• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.70-77
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• 1982

전자선을 이용하여 저밀도 폴리에틸렌을 가교시킬때의 삼관능성 단위체와 산화방지제의 효과를 검토하였다. 가교촉진제로서는 삼관능성 단량체인 Trimethylolpropane triacrylate(TMPTA), Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate(TMPTM)과 Triallyl cyanurate(TAC)가 사용되었고, 산화방지제로서는 Irganox 1010(Pentaerythritol-tetrakist[3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate]), Santo-nox R(4,4'-Thio-bis(3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol)), Nocrac D(N-phenyl-$\beta$-naphthylamine)와 Bisphenol A(4,4'-Iso-propylidene bisphenol)가 사용되었다. 삼관능성 단위체중에서 TMPTA가 폴리에틸렌의 가교도를 제일 크게 높였으며 또한 산화안정성도 부여했다. 산화방지제중에서 Nocrac D가 폴리에틸렌에 가장 적당한 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권23호
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• pp.10209-10215
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• 2015

To assess the contribution of tumor necrosis factor $(TNF){\beta}$ +252 polymorphisms to risk and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we enrolled 150 pairs of sex- and age-matched patients with HCC, patients with cirrhosis alone, and unrelated healthy controls. $TNF{\beta}$ +252 genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism. Multivariate analysis indicated that $TNF{\beta}$ G/G genotype [odds ratio (OR), 3.64; 95%CI, 1.49-8.91], hepatitis B surface antigen (OR, 16.38; 95%CI, 8.30-32.33), and antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) (OR, 39.11; 95%CI, 14.83-103.14) were independent risk factors for HCC. There was an additive interaction between $TNF{\beta}$ G/G genotype and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)/HCV infection (synergy index=1.15). Multivariate analysis indicated that factors associated with $TNF{\beta}$ G/G genotype included cirrhosis with Child-Pugh C (OR, 4.06; 95%CI, 1.34-12.29), thrombocytopenia (OR, 6.55; 95%CI, 1.46-29.43), and higher serum ${\alpha}$-fetoprotein concentration (OR, 2.53; 95%CI, 1.14-5.62). Patients with $TNF{\beta}$ G/G genotype had poor cumulative survival (p=0.005). Cox proportional hazard model indicated that $TNF{\beta}$ G/G genotype was a biomarker for poor HCC survival (hazard ratio, 1.70; 95%CI, 1.07-2.69). In conclusion, there are independent and additive effects between $TNF{\beta}$ G/G genotype and chronic HBV/HCV infection on risk for HCC. It is a biomarker for poor HCC survival. Carriage of this genotype correlates with disease severity and advanced hepatic fibrosis, which may contribute to a higher risk and poor survival of HCC. Chronic HBV/HCV infected subjects with this genotype should receive more intensive surveillance for early detection of HCC.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.363-367
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• 1992

The crystal structure of (1,3,6,9,11,14-hexaazatricycol[12.2.1.$1^{6,9}$]octadecane)copper(Ⅱ) perchlorate, Cu($C_{12}H_{26}N_6$)$(ClO_4)_2$, has been determined by the X-ray diffraction methods. The crystal data are as follows: Mr=516.9, triclinic, ${\alpha}=8.572\;(2)$, b=8.499 (3), c=15.204 (3) ${\AA}$, ${\alpha}=80.42\;(5),\;{\beta}=73.57\;(3),\;{\gamma}=69.82\;(4)^{\circ},\;V=994.2\;{\AA}^3,\;D_C=1.726\;gcm^{-3}$, space group $P{\tilde{1}},\;Z=2,\;{\mu}=21.27\;cm^{-1}&, F(000)=534 and T=297 K. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares methods to and R value of 0.081 for 1608 observed reflections measured with graphite-mono-chromated Mo Ka radiation on a diffractometer. There are two independent complexes in the unit cell. The two copper ions lie at the special positions (1/2, 0, 0) and (0, 1/2, 1/2)and each complex possesses crystallographic center of symmetry. Each Cu ion is coordinated to four nitrogen donors if the hexaazamacrotricyclic ligand and weakly interacts with two oxygen atoms of the perchlorate ions to form a tetragonally distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The Cu_N (sec), Cu_N(tert) and Cu_O coordination distances are 1.985 (14), 2.055 (14) and 2.757 (13) ${\AA}$ for the complex A and 1.996 (10), 2.040 (11) and 2.660 (13) ${\AA}$ for the complex B, respectively. The macrocycles in the two independent cations assume a similar conformation with the average r.m.s. deviation of 0.073 ${\AA}$. Two 1,3-diazacyclopentane ring moieties of the hexaazamacrotricyclic ligand are placed oppositely and almost perpendicularly to the square coordination plane of the ruffled 14-membered macrocycle. The secondary N atoms are hydrogen-bonded to the perchlorate O atoms with distances of 3.017 (23) and 3.025 (19) ${\AA}$ for the complexes A and B, respectively.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.437-441
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• 2002

