• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.105-118
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• 2001

Objectives : The prescription of Semyung-Gangji-tang, designed for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis, consists of herbs good for treating blood stasis and phlegm stagnancy. It invigorates the liver, kidneys and spleen. Its medical nature is not too cold or too hot and increases human vital energy. The purpose of this study is to examine the curative effects of Semyung-Gangji-tang on atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic rabbits. Methods : Twenty-four male NZW rabbits, around 2kg of body weight, were divided into 4 groups. Group I served as the normal group. Group II served as the atherogenic model group, fed a 1 % cholesterol diet for 8 weeks and sacrificed. Group III served as the atherogenic control group, fed with a 1 % cholesterol diet for 8 weeks and with a normal diet for the next 4 weeks. Group IV served as the treatment group treated the same as the control group and medicated with Semyung-Gangji-tang for the last 4 weeks. Three animals of group I and six animals of group n were sacrificed at 8 weeks. Five animals of group I , five animals of group III and IV were sacrificed at 12 weeks. Pathological examinations and image analysis were performed on the collected tissue samples. Results : The percentage of lipid deposition area of thoracic aortas of group IV($41.74{\pm}8.93%$) at 12 weeks was decreased compared with the group III ($71.30{\pm}12.74%$) at 12 weeks, but a statistical difference was not observed. The percentage of group IV at 12 weeks was significantly decreased (P<0.05) compared with the group n ($76.41{\pm}7.43%$) at 8 weeks. Histopathologically, advanced atheromas with calcification of aortic arches were observed in all animals of the control group at 12 weeks, but were observed in 2 animals of the treatment group at 12 weeks. Histopathologically, atheromas with calcification of thoracic aortas were observed with major atherogenic lesions in control group at 12 weeks, but simple fibro-fatty streaks were observed major atherogenic lesions in treatment group at 12 weeks. Conclusions : These results indicate that Semyung-Gangji-tang has antiatherogenic effects on experimentally induced atherosclerosis in rabbits.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 1983

Sixteen crosses from two strains of White Cornish and White Plymouth Rock were reared seperately on floors and abdominal fat was measured every two weeks interval from two weeks to twelve weeks of age. The abdominal fat weights surgically removed were slightly heavier in female than male. Estimates of general combining ability variances of body weight showed significant at all weeks of age in both sexes but those of abdominal fat weight were significant at 2, 8, 10 and 12 weeks of age in female and 2, 6 and 12 weeks of age in male. In percentage of abdominal fat to body weight, the significant differences were observed at 10 and 12 weeks of age only in female. The specific combining ability variances were significant at 4, 6, 10 and 12 weeks of age in female and 4, 8 and 12 weeks of age in male in body weight. In abdominal fat weight, there were significant differences at 4, 8, 10 and 12 weeks of age in female but no significant differences in male. The specific combining ability variances of percentage of abdominal fat to body weight showed significant differences at 4 and 8 weeks of age in female but no significant difference in male.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.604-615
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• 2012

Objectives : The aim of this study was to observe the effect of moxibustion at combined acupoints of ST36, BL21 and CV12 in rats with sex and age. Methods : This study measured small intestinal motility in rats. First, cauterize with moxa was applied 5 times to the ST36, BL21 and CV12 in rats classified by sex and age under enflurane anesthesia. And then same treatment is done to mached acupoints of ST36, BL21 and CV12. Results : In single acupoint groups, cauterizing with moxa on ST36 increased with 5, 7 weeks in female and all weeks in male. The BL21 group increased with 5, 6, 7 weeks in female, and only 5 weeks in male. The CV12 group showed increasing with 5, 6 weeks in female and only 7 weeks in male. In combined acupoints groups, the ST36+BL21 with 8 weeks in male, the ST36+CV12 with 5, 8 weeks in female and 5, 6, 8 weeks in male, the CV12+BL21 only with 5 weeks in female, the ST36+BL21+CV12 only with 5 weeks in female showed increasing, respectively. Conclusions : Although these differents according to the sex and age in rats do not have a established tendency, the results suggested that the effects of moxibustion are experimentally should be considered the sex and age of individual.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.107-118
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• 2007

