• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.144-150
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• 1997

We developed a simple and efficient method to prepare a Pseudomonas vaccine of outer membrane (OM) proteins free from lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A three step purification process including extraction, ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation effectively removed LPS from the OM protein fraction. Approximately 2 mg of the OM proteins was obtained from 1 g of wet cell. LPS contaminant in the vaccine preparation was less than 0.003% (w/w) of protein and protease activity was not detectable. To achieve a wide range of protection, OM proteins prepared from four attenuated P. aeruginosa strains were mixed in equal amounts and used as a vaccine, which elicited in rabbits a high titer of antibody reactive to all of the seven Fisher types. The antisera from the immunized rabbit had a strong reactivity to vaccine proteins larger than 25 kDa. In a burned mouse infection model, immunization with the vaccine significantly enhanced bacterial clearance in the Pseudomonas infected skin. The vaccination also provided mice an excellent protection against Pseudomonas infection (11, 16). Data on antigenicity, mutagenicity, acute, subacute toxicity and pharmacological tests confirmed the safety of the vaccine (1, 3, 10, 12, 17). These data demonstrate that this method can be applied to manufacture a bacterial vaccine of OM proteins with safety and prophylactic efficacy at a practical low cost.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.10-23
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• 2000

Four-constitutional theory proposed by Dr. Lee, Je-ma has been evolve for last 100years by his followers. One of the major progresses was the emergence of constitutional acupuncture proposed by Dr. Kwan Doh-won. Constitutional acupuncture included the new pulse diagnostic method to determine the body type, pulse diagrams and corresponding acupuncture method called five element acupuncture in which five-element points in 12 meridian channels are used. Dr. Sa-ahm proposed five-element acupuncture three and a half hundred years age. Conjunction of Dr Lee's theory to Dr. Kwan proposed eight constitutions with eight pulse diagrams. He also adopted eight acupuncture prescriptions out of twenty-four Sa-ahm's acupuncture prescriptions. The author, Dr. Yom Tae-hwa, proposed more inclusive theory of 24 constitutions with 24 diagnostic pulse diagrams in Las Vegas International Acupuncture Convention in 1986. This article reviews history of constitutional medicine briefly. Each step of theoretical evolution from four-constitutional theory to twenty-four-constitutional theory is explained. By understanding the theoretical connection between twelve meridian channels based on five-element theory and four-constitutional theory in the article, one will easily accept the emergence of twelve of twenty four constitutional theory. Next, the article is focused on four subcategories under Sao-Yin constitution, which are one-sixth of 24 constitution. in this section classification, pulse diagnostic method, pulse diagram acupuncture prescriptions and herbal prescriptions are explained in detail. Then, clinical trial reports of acupuncture treatment and/or herbal formulas for such constitutions are attached for the rest part of the article. the purpose of this paper is to present the new hypothesis with the result of preliminary clinical trial hoping that additional clinical reports from other practitioners in this field triggers well-designed clinical study in future.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.249-254
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• 2014

In this paper, minimizing of a parabolic edge planar monopole antenna by scaling method is presented. With the aid of a matching step and discontinuous CPW, the antenna easily adjusts the impedance matching. We used an FR4 dielectric substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4. The dimensions of the antenna are $26mm{\times}31mm{\times}1.6mm$. A return loss value of more than 10dB was found in the 2.37GHz to 10.52GHz (8.15GHz) range of the antenna fed by the discontinuous CPW. The radiation pattern is about the same as that of the dipole antenna at all frequencies. Configuration elements of the antenna except feed part were reduced into the same rate. So, the size of the antenna was decreased and a broadband property was maintained. Therefore, the self-complementary characteristic of the antenna was confirmed. While satisfying the UWB band, having the smallest size in the antenna miniaturized by scaling;when scale was 0.6. The dimensions of the antenna are $15.6mm{\times}18.6mm{\times}1.6mm$. The return loss was more than 10 dB of the measured result in the range of 3.07GHz to 12.59GHz (9.52GHz).

