• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1001-1034
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• 2008

This thesis is a study composed of eight chapters from 9. to 16. of the Maek Kyoung(脈經) Vol. VIII. ; the symptom & the pulse of Jaundice(黃疸), Malarial Disease(?疾). Carbuncle(癰腫) Intestines Carbuncle(腸癰), & c. It is as follows : Chapter 9 refers to the symptom, pulse, treatment and prognosis of Jaundice(黃疸) and Malarial Disease(?疾). Chapter 10 refers to the cause, symptom, pulse and treatment of Cardialgia(胸痺), Cardiagra(心痛) and Nephric Accumulation(賁豚). Chapter 11 refers to the symptom, pulse and treatment of Abdominal Fuliness(腹滿), Cold Mounting(寒疝) and Abiding Food(宿食). Chapter 12 refers to the symptom and pulse of Accumulation and Mass of the Five Viscera(五臟積聚). Chapter 13 refers to the cause, pathogenesis, symptom, pulse, treatment and prognosis of Terror and Palpitation due to Fright(驚悸), Hematemesis(吐血), Nasal Hemorrhage(?血), Metrorrhagia(下血) and Extravasated Blood(瘀血). Chapter 14 refers to the cause, pathogenesis, symptom, pulse and treatment of Vomiting(嘔吐), Hiccough(?) and Diarrhea(下利). Chapter 15 refers to the cause, pathogenesis, symptom, pulse and treatment of Atrophy of Lung(肺?), Pulmonary Abscess(肺癰), Lung-distention(咳逆上氣) and Phlegm(痰飮). Chapter 16 refers to the cause, pathogenesis, symptom, pulse. treatment and prognosis of Carbuncle(癰腫), Intestines Carbuncle(腸癰), Wound(金瘡) and Acute Eczema(侵淫瘡). There have been abundant investigations in China. But we couldn't find a clear result yet, and they were written in archaic texts and colloquial Chinese, therefore it is needed to be translated into Korean. And there was only one inaccurate translation with insufficient annotation. So I hope this study will be useful to develope Oriental Medical Diagnostics.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.174-180
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• 2014

A plasma hydrophobic coating on commercial fish feed was conducted to prolong the floating time of feed, thereby enhancing the feed consumption rate and reducing the contamination of water in fish farms. The hydrophobic coating on the fish feed was prepared using an atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma with hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), toluene and n-hexane as the precursors. The effect of the parameters such as input power, precursor type and coating time on the coating performance were examined. The physicochemical properties of the coating layer were analyzed using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and a contact angle (CA) analyzer. The water CA increased after the coating preparation, indicating that the surface changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The FTIR characterization revealed that the hydrophobic layer was comprised of functional groups such as $CH_3$, Si-O-Si and Si-C. As a result of the hydrophobic coating, the floating time of the fish feed increased from several seconds to 3 minutes, which suggested that the plasma coating method could be a viable means for practical applications. Compared to the water CA measured as soon as the coating layer was prepared, the 6-day aged sample exhibited a substantial CA increase, confirming the aging effect on the improvement of the hydrophobicity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.1001-1007
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• 2004

