expression rate of p53 protein (P<0.05). The expression rate of p21 protein was 17.1% (6 cases) at well differentiation, 40.0% (14 cases) at moderately differentiation, and 8.6% (3 cases) at poorly differentiation, indicating that, as the histological malignant degeneration progressed, the expression rate of p21 protein decreased distinctively (P<0.05). However, the correlation of the above mentioned proteins with tumor size and Dukes' stage was not recognized. The expression rate of c-cerbB-2 oncoprotein was 11.4% (4 cases) at well differentiation, 54.3% (19 cases) at moderately differentiation, and 17.1% (6 cases) at poorly differentiation, indicating that the poorer differentiation, the higher expression rate of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein (P<0.05). The expression rate of $TGF-{\beta}1$ was 17.1% (6 cases) at well differentiation, 48.6% (17 cases) at moderately differentiation, and 11.4% (4 cases) at poorly differentiation. As Dukes' stage progressed, the expression rate of $TGF-{\beta}1$ was 8.6% (3 cases) in stage A, 20.0% (7 cases) in stage B, 37.1 % (13 cases) in stage C, and 11.4% (4 cases) in stage D. There was a difference in expression rates between Dukes' stages (P<0.05). In 10 cases, p53 protein was positive while p21 protein was negative, and in 6 cases, p53 protein was negative whereas p21 was positive (P<0.05). Therefore, a statistically significant inverse correlation between the expression rate of p53 protein and that of p21 protein was observed. In conclusion, since there was a signigicant correlation between histological differentiation of colon cancer and the expressions of p53 and p21 proteins and c-erbB-2 oncoprotein, and between Dukes' stage and the expression of $TGF-{\beta}1$, it was conformed that the overexpression of p53 and p21 proteins, c-erbB-2 oncoprotein, and $TGF-{\beta}1$ is closely associated with the occurrence of colon cancer and its progress. Accordingly, this study may be greatly beneficial to the presumption of diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of colon cancer patients.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2009

This study was performed to elucidate the effects of addition of ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro culture (IVC) medium on porcine embryo production. The development rate to the 2 cell ($71.4{\sim}75.6%$) and blastocyst stages ($6.8{\sim}13.3%$) with different BSA concentrations in IVM medium were similar among treatment groups. Blastocyst hatching rate was significantly higher in the control group (0.0mg/ml) than in the group of 1.0mg/ml supplement (20.0% vs. 0.0%; p<0.05). The development rate to the 2 cell ($62.0{\sim}70.6%$) and blastocyst stages ($15.4{\sim}38.5%$) with different ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ concentrations in IVM medium was similar among treatment groups. The development rate to the blastocyst was significantly higher in the group of 1.0mg/ml(15.3%) than in the group of 0.5mg/ml supplement (7.6%, p<0.05). The development rate to the 2 cell and blastocyst stages following the first addition of ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ in IVM medium was significantly higher in the control group (77.0% and 18.9%) and was $0{\sim}44\;hr$(77.2% and 16.9%) greater than that observed in other treatment groups (p<0.05). The development rate to the 2 cell stage ($68.1{\sim}74.8%$) and blastocyst stages ($9.2{\sim}12.7%$) with different BSA concentrations in IVC medium was similar among treatment groups. However, blastocyst hatching rate was significantly higher in the group of 3.0mg/ml supplement (30.0%) than in the control group (0.0%; p<0.05). The development rate to the 2 cell stage ($72.9{\sim}78.0%$), blastocyst ($7.1{\sim}14.2%$) and hatching stages ($33.3{\sim}38.1%$) were not different. The development rate to the 2 cell stage ($63.6{\sim}72.5%$), blastocyst ($8.4{\sim}16.1%$) and hatching stages ($18.2{\sim}37.5%$) at the different culture periods were similar among treatment groups. This study suggested that if the addition level and periods of ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ addition are adjusted, it is possible to replace BSA in the in vitro porcine embryo production.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.434-440
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• 2019