Rice proteins were extracted from brown and milled rice of five varieties: Kwanganbyeo, Daeanbyeo, Daejinbyeo, Surabyeo, Hwaseongbyeo; and their electrophoretic patterns were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Albumin was extracted with water, globulin with 5% NaCl, prolamin with 70% ethanol, and glutelin with 0.2 M sodium borate buffer (pH 10.0) containing 0.5% SDS, 0.6% $\beta$-mercaptoethanol. The ratios of albumin : globulin : prolamin : glutelin in the brown rice were 10.8~14.1 : 12.4~16.4 : 3.6~5.3 : 68.6~72.8, and in milled rice were 4.4~5.6 : 10.6~12.0 : 3.9~5.4 : 75.7~79.8. In albumin seven major bands were observed with molecular weights ranging from 14.g~96.8 kDa, in globulin four bands with molecular weights in the range of 14.4~56.9 kDa, prolamin had only one band with a molecular weight of 14.4 kDa, and glutelin had four bands with molecular weights of 14.4 ~ 57.4 kDa. There were no differences in electrophoretic patterns between rice varieties or between brown and milled rice.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2015

The root of Panax ginseng, is a Korea traditional medicine, which is used in both raw and processed forms due to their different pharmacological activities. As part of a continued chemical investigation of ginseng, the focus of this research is on the isolation and identification of compounds from Panax ginseng root by open column chromatography, medium pressure liquid chromatography, semi-preparative-high performance liquid chromatography, Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins were isolated from Panax ginseng root by open column chromatography, medium pressure liquid chromatography, and semi-preparative-high performance liquid chromatography. Their structures were identified as protopanaxadiol ginsenosides [gypenoside-V (1), ginsenosides-Rb1 (2), -Rb2 (3), -Rb3 (4), -Rc (5), and -Rd (6)], protopanaxatriol ginsenosides [20(S)-notoginsenoside-R2 (7), notoginsenoside-Rt (8), 20(S)-O-glucoginsenoside-Rf (9), 6-O-[$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1$\rightarrow$2-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-$3\beta$,$12\beta$, 20(S)-dihydroxy-dammar-25-en-24-one (10), majoroside-F6 (11), pseudoginsenoside-Rt3 (12), ginsenosides-Re (13), -Re5 (14), -Rf (15), -Rg1 (16), -Rg2 (17), and -Rh1 (18), and vinaginsenoside-R15 (19)], and oleanene ginsenosides [calenduloside-B (20) and ginsenoside-Ro (21)] through the interpretation of spectroscopic analysis. The configuration of the sugar linkages in each saponin was established on the basic of chemical and spectroscopic data. Among them, compounds 1, 8, 10, 11, 12, 19, and 20 were isolated for the first time from P. ginseng root.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.251-262
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• 1986

High-molecular-weight ${\beta}-glucosidase$ (EC 3.2.1.21) was purified from the culture filtrate of Trichoderma koningii through a four-step procedure including chromatography on Bio-Gel P-150, DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and SP-Sephadex C-50; and chromatofocusing on Polybuffer exchanger PBE 94. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be about 101,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses, and the isoelectric point was estimated to be 4.96 by analytical isoelectric focusing. The temperature optimum for activity was about $55^{\circ}C$, and the pH optimumwas 3.5. The enzyme was considerably thermostable, for no loss of activity was observed when the enzyme was preincubated at $60^{\circ}C$ for 5h. Km values for cellobiose, gentiobiose, sophorose, salicin and $p-nitrophenyl-{\betha}-D-glucoside$ were 99.2, 14.7, 7.09, 3.15 and 0.70 mM, respectively, which indicates that the enzyme has much higher affinity towards $p-nitrophenyl-{\betha}-D-glucoside$ than towards the other substrates, especially cellobiose. Substrate inhibition by $p-nitrophenyl-{\betha}-D-glucoside$ and salicin was observed at the conecntrations exceeding 5mM. Gluconolactone was a powerful inhibitor against the action of the enzyme on $p-nitrophenyl-{\betha}-D-glucoside\;(K_i\;37.9\;{\mu}M)$, wherease glucose was much less effective ($K_i$ 1.95 mM). Inhibition was of the competitive type in each case. Transglucosylation activity was detected shen the readtion products formed from $p-nitrophenyl-{\betha}-D-glucoside$ by the enzyme were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.113-126
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• 2007

1. Objectives The objective of this study was to measure the differences of EEG changes accoring to emotional stimulus in Sasangin. 2. Methods 44 healthy volunteers(Soyangin 10, Soeumin 14, Taeumin 20) were participated. Sasang Constitution was diagnosed by Sasang specialist. Volunteers watched horror movie as the emotional stimulus. We recorded EEG data during pre-stimulus rest(120sec), during-stimulus(197sec), rest-stimulus(120sec). Power spectral analysis was done and relitive power and ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ ratio were compared among each groups. 3. Results (1) The mean of relative ${\alpha}$ of Taeumin was significantly decreased according to stimulus compared with Soyagnin. (2) Relative ${\alpha}$ of Soeumin was significantly decreased in T3 area according to stimulus compared with Taeumin. (3) Relative ${\beta}$ of Taeumin group was significantly increased in Fp2 area according to stimulus compared with Soeumin. 4) Relative $high-{\beta}$ of Soyangin group was significantly decreased in F3 by the post-stimulus rest compared with Soeumin. (5) ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ ratio of Soeumin was significantly increased according to stimulus compared with other groups. 4. Conclusions Soyangin showed sensitive changes according to the emotional simulus compared with Soeumin and Taeumin. Above results suggest that the emotional characteristics of Sasangin can be measured by objective methods as by EEG.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.463-467
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• 1995