Chloroform layer from methanol extract of Corni fructus (Cornaceae) showed strong antiproliferation effect on human cancer cell lines by SRB assay. Anticarcinogenic-active compound was isolated and purified by silica gel column and thin layer chromatograpies, and identified as ursolic acid ($3{\beta}$-hydroxyrus-12-ene-28-oic acid, MW:456) by mass and IR spectrophotometries, and $^1H-and\;^{13}C-NMRs$. The compound inhibited proliferation of A549 (human lung cancer cell line) and MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line) cells in dose-dependant manner when treated for 48 hr. Inhibition rates of both cells were over 40% and 90% compared with control cells at the $30\;{\mu}g/mL\;and\;100\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Morphology of cells treated with the compound for 15 hr at $10\;{\mu}g/mL$ was distorted with shrinked cell mass, and cell number was lower than that of control cells. Cell cycle analysis showed sub-G1 phase arrest in both cell lines following 15 hr exposure to the compound; % of cell phase increased to 11.7 and 11.2% compared to the control of 4.0% and 2.1% in A549 and MCP-7 cells, respectively.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1001-1014
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is about discovering the basic references to find the ways to vitalize handicapped dental clinics. Methods : The study was analyzed by the satisfactions of those patients who took the advantages of using the dental care at B-welfare center and also their transformed perceptions after the services are influenced. The analysis was the questionnaire consisting of 100 items and survey data. Results : 1. The satisfaction of the dental service for the disabled was respectively high which was the average of 4.49. 2. Their satisfactions of receiving kindness services by volunteers and employees were the highest in the entire research of successful handicapped dental services and it was 4.78 overall. 3. The satisfaction of using handicapped dental clinic has the higher range of female users than male's. In the mean time treatment details of the dental care and the satisfaction towards to the volunteers and faculty at the center show the statistical significance gap. 4. The oral care service after experiencing the dental clinic for handicapped relived their discomforts of using the regular dental clinic which shows their highest satisfaction as it is the point of 4.75. 5. the change perception after dental treatment for handicapped has the higher range of females than men's and solving the problems of mouth reference and discomfort of using regular clinics show the statistical significance gap. 6. In the change perception after having dental treatment for handicapped the thought of the possibility of periodical dental care shows the highest perception when the number of visiting is usually shorter and it shows the statistical significance. Conclusions : According to the satisfaction of those inpatients who use free dental care services that belong to dental clinics for handicapped in a part of Seoul welfare centers human services were appeared as the most important factor due to their advantages of taking services from volunteers and staff members. On the other hand to enhance the medical treatment information and environment which showed the weakest factors each inpatient should be specifically specialized for their needs and also further study on plans which enhance their perceptions toward to a better quality of oral-related life is required after using dental treatment service.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.7 s.87
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• pp.996-1001
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• 2007

To investigate whether sulindac, sulindac sulfone, and sulindac sulfide could affect cancer cell viabilities, human colorectal HCTl16 cells were treated with 10 ${\mu}M$ of each NSAID. Among treated NSAms, sulindac sulfide dramatically decreased the cell viabilities detected by MTS and the cytotoxic effect showed dose-dependent manner. To understand the molecular mechanism of cell death in response to sulindac sulfide treatment, we performed oligo DNA microarray analysis. We found that 23 genes were up-regulated more than 2 folds, whereas 33 genes were down-regulated more than 2 folds by treatment of 10 ${\mu}M$ sulindac sulfide. Among the up-regulated genes, we selected 3 genes (NAG-1, DDIT3, PCK2) and performed RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR to cofirm microarray data. The results of RT-PCR and real-time PCR were highly accorded with those of microarray experiment. As NAG-1 is well-known gene as tumor suppressor, we detected changes of NAG-1 expression by 10 ${\mu}M$ of sulindac, sulindac sulfone, and sulindac sulfide. The results of RT-PCR and quantitacve real-time PCR indicated that sulindac sulfide was the strongest inducer of NAG-1 among treated NSAIDS. This result implies that induction of NAG-1 by sulindac sulfide plays important role in cell death of colorectal cancer. Overall, we speculate that these results may be helpful in understanding the molecular mechanism of the cancer chemoprevention by sulindac sulfide in human colorectal cancer.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1001-1008
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• 1996

Staphylococcal food poisoning is the major cause of bacterial food poisoning occurring in this country. Therefore government regulates commercial foods through Official Dictionary of Food that there should be free of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in Korean rice cakes, bread, and a box lunch. Since at least 5 days are required to identify the S. aureus by the official method in the Dictionary it is difficult to prevent the food poisoning and the investigation of the outbreaks. In this report an improved determination method of the S. aureus has been developed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Sense and antisense primers for specific amplification of genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins were designed and synthesized for the PCR. Rapid chromosomal DNA isolation method was also developed from S. aureus using lysostaphin. The PCR condition was developed as follows. Reaction solution $(50\;{\mu}l)$ consisted of target DNA $2\;{\mu}l$ (about 20ng), 10X buffer $5\;{\mu}l$, primer 100pmole, dNTP (10 mM) $4\;{\mu}l$ and Taq DNA polymerase 2.5 unit in a thin-wall tube. Operation condition of the PCR was 5 min pre-denaturation at $94^{\circ}C$, 15 sec denaturation at $94^{\circ}C$, 15 sec annealing at $50^{\circ}C$, 20 sec extension at $72^{\circ}C$, and 5 min post-extension at $72^{\circ}C$, and 30 cycles of denaturation-annealing- extension. Using the PCR with Perkin Elmer GeneAmp PCR system 2400, types of enterotoxigenic S. aureus could be identified from Ddok or bread in a day.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.36-46
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• 1979

