• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2001

To identity the composition and ratio of the sex pheromone in the asiatic leafroller, Archippus breviplicanus (Walsingham), which is a major pest on apple leaves, and to develop a monitoring system using this sex pheromone, abdominal tips of their virgin female during the calling period were extracted and analysed. The GC/GC-MS analysis revealed the following three compounds; (E)11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14: Ac), (Z)11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14: Ac), and tetradecyl acetate(14: Ac) with the ratio of 56:22:22. Electroantennogram (EAG) assay was also conducted to examine biological activity of the components. The three components evoked significantly higher responses than hexane or air but there was no significant differences between the mixtures made by components. Field trapping experiments for determining the optimum blend, seasonal fluctuation and the optimum amount for male attracting were carried out over 4 years from 1997 to 2000. Although male moths were attracted to 8:2 and 7:3 between E11-14: Ac and Z11-14: Ac, their 7:3 blend was found to be the most effective. Archippus breviplicanus appears to occur three times a year in Korea. The optimum amount for monitoring was found to be 1mg per trap. 14: Ac, the third component, did not show synergistic effect on male moth attraction.

• Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.125-129
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• 2018

Dopaminergic neurons are one of the major neuronal components in the brain. Mesencephalon dopamine (DA) neurogenesis takes place in the ventricular zone of the floor plate, when DA progenitors divide to generate postmitotic cells. These cells migrate through the intermediate zone while they differentiate and become DA neurons on reaching the mantle zone. However, neurogenesis and neuronal migration on dopaminergic neurons remain largely unexplored in the mesencephalon development. This study presents neurogenesis and neuronal migration patterns of dopaminergic neurons during mesencephalic development of the mouse. Neurons from embryonic day (E) 10-14 were labelled by a single injection of 5-bromodeoxyuridine and immunohistochemistry was performed. The neurogenesis occurred mainly at the E10 and E11, which was uniformly distributed in the mesencephalic region, but neurons after E13 were observed only in the dorsal mesencephalon. At the postnatal day 0 (P0), E10 generated neurons were spread out uniformly in the whole mesencephalon whereas E11-originated neurons were clearly depleted in the red nucleus region. DA neurons mainly originated in the ventromedial mesencephalon at the early embryonic stage especially E10 to E11. DA neurons after E12 were only observed in the ventral mesencephalon. At E17, E10 labelled neurons were only observed in the substantia nigra (SN) region. Our study demonstrated that major neurogenesis occurred at E10 and E11. However, neuronal migration continued until neonatal period during mesencephalic development.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.44 no.1 s.138
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• pp.31-36
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• 2005

Adoxophyes spp. are the major rests of a pear. The larvae attack both leaves and fruits. (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:Ac), (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:Ac), (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:Ac) and 10-methyldodecyl acetate (10me-12:Ac) have been reported as the sex pheromone components of the genus Adoxophyes. Our objective was to determine the difference in sex pheromone composition of three different A. spp. populations each from Cheonan, Sangju, and Naju area orchards in Korea. Gas chromatography (GC) analyses of pheromone gland extracts of virgin females confirmed the presence of two compounds (Z9-14:Ac and Z11-14:Ac) in Cheonan and Sangju populations, and four compounds (Z9-14:Ac, Z11-14:Ac, E11-14:Ac and tome-12:Ac) in Naju population. The Z9-14:Ac and Z11-14:Ac were detected in the ratio of 80:20 in the Cheonan population and 3:97 in the Sangju population. Females of Naju population produced sex pheromone blend consisting of Z9-14:Ac, Z11-14:Ac, E11-14:Ac and 10me-12:Ac at a ratio of 31:62:6:1. Field trapping tests in pear orchards with Z9-14:Ac and Z11-14:Ac indicated that maximum captures of the male were obtained with traps baited by 80:20 in Cheonan, 10:90 in Sangju, and 30:70 in Naju. These results suggest that there are remarkable geographical variations in the sex pheromone composition of A. spp. in pear orchards in Korea, and taxonomic classification of these species must be carefully assessed.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 1996