전통발효식품인 김치에서 분리된 젖산균으로부터 ${\beta}$-glucuronidase 효소활성이 높은 균주를 선발하였다. 김치에서 분리된 156점의 젖산균 중 52점의 균주가 glucuronic acid를 탄소원으로 대사하였으며, 대부분의 젖산균은 세포내 ${\beta}$-glucuronidase 활성이 세포외 활성보다 유의적으로 높았다. 순무김치에서 분리된 Leu. mesenteroides KFRI 73007 균주가 $0.77{\pm}0.01U/mg$ protein로서 가장 높은 세포내 ${\beta}$-glucuronidase 효소활성을 나타내었다. 최적 반응조건은 pH 7, $37^{\circ}C$이었으며 $1.14{\pm}0.01U/mg$ protein의 효소활성을 나타냈다. 양이온 금속이온은 ${\beta}$-glucuronidase 효소활성을 약 70% 이상 저해하였으며, 균주 배양에 사용한 탄소원 중 ${\beta}$-glucuronidase 생산을 위한 최적의 탄소원은 glucuronic acid이었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.147-152
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• 1993

연구배경 : 만성폐쇄성폐질환에서 혈소판이 활성화되어 있는 근거가 있으며 이 질환의 예후 인자로 잘 알려진 폐동맥 고혈압이 활성화된 혈소판 및 손상된 내피세포가 관여하리라는 보고가 있다. 이에 만성폐쇄성폐질환에서 혈소판 활성화를 알아보고 혈소판 활성화가 폐동맥 고혈압에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 대조군 및 만성폐쇄성폐질환의 폐동맥 정상혈압군과 고혈압군을 대상으로 혈소판 응집비 및 혈소판의 alpha-granule에 함유되어 있는 Platelet factor 4와 $\beta$-thromboglobulin을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 결과: 1) Platelet aggregation ratio (PAR)는 대조군 $0.99{\pm}0.04$, 폐동맥 정상혈압군 $0.98{\pm}0.05$, 폐동맥 고혈압군 $0.89{\pm}0.08$으로 감소하는 추세를 보였으며, 폐동액 고혈압군에서 대조군보다 통계학적으로 의미 있게 감소 하였다(p<0.05) (Table 2, Fig. 1). 2) Platelet factor 4 (PF4, IU/ml)는 대조군 $4.7{\pm}1.2$, 폐동맥 정상혈압군 $18.6{\pm}4.9$, 폐동맥 고혈압군 $57.2{\pm}12.7$으로 만성폐쇄성폐질환에서 대조군보다 통계학적으로 의미 있게 증가 하였으며(p<0.01), 폐동맥 고혈압군에서 폐동맥 정상혈압군보다 통계학적으로 의미 있게 증가 하였다(p<0.01) (Table 2, Fig. 2). 3) Beta-thromboglobulin (${\beta}$-TG, IU/ml)은 대조군 $34.4{\pm}5.8$, 폐동맥 정상혈압군 $80.4{\pm}18.1$, 폐동맥 고혈압군 $93.0{\pm}14.0$으로 만성폐쇄성폐질환에서 대조군보다 통계학적으로 의미 있게 증가 하였으며(p<0.01) 폐동맥 고혈압군에서 폐동맥 정상혈압군보다 통계학적인 의미는 없지만 증가하는 경향을 보였다(Table 2, Fig.3). 4) 임상 소견과 PAR, PF4 및 ${\beta}$-TG 사이에는 상관 관계가 없었으나 PAR, PF4및 ${\beta}$-TG 사이에는 통계학적으로 의미 있는 상관관계를 보였다 (Table 3). 결론 : 만성폐쇄성폐질환에서 혈소판이 뚜렷이 활성화되어 있었으며 폐동맥 고혈압군에서 좀더 활성화되는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 만성폐쇄성폐질환에서 혈소판 활성화가 폐동맥 고혈압의 유발 및 유지에 관여할 것으로 사료되며 치료에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.