Using N_ Ch silicon gate technology . the capacitors and transistors with various dimenssion were fabricated. Although the applied process was somewhat standard the conditions of ion implantation for the gate were varied by changing the implant energies from 30keV to 60keV for B and from 100 keV to 175keV for P . The doses of the implant also changed from 3 $\times$ 10 /$\textrm{cm}^2$ to 5 $\times$ 10 /$\textrm{cm}^2$ for B and from 4$\times$ 10 /$\textrm{cm}^2$ to 7 $\times$ 10 /$\textrm{cm}^2$ for P . The D. C. parameters such as threshold voltage. substrate doping level, the degree of inversion, capacitance. flat band voltage, depletion layer width, gate oxide thickless, surface states, motile charge density, electron mobility. leakage current were evaluated and also compared with the corresponing theoretical values and / or good numbers for application. The threshold voltages measured using curve tracer and C-V plot gave good agreements with the values calculated from SUPREM II which has been developed by Stanford University process group. The threshold vol tapes with back gate bias were used to calculate the change of the substrate doping level. The measured subthreshold slope enabled the prediction of the degree of inversion The D. C. testing results suggest the realized capacitors and transistors are suited for the memory applications.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.1253-1257
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• 2010

강원도 홍천군 내면에 위치한 비점오염 관리지역의 강우시 유출 특성을 파악하고, 비교하기위해 연구를 수행하였다. 2009년 6월부터 2009년 11월까지의 연구기간 중 강우량이 비교적 많은 7회의 강우사상에 대하여 단위면적당 유출량, 유량가중평균농도, 단위면적당 오염부하를 비교하며, 분석하였다. 강우사상별 단위면적당 총 유출량은 저감시설의 설치 유 무에 따라 명확한 경향이 나타나지 않았다. 자운천 유역의 SS, TP의 유량 가중평균농도는 각각 4.0~1440.4 mg/L와 0.024~0.267 mg/L의 범위로 나타났으며, 덕두원 유역의 SS, TP의 유량가중평균농도는 각각 6.2~1001.1 mg/L, 0.039~0.226 mg/L의 범위로 나타났다. 지령골 유역의 SS, TP의 유량가중평균농도는 각각 3.4~1050.6 mg/L, 0.08~0.342 mg/L의 범위로 조사되었다. 10차, 11차, 12차, 26차의 SS 항목에서는 비점오염 저감시설이 설치된 자운천과 덕두원 유역에 비해 다소 높은 것으로 나타났으며, TP는 대부분의 강우사상에서 지령골의 유량가중평균농도가 높았다. 자운천의 강우사상에 따른 SS의 단위면적당 오염부하는 0.24~1,397.85 kg/ha의 범위로 나타났으며, 덕두원과 지령골에서 산정된 SS의 단위면적당 오염부하는 각각 0.06~1,236.78 kg/ha와 0.29~894.81 kg/ha로서 8차와 9차 강우사상을 제외한 나머지 강우사상에서는 비점오염 저감시설이 설치되지 않은 지령골에서 더 많은 양이 발생하였다. TP의 경우 자운천과 덕두원 유역의 단위면적당 TP 오염부하는 각각 0.0006~0.33 kg/ha와 0.0005~0.21 kg/ha의 범위로 나타났으며, 지령골 유역의 강우사상에 따른 단위면적당 오염부하는 0.003~0.29 kg/ha의 범위로서 저감시설이 설치된 자운천과 덕두원 유역보다 높게 나타났다. 단위면적당 오염부하에 기초할 때, 비점오염 저감시설이 설치된 소유역에서 SS와 TP 항목에 대한 저감효과가 나타났다. 하지만 짧은 모니터링 기간과 자료의 부족으로 인해 비교 및 분석의 한계가 있다고 판단된다. 본 연구는 지속적인 모니터링으로 더 많은 자료가 확보될 때 비점오염 저감사업의 효과를 극대화시킬 수 있는 방안을 제시 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.41-65
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• 1999