The growth of total length(TL), total weight(TW) and somatic weight(SW) of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss alevin at yolk absorption period was expressed by the Gompertz growth model as $TLt=2.7e^{-1.24{\cdot}e^{-0.11t}}(r^{2}=0.66)$, $TWt=1.8e^{-2.03{\cdot}e^{-0.11t}}(r^{2}=0.66)$ and $SWt=1.8e^{-5.41{\cdot}e^{-0.13t}}(r^{2}=0.83)$ respectively. Yolk length, yolk height and yolk volume of rainbow trout decreased linearly. The relative growth of total weight-total length, somatic weight-total length, yolk length-total length, yolk height-total length, yolk volume-total length, yolk weight-total length, yolk weight-total weight, yolk weight-yolk height and yolk weight-yolk length at yolk absorption period revealed the pattern of yolk absorption in rainbow trout.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.579-583
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• 1992

Stereoselective synthesis of farnesol, (2E, 6E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-tiren-1-ol(1), was carried out using 5-bromo-2-methylpent-2-ene(2) as a starting material. After conversion of 5-bromo-2-methylpent-2-ene(2) to the corresponding iodide compound, 5-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-2,3-dihydrofuran(4) was obtained by alkylation of 5-lithio-2,3-dihydrofuran with 5-iodo-2-methylpent-2-ene. Ni(0)-catalyzed coupling reaction of the dihydrofuran 4 with MeMgI was proceeded to give (3E)-4,8-dimethylnona-3,7-dien-1-ol(5) in 72% yield. The resultant homoallylic alcohol 5 was converted to the (5E)-6,10-dimethylundeca-5,9-dien-2-one(8) in 4 steps. Compound 8 was condensed with dimethylmethoxycarbonylmethylphosponate in benzene follwed by $NaBH_4$ reduction in EtOH to yield (2E, 6E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trien-1-ol(1). Ni(0)-catalyzed coupling reaction of MeMgI with dihydrofuran 4 was a key step in this synthesis of farnesol(1).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.11.1-11.5
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• 2021

To evaluate avian hepatitis E virus (aHEV) as an RNA vaccine platform, ORF2 of aHEV was replaced by heterologous genes, such as eGFP and HA-tag, in aHEV infectious cDNA clones. eGFP and HA-tag replicons were expressed in LMH cells. To confirm expression of the heterologous protein, ORF2 was replaced with the antigenic S1 gene of IBV. The IBVS1 replicon was expressed in LMH cells. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation showing the potential as a RNA vaccine platform using an aHEV. In the future, it may be used in the development of RNA vaccines against various pathogens.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.181-187
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• 2022

POSCO E&C has completed Parc.1 project successfully. The construction period was 42months, and 1.5 million workers were participated till completion. To meet schedule management and quality control, POSCO E&C has adopted a lot of technologies such as GPS measurement, 3D scanning, vibration control, stack effect control, column shortening control, etc

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 1999.10c
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• pp.689-694
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• 1999

This study estimated average yearly watershed pollutant loading by using SWMM(Storm Water Management Model) which is one of the nonpoint source quality models. Two sites were measured discharge and water quality at dry period and wet period. The rainfall data is used from 1989 to 1998 . During a decade, the average year watershed pollutant loading, which is SS, BOD5 , TN, TP, were 2.39E+06kg, 0.92E +05kg, 2.53E+05kg, 2.66E+04kg respectively. During dry period, SS, BOD5 TN, TP loadings were 1.89E+05kg, 1.7E+05kg, 1.04E+05kg, 1.11E+04kg, and during wet period 1.89E+05kg, 1.17E+05kg, 1.04E+05kg, 1.11E+04kg respectively so wet period loading are more than dry day loadings.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.191-195
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• 2008

This paper proposes a technique for improving IEEE 802.11e EDCA's performance by dynamically adjusting each class's contention window size based on each class's traffic amount. For providing differentiated service differently from 802.11, 802.11e EDCA maintains four classes each of which specifies different static minimum and maximum contention window sizes. Since the initial window sites significantly affect the 802.11e performance, several window adjustment schemes have been proposed. One of the schemes known as CWminAS (CWmin Adaptation Scheme) dynamically and synchronously determines the four windows' site based on the periodically measured collision rate. This method, however, can lower the send probability of high priority classes since it can't differentiate their collisions from those of low priority classes, leading to the channel underutilization. For solving this problem, we propose ACATICT(Adaptive Contention-window Adjustment Technique based on Individual Class Traffic) algorithm which adapts each class window size based on each individual collision rate rather than one average collision rate. Our simulation experiments show that ACATICT achieves better utilization by around 10% at maximum.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.149-152
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• 2011

In this paper, we obtain common fixed point theorem for common property(E.A.) and weakly compatible functions in intuitionistic fuzzy metric space.