Statement of problem: Implant-type distractor uses a removable distraction device that has an appearance similar to that of a dental implant and utilizes many of the same techniques for placement as are used for dental implants. Material and method: In this study, 48 implant type titanium distractors were inserted into the osteotomized alveolar bone of 12 beagle dogs. After a 7-day latency period, the alveolar bone was augmented by 5mm vertically at a rate of 1.0 mm/day. The dogs were sacrificed after 4weeks, 8weeks and 12 weeks for radiographic, histologic, and histomorphometric analysis. Result: Copper equivalent value showed significant difference between 4 weeks and the other weeks(8, 12 weeks)(p<0.05). But there was no significant difference between maxillary and mandibular groups. In the bone to metal contact analysis, there was a significant difference between 4 weeks and 12 weeks(p<0.05). On the contrary, there was no significant difference between maxilla and mandible. The bone area showed significantly higher values in 12 weeks compared to 4 weeks(p<0.05). Histologically mineralization began at the host bone margins. At 12 weeks, increasing accumulation of $Ca^{++}$ element was confirmed. Conclusion: From the results above, the new bone formation was increased according to consolidation period. Especially there was significant difference between 4 weeks and 12 weeks(p<0.05). Implant type distractors used in this study to augment vertical ridge defect may prove to be a clinically useful treatment option in selected cases.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.715-726
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• 1997

This study was conducted longitudinally following the total nitrogen , total lipid, and lactose concentrations and their factors on concentrations of energy-yielding nutrients in human milk from 2-5 days to 12 weeks postpartum of 45 lactating Korean mothers. All samples were from well-defined subjects. And uniform collection procedures were used . Total nitrogen concentration of milk decreased significantly from 385mg/이 at 2-5 days to 201mg/dl at 12 weeks postpartum. Total lipid concentration increased from 1.98g/dl at 2-5 days to 3.09g/dl at 12 weeks postpartum. However, there was a large variation in the concentration of total lipids. Lactose concentration increased signifciantly from 6.53g/dl at 2-5 days to 7.48g/dl at 12 weeks. Total nitrogen concentration in milk was positively related to pregnancy weight gains at 2 and 6 weeks postpartum. Total lipid concentration was positively related to infant birth weight : however, it was negatively related to the maternal weight loss. In addition, total lipid concentration was positively related to parity and maternal percentage body fat at 12 weeks postpartum. Milk lactose concentration was positively related to parity at 2 weeks postpartum.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.138-141
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• 1999

The effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack were studied in maintaining mating behavior of sexually experienced castrated male rats after dosing them with 500 mg/kg daily of E. longifolia Jack for 10 days prior to test and later continued for two weeks where the rats were then castrated. The similar dosage was then continued for 12 weeks post-castration. However, $400\;{\mu}g/day$ of testosterone was administered subcutaneously on the day of castration and lasted for 6 weeks post-castration but later raised to $800\;{\mu}g/day$ until 12 week post-castration. Tests were conducted weekly from 2-6 weeks and 8-12 weeks post-castration. Results showed that all the experimental male rats exhibited mating behavior before castration. Further results also indicated that E. longifolia Jack successfully maintained mating behavior but less than precastration level from 2-6 weeks and later increased from 8-12 weeks post-castration. Similarly, $400\;{\mu}g/day$ of testosterone was effective in maintaining mating behavior from 2-6 weeks post-castration. However, $800\;{\mu}g/day$ of testosterone managed to return the male rats to the precastration level with all male rats exhibited mating behavior from 8-12 weeks post-castration. Further results also indicated that testosterone significantly increased the penis weights (p < 0.05) as compared to the E. longifolia Jack. In conclusion, this study shows that E. longifolia Jack continued to maintain mating behavior of sexually experienced castrated male rats, giving further evidence of the folkuse of this plant as aphrodisiac.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2007