생쥐(Balb/C) 간과 신장의 microsomal cytochrome P-450 효소계에 의한 ${\alpha}$-endosulfan의 시험관내 대사시험을 수행하였다. ${\alpha}$-Endosulfan은 endosulfan lactone(EL), endosulfan hydroxyether(EHE), endosulfan alcohol(EA), endosulfan sulfate(ES), endosulfan ether(EE) 그리고 ${\beta}$-endosulfan(${\beta}$-E) 등으로 대사되었으며 주요 대사산물은 간에서 EL(13.2%) 및 EA(11.5%)이었으며 신장에서 EA(17.4%) 및 EHE(19.3%)이었다. Microsome 배양액중 유기용매 추출성 대사산물은 63.4%이었으며 수용성 대사산물은 37.1%이었다. 수용성 대사산물은 EA(83.9%), EHE(4.5%) 그리고 ES(2.3%)로서 주요 수용성 대사산물은 EA이었다. Piperonyl butoxide는 ${\alpha}$-endosulfan으로부터 EE의 생성을 86%, EA의 생성을 92% 그리고 EHE, EL 및 ES의 생성을 대부분 저해하였다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2016

Phytochemical investigation of the stems of Pueraria lobata (Wild) Ohwi (Leguminosae), led to the isolation of eighteen known compounds: ${\beta}$-amyrone (1), (+)-pinoresinol (2), (+)-syringaresinol (3) $(+)-syringaresinol-O-{\beta}-{\small{D}}-glucoside$ (4), (+)-lariciresinol (5), (-)-tuberosin (6), naringenin (7), liquiritigenin (8), isoliquiritigenin (9) genistein (10), daidzein (11) daidzin (12) daidzein 4',7-diglucoside (13) 2,4,4'-trihydroxy deoxybenzoin (14), S-(+)-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-phenyl)propan-2-one (15), methyl $2-O-{\beta}-{\small{D}}-glucopyranosylbenzoate$ (16), pyromeconic acid $3-O-{\beta}-{\small{D}}-glucopyranoside$ 6'- (O-4''-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate) (17), and allantion (18). The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated from spectroscopic data and by comparison of those data with previously published results. The effects of isolated compounds on mushroom tyrosinase enzymatic activity were screened. The results indicated that, chloroform extract of P. lobata stems turned out to be having tyrosinase inhibitory effect, and only compounds 5, 8, 9, and 11 showed enzyme inhibitory activity, with $IC_{50}$ values of $21.49{\pm}4.44$, $25.24{\pm}6.79$, $4.85{\pm}2.29$, and $17.50{\pm}1.29{\mu}M$, respectively, in comparison with these of positive control, kojic acid ($IC_{50}\;12.28{\pm}2.72{\mu}M$). The results suggest that P. lobata stems extract as well as its chemical components may represent as potential candidates for tyrosinase inhibitors.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.355-367
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• 2018

본 연구는 C시에 소재한 보건소의 방문건강관리 대상 노인 중 만성 관절통증이 있는 65세이상 취약계층 재가 여성노인 234명을 대상으로 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인을 파악하기 위한 서술적 상관관계 연구이다. 본 연구의 자료는 일반적 특성, 통증양상, 통증정도, 지각된 건강상태, 일상생활능력, 수면양상, 우울, 삶의 질로 구성된 구조화된 설문지를 통해 2017년 2월 16일부터 3월 13일에 걸쳐 수집되었으며, t-test, ANOVA, 상관분석, 위계적 다중 회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 연구결과, 대상자의 일반적 특성을 포함하여 대상자의 삶의 질에 영향을 미친 변수는 우울(${\beta}=-.60$, p<.001), 통증정도(${\beta}=-.15$, p=.007), 의료보장 유형(${\beta}=.15$, p=.001), 지각된 건강상태(${\beta}=.14$, p=.007), 통증지속기간(${\beta}=-.10$, p=.019), 결혼상태(${\beta}=.10$, p=.024), 일상생활능력(${\beta}=.09$, p=.036)순으로 나타났으며, 모형의 총 설명력은 63.1%였다. 본 연구를 통해 만성 관절통증이 있는 재가 여성노인의 삶의 질을 향상시키기 위해서는 지역사회 중심의 체계적인 우울 예방 및 관리 프로그램 운영이 우선 실시되어야 하며, 특히 경제적으로 취약한 공적부조 대상 노인의 삶의 질에 관심을 기울여야 하고, 통증 발현 초기부터 통증에 대한 정확한 사정을 토대로 통증완화중재 개입을 시행해야 한다.