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.69-77
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• 2010

Fuzzy control is widely used for improving temperature control performance as controlling ventilation in greenhouse because the technique can respond more flexibly to the outside air temperature and wind speed. By pre-studied PID and normal fuzzy control this study was performed to obtain the fundamental data that can be established in better greenhouse ventilation control method. The temperature control error by the simple fuzzy control was $1.2^{\circ}C$. The accumulated operating size of the window and the number of operating were 84% and 13, respectively. These showed equivalent control performance with pre-studied result that control error. The accumulated operating size of the window and the number of operating were 75% and 12, respectively. The proposed fuzzy technique was simple control logic method compared with step and PID control methods, but it showed equivalent performance. Therefore, the proposed simple fuzzy control method could be used in micro controller of small programmable memory size and many applications.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.1A
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• pp.31-43
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• 2009

In this study, the numerical method is presented, which can consider the various train types and can solve the equations of motion for a vehicle-bridge interaction analysis by non-iteration procedure through formulating the coupled equations of motion. The coupled equations of motion for the vehicle-bridge interaction are solved by the Newmark ${\beta}$ of a direct integration method, and by composing the effective stiffness matrix and the effective force vector according to a analysis step, those can be solved with the same manner of the solving procedure of equilibrium equations in static analysis. Also, the effective stiffness matrix is reconstructed by the Skyline method for increasing the analysis effectiveness. The Cholesky's matrix decomposition scheme is applied to the analysis procedure for minimizing the numerical errors that can be generated in directly calculating the inverse matrix. The equations of motion for the conventional trains are derived, and the numerical models of the conventional trains are idealized by a set of linear springs and dashpots with 16 degrees of freedom. The bridge models are simplified by the 3 dimensional space frame element which is based on the Euler-Bernoulli theory. The rail irregularities of vertical and lateral directions are generated by the PSD functions of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). The results of the vehicle-bridge interaction analysis are verified by the experimental results for the railway plate girder bridges of a span length with 12 m, 18 m, and the experimental and analytical data are applied to the low pass filtering scheme, and the basis frequency of the filtering is a 2 times of the 1st fundamental frequency of a bridge bending.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.457-465
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• 2011

The annual R&D investment in Korea increased by an average of 12.2percent during the last 5 years. Therefore, prevention of duplicate projects being performed became an important factor in promoting the efficiency of R&D investment and the originality of R&D projects. On measuring the similarity of projects, the measurement model used to estimate the accuracy of the similarity is crucial. In this paper, we propose an advanced measurement model on checking the similarity of R&D projects for promoting the efficiency of R&D investment. The proposed model is made up of the following steps for the model measurement, sampling and analyzing. During the sampling step, we append the abstract of R&D reports on the search engine based on document vector. We then measure the similarity on projects to use research title network which is consists of the compound keyword and the weight of items on during the analysis. The proposed method improved the accuracy for measuring the similarity of projects by an average of 0.19 over the existing search engine and by 9.25 over the simple keyword search on R&D projects. On searching the similarity with the appending conditions and high sampling, it improved the accuracy of measuring the similarity of R&D projects.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8776-8790
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• 2015

As a follow-up research of a qualitative study conducted by Lee(2015), this study needed to carry out a quantitative research targeting not a group of experts but of working-level staff and verify the validity of the assessment scales. As far as the study learned from an exploratory factor analysis of the preliminary research, these 12 questions that were incorrectly categorized or that presented outliers had to be removed and as a consequence, the researcher of the study was led to an outcome(75 Items) that would correspond to this factor structure which one had temporarily set up. For the next step, in order to carry out a confirmatory factor analysis, the study worked on verification on a four-stage structural equation model with each of the factors which the researcher had established applied by stage. In the end, a result to confirm how the model's goodness of fit eventually increases with the factors which the researcher had set up added was gained and lastly, another outcome to agree to the hair designers' expertise practice model which the researcher had created was obtained. In the meantime, in terms of the assessment scales which this study has discussed, the study assumes that since the scales accepted a self-rating method, it may lead not only to increase in expertise through self-reflection but also to establishment of a rational class system based on results of objective expertise measuring but not of subjective judgment by superiors.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.86-94
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• 2014