This study was attempted to identify the factors affecting profitability of general hospital in Kyung-In Region. Operating profit to gross revenues and net profit to gross revenues were used as a proxy indicator for profitability of hospitals. The unit of analysis was hospital, and the data were collected 5 years data from 20 hospitals. The major findings are as follows; (1) The average operating profit rate was 1.03% and the net profit rate was -5.00% in twenty hospitals in the Kyung-In Region for the last five years. In terms of maximum surplus, the operating profit rate was 14% and net profit rate was 3.40%. In terms of maximum loss revenue, the operating profit rate was -16.56% and the net profit rate was -22.83%. (2) Since the year 1993, which was the starting year of this study, the operating profits and the net profits consistently decreased. (3) Analyzing the difference in profits among various hospital groups, the tertiary hospital group and the 501-1000 beds group exhibited the highest in operating profit rate. Also, among the higher grade number of beds in hospital group, per 100 beds group, the 41-50 beds group exhibited the highest in operating profit rate. There is a statistically significant difference in those groups(p<0.05, p<0.01). (4) In the health care delivery system, the profit gain in the secondary hospital was 51.5% and in the tertiary hospital was 72.4%. Based on the number of beds in each hospital group, the highest profit gain was 75.0% in the over 1001 beds group, and 71.4% in the 501-1000 beds group. Also, among the higher grade number of beds in hospital group, per 100 beds group, the 41-50 beds group exhibited 88.6% surplus. (5) According to the surplus difference based on the analysis of health care utilization, a group with over 31 patients in bed turnover rate, a group with over 96% in bed occupancy rate and group with over 9% in emergency cases to outpatient visits exhibited the highest profit gains. In addition, a group with over 301 patients in daily outpatient visits per 100 beds and group with 11-12 days average length of stay exhibited the highest profit gains. These results are statistically significant(p<0.05, p<0.01). (6) According to a stepwise regression analysis, the variables measuring the bed turnover rate, number of licensed beds, and number of outpatient visits per specialist explain 34.1% of the variation in operating profits. In terms of net profits, the new outpatient visits, the bed turnover rates and the number of general bed variables explain 30.6%. These results are statistically significant(p<0.01).

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 1993

The bioequivalence of two omeprazole enteric-coated products was evaluated in 16 normal male volunteers (age 26-32 yr, body weight 57-75 kg) following single oral administration. Test product was enteric-coated KD-182 tablet (Chong Kun Dang Corp., Korea) and reference product was $Rosec^{\circledR}$ capsule containing enteric-coated pellets of omeprazole (Yuhan Corp., Korea). Both products contain 20 mg of omeprazole. One tablet or capsule of the test or the reference product was administered to the volunteers, respectively, by randomized two period cross-over study ($2\;{\times}\;2$ Latin square method). Average drug concetrations at each sampling time and pharmacokinetic parameters calculated were not significantly different between two products(p>0.05); the area under the concentrationtime curve to last sampling time (8 hr) $(AUC_{0-8hr})$ $(1946.5{\pm}675.3\;vs\;2018.3{\pm}761.6\;ng{\cdot}hr/ml)$, AUC from time zero to infinite $(AUC_{o-\infty})$ $(2288.6{\pm}1212.8\;vs\;2264.9{\pm}1001.3\;ng{\cdot}hr/ml)$, maximum plasma concentration $(C_{max})$ $(772.5{\pm}283.3\;vs\;925.8{\pm}187.7\;ng/ml)$, time to maximum plasma concentration $(T_{max})$ $(2.38{\pm}1.06\;vs\;2.34{\pm}1.09\;hr)$, apparent elimination rate constant $(k_{\ell})$ $(0.5339{\pm}0.2687\;vs\;0.5769 {\pm}0.2184\;hr^{-I})$, apparent absorption rate constant $(k_a)$ $(1.1536{\pm}0.5278\;vs\;0.9739{\pm}0.9507 hr^{-1})$ and mean residence time (MRT) $(3.13{\pm}0.73\;vs \;3.41{\pm}1.04\;hr)$. The differences of mean $(AUC_{0-8hr})$, $C_{max}$, $T_{max}$ and MRT between the two products (3.69, 19.83, 1.32 and 8.99%, respectively) were less than 20%. The power $(1-{\beta})$ and treatment difference $(\triangle)$ for $AUC_{o-8hr}$ $C_{max}$ and MRT were more than 0.8 and less than 0.2, respectively. Although the power for $T_{max}$ was under 0.8, $T_{max}$ of the two products was not significantly different each other(p>0.05). These results suggest that the bioavailability of KD-182 tablet is not significantly different from that of $Rosec^{\circledR}$ capsule. Therefore, two products are bioequivalent based on the current results.