This study is that the elderly female patients having low back pain(34 people) show a change of stabilization ratio after isotonic rehabilitation of 4 types(before exercise, after 4weeks, 8weeks, 12weeks). Under the cover of lumbar extension machine, isometric extension strength and stabilization ratio is measured and analyzed at some flexion angles(the degree of $0^{\circ}$, $12^{\circ}$, $24^{\circ}$, $36^{\circ}$, $48^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $72^{\circ}$). The conclusion is as follows. 1. The maximum lumbar extension strength at a range of 7 angles have an increase of 73.92% in case of 12weeks isotonic exercise(p<.001). 2. After 12weeks exercise, the lumbar flexion angle maximum extension strength, have an higher increase than 54% on the average at all angles(p<.001). These statistically show a meaningful increase of muscular strength. 3. After 12weeks isotonic exercise, the lumbar stabilization ratio have a decrease of 50.27% at a statistically meaningful level(p<.001). In case of 12weeks exercise comparing with 8weeks, the stabilization ratio decrease at the level of 1.85 versus 1. This figure is similar to that of a normal person. In view of this study, 12weeks exercise for the elderly female patients having low back pain has much influence on the change of lumbar stabilization ratio and this is the scientifically verified result of a long term exercise.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.185-199
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to suggest a new desirable direction to a positive educational program for dental hygeine students, through the analysis of the degrees of observation and performance practice and the student satisfaction. This researched 471 senior dental hygien students from 5 separate universities. SPSS 10.0 for Windows was used to transform the results data analysis into statistics. The students' degree of satisfaction and length of observational/performance practice level were measured. For statistical anlysis the Mean and Standard Deviation were computed and the t-test and ANNOVA were carried out. The significant level of these statistics was a=0.05. 1. 12 weeks practice is the highest in the satisfaction of observation practice was the highest in clinical settings, followed by 16 weeks practice, and 8 weeks practice. 2. 12 weeks practice is the highest in the satisfaction of performance practice, followed by 16 weeks practice, and 8 weeks practice. 3. 8 weeks practice is the highest in the satisfaction of performance practice, followed by 12 weeks practice, and 16 weeks practice. 4. According to the frequency of clinical practice and satisfaction 12 week program of observation/performance practice is the most desirable, followed by 16 weeks practice, and 8 weeks practice.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.157-168
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• 2000

Periodontal surgery can be directed to remove the irritants from the tooth surface and reduce the periodontal pocket. The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical effects after between modified Widman flap and modified flap in periodontal patients. Ninety six molar area teeth of 9 patients were used. One of sextants performed a modified Widman flap, while the other side performed a modified flap. After initial periodontal therapy, the following measurements prior to surgery(baseline) were taken : pocket depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment level, tooth mobility, bleeding on probing. Also these measurements were taken at 4 weeks, 8weeks, and 12 weeks after surgery. Significant decrease of pocket depth was shown in both techniques, and the degree of decrease was significant in modified flap than modified Widman flap at 12 weeks. Significant increase of gingival recession was shown in both techniques, and the degree of increase was significant in modified Widman flap than modified flap at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks. Significant attachment gain was shown in both techniques, and the degree of increase was significant in modified flap than modified Widman flap at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks. Significant increase of tooth mobility was shown in both techniques at 4 weeks, but the decrease of tooth mobility was shown at 12 weeks. Greater decrease of bleeding on probing was shown in both techniques at 4 weeks. Modified flap was better than modified Widman flap in the decrease of gingival recession and the attachment gain. These results indicate that modified flap operation is better than modified Widman flap operation in the effect of periodontal treatment.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 1975

In order to investigate the effect of cobalt-60 gamma irradiation on the blood picture, the mice were subjected to single whole-body gamma irradiation externally. In this experiment 42 of 12 weeks old white mice were used and animals were allotted to group of three. On of chose groups served as control and the others as test groups that were exposed to single dose of 370 Rads (group I) and 500 Rads (group II). The exposure dose rate were averaged 33 Rads per Minute. The results obtained in this experiment were as follows: 1. Erythrocyte counts in both test groups dropped to the lowest level at 4 weeks postirradiation, returning towards the control level, but in recovery, group I showed rather prumpt compared with group II. Erythrocyte count in group II was significantly lower than that of group I. 2. Total leukocyte counts dropped to the lowest loved at 2 weeks postirradiation and group I recovered to normal level at 4 weeks postirradiation. Recovery group II was very slow and it reached to the control level on 12 weeks postirradiation. Leukocyte count was significantly different between group I and II. 3. Neutrophil count was increased to the highest level at 2 weeks postirradiation, with recovery to normal value after 8 weeks in group I and 12 weeks in group II, respectively. Neutrophil count was significantly different between group I and II. 4. Lymphocyte count dropped to the lowest level at 2 weeks postirradiation, with recovery to normal average after 8 weeks in group I and 12 weeks in group II, respectively. Lymphocyte count was significantly different between group I and II. 5. The other leukocyte count was increased after the irradiation and recovered at 12 weeks postirradiation in both test groups. The other leukocyte count was significantly different between group I and II.