To develop a Root Cause Analysis Map which determines the cause of the accident in chemical laboratory, The Root Cause Analysis(RCA) Map for the laboratory areas was sketched from Phase 1 of the accident element to Phase 3 of the accident element, based on the RCA Map which is applied in the petrochemical industry. On the basis of laboratory RCA Map which was classified by using such method. The root causes of the 211 accident cases in laboratories were classified from Phase 4 to Phase 5 by the Cause Factor Charting technique and The cause of the accident data were inputted to EXCEL program. After that, The causes of the accident data were sorted and classified by type and each step. So 'Approximate Primary RCA Map Draft' was written. In addition, it was reaffirmed whether the root causes of 211 accidents of laboratory were appropriate to 'Primary RCA Map Draft'. By complementing the cause which was expected to cause future accidents, the RCA Map for chemical laboratories was developed. Based on 'RCA Map' proposed in this study, the causes of accidents were analysed management systems 35%, monitoring 12.2%, Human Factor Eng. 15.1% and education training 12.1% by the size of the frequency from Phase 1 to Phase 5.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.110-119
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• 2017

The agroclimatic indices are produced by statistical analysis based on primary climate data (e.g., temperature, precipitation, and solar irradiance) or driving agronomic models. This study was carried out to evaluate how selection of daily temperature for a climate normal (1983-2012) affected the precision of the agroclimatic indices. As a first step, averaged daily 0600 and 1500 LST temperature for a climate normal were produced by geospatial schemes based on topo-climatology ($365days{\times}1$ set, EST normal year). For comparison, 30 years daily temperature data were generated by applying the same process ($365days{\times}30sets$), and calculated mean of daily temperature (OBS normal year). The flowering date of apple 'Fuji' cultivar, the last frost date, and the risk of late frost were estimated based on EST normal year data and compared with the results from OBS normal year. The results on flowering date showed 2.9 days of error on average. The last frost date was of 11.4 days of error on average, which was relatively large. Additionally, the risk of the late frost was determined by the difference between the flowering and the last frost date. When it was determined based on the temperature of EST normal year, Akyang was classified as a risk area because the results showed that the last frost date would be the same or later than the flowering date in the 12.5% of area. However, the temperature of OBS normal year indicated that the area did not have the risk of a late frost. The results of this study implied that it would be necessary to reduce the error by replacing the EST method with the OBS method in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.667-675
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• 2016

Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has been effectively applied for environmental remediation due to its ability to reduce various toxic compounds. However, quantification of nZVI reactivity has not yet been standardized. Here, we adapted colorimetric assays for determining reductive activity of nZVIs. A modified indophenol method was suggested to determine reducing activity of nZVI. The method was originally developed to determine aqueous ammonia concentration, but it was further modified to quantify phenol and aniline. The assay focused on analysis of reduction products rather than its mother compounds, which gave more accurate quantification of reductive activity. The suggested color assay showed superior selectivity toward reduction products, phenol or aniline, in the presence of mother compounds, 4-chlorophenol or nitrobenzene. Reaction conditions, such as reagent concentration and reaction time, were optimized to maximize sensitivity. Additionally, pretreatment step using $Na_2CO_3$ was suggested to eliminate the interference of residual iron ions. Monometallic nZVI and bimetallic Ni/Fe were investigated with the reaction. The substrates showed graduated reactivity, and thus, reduction potency and kinetics of different materials and reaction mechanism was distinguished. The colorimetric assay based on modified indophenol reaction can be promises to be a useful and simple tool in various nZVI related research topics.